Full Length Research Paper Receptor Modeling Application on Surface Water Quality and Source Apportionment

Abstract. There is need for regular monitoring of river water quality to determine specific pollutants in order to aid amelioration schemes. In this study, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on eighteen water quality parameters; pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen(DO), turbidity, temperature ,total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS),total hardness (TH), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrate (NO 3 -), chloride (Cl -), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) to identify major sources of water pollution of river Asa. The generated Principal Components (PCs) were used as independent variables and water quality index (WQI) as dependent variable to predict the contribution of each of the sources using multiple linear regression model (MLR). The PCs results showed that the sources of pollution are storm water runoff, industrial effluent, erosion and municipal waste, while MLR identified storm water runoff (0.786) and industrial effluent (0.241) as the respective major contributors of pollution. The study showed that PC-MLR model gives good prediction (R 2 =0.8) for water quality index

EFFECT OF TREATED SEWAGE SLUDGE ON THE QUALITY OF OKRA FRUIT

Treated sewage sludge (Defective) has been identified to increase heavy metals in the soil which are in turn transferred to plants. In view of this, the study is aimed at assessing the effects of treated sewage sludge on the quality parameters of okra fruits. The randomized block design was employed in raising okra plants with three treatments (0t/ha, 10t/ha, and 20t/ha sewage sludge amendment) over a land area of 56.3m2. Soil analysis was used to determine the level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. After 2months, the okra fruits were harvested by cutting the pods off, slicing, oven drying, milling, and labeled correctly prior to laboratory analysis. The heavy metal content in the okra fruit were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometer. The parameters analyzed were Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Zn. The concentration of the selected heavy metals was subjected to descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The transfer factor was also determined. Most soils in the okra field was sand. Study found out that the soil was deficient in phosphorus and potassium. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals were not found in the okra fruit since Cu, Zn and Fe have transfer factors of less than 1. In addition, transfer factor order in okra fruit were Zn>Cu>Fe>Cd>Pb. The study revealed that the application of sewage sludge at 10t/ha and 20t/ha resulted in high uptake of Zn and Fe whereas cadmium and lead were not detected. The study concluded that consumption of the okra fruit grown on 10t/ha and 20t/ha were very safe since Cu, Fe, and Zn in the okra fruit were less than desirable limit as recommended by FAO and WHO. There is need to determine hazard quotient, the health risk index, morbidity status the enrichment factor and degree of contamination in okra fruit. Effect of sewage sludge at different application rates between 25t/ha and 60t/ha be seriously investigated so as to determine the optimal level of heavy metal in the okra frui