Getting to the Shore on Foot: Sustaining Harvester Access

Working Waterfront conjures images of the Portland Fish Exchange, Belfast shipyards, or wharves and piers in Stonington. Ensuring that such sites continue as essential elements of Maine\u27s marine economy is increasingly the focus of innovative action and policy development. But policies to address Maine\u27s working waterfronts must also attend to waterfront access required by those who reach it on foot. Such access rights are rarely conferred by private ownership. Instead, they depend on public ownership and, more frequently, on informal social arrangements between harvesters and property owners. In this article, we describe the nature of the shore access needed by on-foot harvesters, the contribution such harvesting makes to communities, and why walk-in access is disappearing. Drawing upon emerging initiatives by municipalities, nonprofit organizations, regional associations, and state government, we suggest actions and policies to help sustain on-foot waterfront access

Bioinformatics challenges and potentialities in studying extreme environments

Cold environments are populated by organisms able to contravene deleterious effects of low temperature by diverse adaptive strategies, including the production of ice binding proteins (IBPs) that inhibit the growth of ice crystals inside and outside cells. We describe the properties of such a protein (EfcIBP) identified in the metagenome of an Antarctic biological consortium composed of the ciliate Euplotes focardii and psychrophilic non-cultured bacteria. Recombinant EfcIBP can resist freezing without any conformational damage and is moderately heat stable, with a midpoint temperature of 66.4 degrees C. Tested for its effects on ice, EfcIBP shows an unusual combination of properties not reported in other bacterial IBPs. First, it is one of the best-performing IBPs described to date in the inhibition of ice recrystallization, with effective concentrations in the nanomolar range. Moreover, EfcIBP has thermal hysteresis activity (0.53 degrees C at 50 mu M) and it can stop a crystal from growing when held at a constant temperature within the thermal hysteresis gap. EfcIBP protects purified proteins and bacterial cells from freezing damage when exposed to challenging temperatures. EfcIBP also possesses a potential N-terminal signal sequence for protein transport and a DUF3494 domain that is common to secreted IBPs. These features lead us to hypothesize that the protein is either anchored at the outer cell surface or concentrated around cells to provide survival advantage to the whole cell consortium

YSOVAR: Six pre-main-sequence eclipsing binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Eclipsing binaries (EBs) provide critical laboratories for empirically testing predictions of theoretical models of stellar structure and evolution. Pre-main-sequence (PMS) EBs are particularly valuable, both due to their rarity and the highly dynamic nature of PMS evolution, such that a dense grid of PMS EBs is required to properly calibrate theoretical PMS models. Analyzing multi-epoch, multi-color light curves for 2400 candidateOrion Nebula Cluster (ONC) members from our Warm Spitzer Exploration Science Program YSOVAR, we have identified 12 stars whose light curves show eclipse features. Four of these 12 EBs are previously known. Supplementing our light curves with follow-up optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we establish two of the candidates as likely field EBs lying behind the ONC. We confirm the remaining six candidate systems, however, as newly identified ONC PMS EBs. These systems increase the number of known PMS EBs by over 50% and include the highest mass (Theta1 Ori E, for which we provide a complete set of well-determined parameters including component masses of 2.807 and 2.797 solar masses) and longest period (ISOY J053505.71-052354.1, P \sim 20 days) PMS EBs currently known. In two cases (Theta1 Ori E and ISOY J053526.88-044730.7), enough photometric and spectroscopic data exist to attempt an orbit solution and derive the system parameters. For the remaining systems, we combine our data with literature information to provide a preliminary characterization sufficient to guide follow-up investigations of these rare, benchmark systems.Comment: Accepted by Ap

A rapid and dramatic outburst in Blazar 3C 454.3 during May 2005 - Optical and infrared observations with REM and AIT

