REAL TIME CONTINGENCY MEASURES FOR CROP MANAGEMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS IN SHIWALIK FOOTHILLS

Not AvailableIn the North-Eastern part of the Punjab about 0.393 mha area (7.8 % of state area) in the Shivalik foot hills known as Kandi stretches from Dhar Kalan block of Pathankot district to Dera Bassi block of SAS Nagar, covering parts of Pathankot, Hoshiarpur, Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar, Roop Nagar and SAS Nagar districts.The per capita availability of food grains in the Kandi belt is low which is 1871 g/day as compared to 3188 g/day in the rest of Punjab. Despite having surplus food grain production in Punjab, Kandi belt is still facing the problem of food security.Not Availabl

In situ and ex situ rainwater conservation in Kandi region of Punjab for sustainable agriculture.

Not AvailablePunjab state has been divided into six agro-climatic regions on the basis of variations in physiography, underground quality and quantity of water, amount of rainfall and moisture index. Sub-mountainous undulating region locally known as Kandi area has been termed as Zone I. The dictionary meaning of Kandi is land along the bank of river or along foothills, submontane region. The region is spread in five districts namely; Pathankot, Hoshiarpur, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Roop Nagar and Ajitgarh (Mohali). The Kandi area lies between 30 21'48" to 32 30' North o o latitudes and 75 32' 12" to 75 56' East longitudes covering an area of o o approximately 0.393mha, which constitutes about 7.8% of 5.03 million ha geographical area of Punjab state. Geologically, the area forms a part of the Shivalik hills constituting piedmont and alluvial piedmont. The piedmonts are sited on the upper conglomerate beds mainly on a bed of clay intermixed with pebbles and cobbles and nodular concretions and in the plains, it is alluvium deposits. Fluvial action of choes, erosion and deposition are the geomorphic processes prevalent in the Kandi area of Punjab.Not Availabl

Real time contingency measures for crop management under rainfed conditions in Shiwalik foothills( Punjabi Version)

Not AvailableIn the North-Eastern part of the Punjab about 0.393 mha area (7.8 % of state area) in the Shivalik foot hills known as Kandi stretches from Dhar Kalan block of Pathankot district to Dera Bassi block of SAS Nagar, covering parts of Pathankot, Hoshiarpur, Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar, Roop Nagar and SAS Nagar districts.The per capita availability of food grains in the Kandi belt is low which is 1871 g/day as compared to 3188 g/day in the rest of Punjab. Despite having surplus food grain production in Punjab, Kandi belt is still facing the problem of food security. The crop production in Kandi is dependent on the rainfall which varies from 845 mm to 1500 mm annually and 80% of rainfall occurs in monsoon from June to September. Most of the rain water is lost through the seasonal streams called 'choes' resulting in acute moisture stress and drought like situation in crops during dry spells. Moreover, due to climate change the rainfall pattern has also shown a declining trend in Kandi belt particularly in kharif season. Further, the weather aberrations like delayed onset of monsoon, mid-season dry spells and early withdrawal of monsoon have intensified. The dry spells mostly occur during the critical stages of the crop growth which have an adverse impact on crops resulting in low productivity.Not Availabl

In situ and ex situ rainwater conservation in Kandi region of Punjab for sustainable agriculture. (Punjabi Version)

Not AvailablePunjab state has been divided into six agro-climatic regions on the basis of variations in physiography, underground quality and quantity of water, amount of rainfall and moisture index. Sub-mountainous undulating region locally known as Kandi area has been termed as Zone I. The dictionary meaning of Kandi is land along the bank of river or along foothills, submontane region. The region is spread in five districts namely; Pathankot, Hoshiarpur, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Roop Nagar and Ajitgarh (Mohali). The Kandi area lies between 30 21'48" to 32 30' North o o latitudes and 75 32' 12" to 75 56' East longitudes covering an area of o o approximately 0.393mha, which constitutes about 7.8% of 5.03 million ha geographical area of Punjab state. Geologically, the area forms a part of the Shivalik hills constituting piedmont and alluvial piedmont. The piedmonts are sited on the upper conglomerate beds mainly on a bed of clay intermixed with pebbles and cobbles and nodular concretions and in the plains, it is alluvium deposits. Fluvial action of choes, erosion and deposition are the geomorphic processes prevalent in the Kandi area of Punjab.Not Availabl

Crop based contingency planning for Kandi Region of Punjab

Not AvailableRainfed agriculture occupies a prominent place in Indian economy. About 60% of total net sown area is rainfed and is contributing nearly 40% of the total food production. It supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Agriculture in rainfed areas face several uncertainties like aberrant weather, lack of timely inputs and credit leading to low and unstable productivity and profitability. The main source of water for crops under rainfed conditions is rain, a major portion of which is received in the month of June to September during the south -west monsoon period. Normally, there are at least five important aberrations in the rainfall behavior, viz., (i) early commencement of the rains, or considerably delayed monsoon, (ii) intermittent “breaks” during the cropping season, (iii) variation in spatial and/or temporal aberrations, and (iv) early withdrawal of rainfall or continued wet spells for longer period. These situations call for attention of agricultural scientists and planners to develop contingent measures to save the rainfed crops and select crops/varieties suitable for crop seasons in different agro climatic regions of the country.Not Availabl