Joint Transaction Transmission and Channel Selection in Cognitive Radio Based Blockchain Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

To ensure that the data aggregation, data storage, and data processing are all performed in a decentralized but trusted manner, we propose to use the blockchain with the mining pool to support IoT services based on cognitive radio networks. As such, the secondary user can send its sensing data, i.e., transactions, to the mining pools. After being verified by miners, the transactions are added to the blocks. However, under the dynamics of the primary channel and the uncertainty of the mempool state of the mining pool, it is challenging for the secondary user to determine an optimal transaction transmission policy. In this paper, we propose to use the deep reinforcement learning algorithm to derive an optimal transaction transmission policy for the secondary user. Specifically, we adopt a Double Deep-Q Network (DDQN) that allows the secondary user to learn the optimal policy. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed deep reinforcement learning algorithm outperforms the conventional Q-learning scheme in terms of reward and learning speed

MÔ PHỎNG ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỰC NƯỚC BIỂN DÂNG ĐẾN BIẾN ĐỘNG ĐỊA HÌNH ĐÁY VÙNG VEN BỜ CỬA SÔNG MÊ KÔNG

This paper presents some study results on morphological change in the coastal region of Mekong River under the influences of sea level rise. In order to set up the models, measured data were collected, systematically and homogeneously processed to create open boundary conditions (time-serial data) for the model. Open sea boundary conditions of the model were created by NESTING method. The model (Delft3D model) was set up with 4 layers in Sigma coordinate. The results of model were validated, showing a fairly good agreement with measured data (water elevation, currents, and suspended sediment concentration) at some places in the study area. Results of some scenarios of simulation (dry and flood season) show the sea level rise due to climate change could make a reduction in the seaward sediment transport and increase its settling around estuaries. As a result, sea level rise causes an increase in the accreted rate of sandbars in southern estuary of Mekong river coastal area. The influences of sea level rise on Mekong river coastal bed topography are prevailing in the region of about 7 - 10 km seawards. Further 10 km from the coast, influences of sea level rise on coastal morphology are not significant.Bài báo trình bày các kết quả nghiên cứu dự báo biến động địa hình ở vùng ven bờ châu thổ sông Mê Kông dưới ảnh hưởng của nước biển dâng. Để thiết lập mô hình tính, các chuỗi số liệu quan trắc đã được thu thập, xử lý hệ thống và đồng bộ cho các điều kiện biên (sông, biển) của mô hình dạng chuỗi số liệu (time serial data). Các biên mở phía biển của mô hình được tạo ra bằng phương pháp lưới lồng (NESTING) từ mô hình có miền tính rộng hơn ở phía ngoài. Mô hình Delft3D với 4 lớp độ sâu theo hệ tọa độ Sigma đã được thiết lập và kiểm chứng cho thấy có sự phù hợp với số liệu đo đạc. Kết quả dự báo trong mùa cạn và mùa lũ đã cho thấy sự dâng cao mực nước biển do biến đổi khí hậu làm hạn chế sự phát tán của dòng trầm tích về phía biển và tập trung di chuyển quanh các cửa sông. Qua đó làm tăng tốc độ bồi tại các bãi bồi khu vực phía ngoài các cửa sông phía nam của vùng ven bờ châu thổ sông Mê Kông. Những ảnh hưởng do dâng cao mực nước biển đến địa hình đáy ven bờ châu thổ sông Mê Kông phổ biến diễn ra trong phạm vi khoảng 7 -       10 km từ cửa sông ra phía ngoài. Ở phía ngoài 10 km từ bờ ra, ảnh hưởng do dâng cao mực nước đến địa hình đáy hầu như không đáng kể

Toward a Standardized Strategy of Clinical Metabolomics for the Advancement of Precision Medicine

Despite the tremendous success, pitfalls have been observed in every step of a clinical metabolomics workflow, which impedes the internal validity of the study. Furthermore, the demand for logistics, instrumentations, and computational resources for metabolic phenotyping studies has far exceeded our expectations. In this conceptual review, we will cover inclusive barriers of a metabolomics-based clinical study and suggest potential solutions in the hope of enhancing study robustness, usability, and transferability. The importance of quality assurance and quality control procedures is discussed, followed by a practical rule containing five phases, including two additional "pre-pre-" and "post-post-" analytical steps. Besides, we will elucidate the potential involvement of machine learning and demonstrate that the need for automated data mining algorithms to improve the quality of future research is undeniable. Consequently, we propose a comprehensive metabolomics framework, along with an appropriate checklist refined from current guidelines and our previously published assessment, in the attempt to accurately translate achievements in metabolomics into clinical and epidemiological research. Furthermore, the integration of multifaceted multi-omics approaches with metabolomics as the pillar member is in urgent need. When combining with other social or nutritional factors, we can gather complete omics profiles for a particular disease. Our discussion reflects the current obstacles and potential solutions toward the progressing trend of utilizing metabolomics in clinical research to create the next-generation healthcare system.11Ysciescopu

Lax Compliance of Goodwill Impairment Accounting in the Early Year after IFRS Implementation

After some decades of discussing in recognizing, measuring and reporting goodwill in the financial reports, Hong Kong finally has promulgated HKAS 36 - Impairment of Assets, for the convergence of IFRS including IAS 36. This is absolutely applicable to all transactions of business combinations beginning on or after 1st January, 2005. The adoption of HKAS 36 has resulted in significant changes and more complexity in terms of techniques and in the nature of disclosures relating to goodwill and its impairment to the reporting first-time adopters. The traditional method by adopting “capitalize and amortize” has been replaced by impairment testing regime based on subjective assumptions. Therefore, it is more likely to have inconsistent compliance by the first-time adopters in their transition period under the new reporting approach. Thus, this study has the purpose of examining the compliance levels under a variety of provisions of HKAS 36. By using the data of annual reports of Hong Kong listed firms, first-time adopters, the research found the material levels of non-compliance and substantial changes in the quality of note-form disclosures bearing on impairment testing process. Further study on post transition period is identified and discussed. Keywords: Goodwill, Impairment, Financial Reporting Standard, Hong Kon