The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 is well known to be a highly active and variable source with outbursts occurring across the whole electromagnetic spectrum over the last decades. In spring 2005, 3C 454.3 has been reported to exhibit a strong optical outburst which subsequently triggered multi-frequency observations of the source covering the radio up to gamma-ray bands. Here, we present first results of our near-IR/optical (V, R, I, H band) photometry performed between May 11 and August 5, 2005 with the Rapid Eye Mount (REM) at La Silla in Chile and the Automatic Imaging Telescope (AIT) of the Perugia University Observatory. 3C 454.3 was observed during an exceptional and historical high state with a subsequent decrease in brightness over our 86 days observing period. The continuum spectral behaviour during the flaring and declining phase suggests a synchrotron peak below the near-IR band as well as a geometrical origin of the variations e.g. due to changes in the direction of forward beaming.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letter

Test, Reliability and Functional Safety Trends for Automotive System-on-Chip

This paper encompasses three contributions by industry professionals and university researchers. The contributions describe different trends in automotive products, including both manufacturing test and run-time reliability strategies. The subjects considered in this session deal with critical factors, from optimizing the final test before shipment to market to in-field reliability during operative life

A new activity phase of the blazar 3C 454.3. Multifrequency observations by the WEBT and XMM-Newton in 2007-2008

We present and analyse the WEBT multifrequency observations of 3C 454.3 in the 2007-2008 observing season, including XMM-Newton observations and near-IR spectroscopic monitoring, and compare the recent emission behaviour with the past one. In the optical band we observed a multi-peak outburst in July-August 2007, and other faster events in November 2007 - February 2008. During these outburst phases, several episodes of intranight variability were detected. A mm outburst was observed starting from mid 2007, whose rising phase was contemporaneous to the optical brightening. A slower flux increase also affected the higher radio frequencies, the flux enhancement disappearing below 8 GHz. The analysis of the optical-radio correlation and time delays, as well as the behaviour of the mm light curve, confirm our previous predictions, suggesting that changes in the jet orientation likely occurred in the last few years. The historical multiwavelength behaviour indicates that a significant variation in the viewing angle may have happened around year 2000. Colour analysis reveals a complex spectral behaviour, which is due to the interplay of different emission components. All the near-IR spectra show a prominent Halpha emission line, whose flux appears nearly constant. The analysis of the XMM-Newton data indicates a correlation between the UV excess and the soft-X-ray excess, which may represent the head and the tail of the big blue bump, respectively. The X-ray flux correlates with the optical flux, suggesting that in the inverse-Compton process either the seed photons are synchrotron photons at IR-optical frequencies or the relativistic electrons are those that produce the optical synchrotron emission. The X-ray radiation would thus be produced in the jet region from where the IR-optical emission comes.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures (7 included in the text, 5 in GIF format), accepted for publication in A&

WEBT and XMM-Newton observations of 3C 454.3 during the post-outburst phase. Detection of the little and big blue bumps

The blazar 3C 454.3 underwent an unprecedented optical outburst in spring 2005. This was first followed by a mm and then by a cm radio outburst, which peaked in February 2006. We report on follow-up observations by the WEBT to study the multiwavelength emission in the post-outburst phase. XMM-Newton observations on July and December 2006 added information on the X-ray and UV fluxes. The source was in a faint state. The radio flux at the higher frequencies showed a fast decreasing trend, which represents the tail of the big radio outburst. It was followed by a quiescent state, common at all radio frequencies. In contrast, moderate activity characterized the NIR and optical light curves, with a progressive increase of the variability amplitude with increasing wavelength. We ascribe this redder-when-brighter behaviour to the presence of a "little blue bump" due to line emission from the broad line region, which is clearly visible in the source SED during faint states. Moreover, the data from the XMM-Newton OM reveal a rise of the SED in the UV, suggesting the existence of a "big blue bump" due to thermal emission from the accretion disc. The X-ray spectra are well fitted with a power-law model with photoelectric absorption, possibly larger than the Galactic one. However, the comparison with previous X-ray observations would imply that the amount of absorbing matter is variable. Alternatively, the intrinsic X-ray spectrum presents a curvature, which may depend on the X-ray brightness. In this case, two scenarios are possible.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Enzymatic Glucose Based Bio batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next Generation Devices

[EN] This article consists of a review of the main concepts and paradigms established in the field of biological fuel cells or biofuel cells. The aim is to provide an overview of the current panorama, basic concepts, and methodologies used in the field of enzymatic biofuel cells, as well as the applications of these bio-systems in flexible electronics and implantable or portable devices. Finally, the challenges needing to be addressed in the development of biofuel cells capable of supplying power to small size devices with applications in areas related to health and well-being or next-generation portable devices are analyzed. The aim of this study is to contribute to biofuel cell technology development; this is a multidisciplinary topic about which review articles related to different scientific areas, from Materials Science to technology applications, can be found. With this article, the authors intend to reach a wide readership in order to spread biofuel cell technology for different scientific profiles and boost new contributions and developments to overcome future challenges.Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, through the State Program for Talent and Employability Promotion 2013-2016 by means of Torres Quevedo research contract in the framework of Bio2 project (PTQ-14-07145) and from the Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial-IVACE-GVA (BioSensCell project)Buaki-Sogo, M.; García-Carmona, L.; Gil Agustí, MT.; Zubizarreta Saenz De Zaitegui, L.; García Pellicer, M.; Quijano-Lopez, A. (2020). Enzymatic Glucose Based Bio batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next Generation Devices. Topics in Current Chemistry (Online). 378(6):1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-020-00312-8S1283786Schlögl R (2015) The revolution continues: Energiewende 2.0. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:4436–4439Mitcheson PD, Yeatman EM, Rao GK, Holmes AS, Green TC (2008) Energy harvesting from human and machine motion for wireless electronic devices. Proc IEEE 96(9):1457–1486Wang ZL, Wu W (2012) Nanotechnology-enabled energy harvesting for self-powered micro-/nanosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:11700-11721Lamy C, Lima A, LeRhun V, Delime F, Coutanceau C, Léger J-M (2002) Recent advances in the development of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC). J Power Sources 105:283Cheng X, Shi Z, Glass N, Zhang L, Zhang J, Song D, Liu Z-S, Wang H, Shen J (2007) A review of PEM hydrogen fuel cell contamination: impacts, mechanisms, and mitigation. J Power Sources 165:739Boudghere Stambouli A, Traversa E (2002) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 6:433–455Qiao Y, Li CM (2011) Nanostructured catalyst in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21:4027–4036Edwards PP, Kuznetsov VL, David WIF, Brandon NP (2008) Hydrogen and fuel cells: towards sustainable energy future. Energy Policy 36:4356–4362Kirubakaran A, Jain S, Nema RK (2009) A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface. Renew Sustain Energy 13:2430–2440Kerzenmacher S, Ducree J, Zengerle R, von Stetten F (2008) An abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cell for powering medical implants: reconstructed manufacturing protocol and analysis of performance. J Power Sources 182:66–75Drake RF, Kusserow BK, Messinger S, Matsuda S (1970) A tissue implantable fuel cell power supply. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 16:199–205Giner J, Holleck G, Malachesky PA (1973) Eine implantierbare Brennstoffzelle zum Betrieb eines mechanischen Herzens. Phys Chem 77:782–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19730771009Cosnier S, LeGoff A, Holzinger M (2014) Towards glucose biofuel cells implanted in human body for powering artificial organs: review. Electrochem Commun 38:19–23Katz E (2015) Implantable biofuel cells operating in vivo—potential power sources for bioelectronic devices. Bioelectron Med 2:1–12Bullen RA, Arnot TC, Lakeman JB, Walsh FC (2006a) Biofuel cells and their development . Biosens Bioelectron 21:2015–2045Cooney MJ, Svoboda V, Lau C, Martin G, Minteer SD (2008) Enzyme catalysed biofuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 1:320–337Cracknell JA, Vincent KA, Armstrong FA (2008) Enzymes as working or inspirational electrocatalysts for fuel cells and electrolysis. Chem Rev 108:2439–2461Sheldon RA (2007) Enzyme immobilization: the quest for optimum performance. Adv Synth Catal 349:1289–1307Bullen RA, Arnot TC, Lakeman JB, Walsh FC (2006b) Biofuel cells and their development. Biosens Bioelectron 21:2015–2045Koch C, Popiel D, Harnisch F (2014) Functional redundancy of microbial anodes fed by domestic wastewater. ChemElectroChem 1:1923–1931Mano N, Mao F, Heller A (2003) Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucose−O2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant. J Am Chem Soc 125(21):6588–6594Mano N, Mao F, Heller A (2002) A miniature biofuel cell operating in a physiological buffer. J Am Chem Soc 124(44):12962–12963Bruen D, Delaney C, Florea L, Diamond D (2017) Glucose sensing for diabetes monitoring: recent developments. Sensors 17:1866Falk M, Blum Z, Shleev S (2012) Direct electron transfer based enzymatic fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 82:191–202White HB (1976) Coenzymes as fossils of an earlier metabolic state. J Mol Evol 7:101–104Broderick JB (2001) Coenzymes and cofactors. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester. https://www.els.net. https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0000631Sakurai T, Kataoka K (2007) Basic and applied features of multicopper oxidases, CueO, bilirubin oxidase, and laccase. Chem Rec 7:220–229Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L (2009) Glucose oxidase—an overview. Biotech Adv 27:489–501Ferri S, Kojima K, Sode K (2011) Review of glucose oxidases and glucose dehydrogenases: a bird’s eye view of glucose sensing enzymes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 5:1068–1076Katz E, MacVittie K (2013) Implanted biofuel cells operating in vivo—methods, applications and perspectives—feature article. Energy Environ Sci 6:2791–2803Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1997) Enzyme catalysed direct electron transfer: fundamentals and analytical applications. Electroanalysis 9:661–674Von Woedtke Th, Fisher U, Abel P (1994) Glucose oxidase electrodes: effect of H2O2 on enzyme activity? Biosens Bioelectron 9:65–71Kleppe K (1966) The effect of H2O2 on glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochemistry 5:139–143Zebda A, Godran C, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Cinquin P, Cosnier S (2011) Mediatorless high-power glucose biofuel cells based on compressed carbon nanotube-enzyme electrodes. Nat Commun 2:370Borenstein A, Hanna O, Attias R, Luski S, Brousse T, Aurbach D (2017) Carbon-based composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes: a review. J Mater Chem A 5:12653–12672Angione MD, Pilolli R, Cotrone S, Magliulo M, Mallardi A, Palazzo G, Sabbatini L, Fine D, Dodabalapur A, Lioffi N, Torsi L (2011) Carbon based nanomaterials for electronic bio-sensing. Mat Today 14:424–433Cha C, Shin SR, Annabi N, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A (2013) Carbon based nanomaterials: multifunctional materials for biomedical engineering. ACS Nano 7:2891–2897Wang Z, Dai Z (2015) Carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors: an overview. Nanoscale 7:6420–6431Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Lauhon LJ, Marks TJ, Hersam MC (2013) Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and sensing. Chem Soc Rev 42:2824–2860Babadi AA, Bagheri S, Abdul Hamid SB (2016) Progress on implantable biofuel cell: nano-carbon functionalization for enzyme immobilization enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 15:850–860Osadebe I, Leech D (2014) Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on glucose oxidation by glucose oxidase or a flavin-dependent glucose dehydrogenase in redox-polymer-mediated enzymatic fuel cell anodes. ChemElectroChem 1:1988–1993Si P, Huang Y, Wang T, Ma J (2013) Nanomaterials for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. RSC Adv 3:3487–3502Putzbach W, Ronkainen NJ (2013) Immobilization techniques in the fabrication of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: a review. Sensors 13(4):4811–4840Walcarius A, Minteer SD, Wang J, Lin Y, Merkoçi A (2013) Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J Mater Chem B 1:4878–4908Datta S, Christena LR, Rajaram YRS (2013) Enzyme immobilization: an overview on techniques and support materials. 3 Biotech 3(1):1–9Ivanov I, Vidaković-Koch T, Sundmaker K (2010) Recent advances in enzymatic fuel cells; experiments and modelling. Energies 3:803–846Nguyen HH, Kim M (2017) An overview of techniques in enzyme immobilization. Appl Sci Converg Technol 26(6):157–163Fu J, Reinhold J, Woodbury NW (2011) Peptide-modified surfaces for enzyme immobilization. PLoS One 6(4):e18692Lee DH, Park CH, Yeo JM, Kim SW (2006) Lipase immobilization on silica gel using a cross-linking method. J Ind Eng Chem 12(5):777–782Szymańska K, Bryjak J, Jarzębski AB (2009) Immobilization of invertase on mesoporous silicas to obtain hyper active biocatalysts. Top Catal 52:1030–1036Al-Lolage F, Meneghello M, Ma S, Ludwig R, Barlett PN (2017) A flexible method for the stable, covalent immobilization of enzymes at electrode surfaces. ChemElectroChem 4:1528–1534Gutierrez-Sanchez C, Shleev S, De Lacey AL, Pita M (2015) Third-generation oxygen amperometric biosensor based on Trametes hirsuta laccase covalently bound to graphite electrode. Chem Pap 69:237–240Pita M, Gutierrez-Sanchez C, Toscano MD, Shleev S, De Lacey AL (2013) Oxygen biosensor based on bilirubin oxidase immobilized on a nanostructured gold electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 94:69–74Vaz-Dominguez C, Campuzano S, Rüdiger O, Pita M, Gorbacheva M, Shleev S, Fernandez VM, de Lacey LA (2008) Laccase electrode for direct electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O with high-operational stability and resistance to chloride inhibition. Biosens Bioelectron 24(4):531–537Gutiérrez-Sánchez C, Jia W, Beyl Y, Pita M, Schuhmann W, de Lacey LA, Stoica L (2012) Enhanced direct electron transfer between laccase and hierarchical carbon microfibers/carbon nanotubes composite electrodes. Comparison of three enzyme immobilization methods. Electrochim Acta 82:218–223Lv Y, Jin S, Wang Y, Lun Z, Xia C (2016) Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials in enzymatic glucose sensors. J Iran Chem Soc 13(10):1767–1776Zhao C, Gai P, Song R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhu J-J (2017) Nanostructured material-based biofuel cells: recent advances and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 46:1545–1564Yu EH, Scott K (2010) Enzymatic biofuel cells—fabrication of enzyme electrodes. Energies 3:23–42Minteer SD, Atanassov P, Luckarift HR, Johnson GR (2013) New materials for biological fuel cells. Mater Today 15(4):166–173Sarma AK, Vatsyayan P, Goswami P, Minteer SD (2009) Recent advances in material science for developing enzyme electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 24:2313–2322Jesionowski T, Zdarta J, Krajewska B (2014) Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review. Adsorption 20:801–821Sardar M, Gupta MN (2005) Immobilization of tomato pectinase on Con A-Seralose 4B by bioaffinity layering. Enzyme Microbial Technol 37:355–359Sheldon RA (2011) Characteristic features and biotechnological applications of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 92:467–477Velasco-Lozano S, López-Gallego F, Mateos-Díaz JC, Favela-Torres E (2015) Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) in enzyme improvement—a review. Biocatalysis 1:166–177Cosnier S (1999) Biomolecule immobilization on electrode surfaces by entrapment or attachment to electrochemically polymerized films. A review. Biosen Bioelectron 14:443–456Heller A (1990) Electrical wiring of redox enzymes. Acc Chem Res 29:128–134Heller A (1992) Electrical connection of enzyme redox centres to electrodes. J Phys Chem 96:3579–3587Martins MVA, Pereira AR, Luz RAS, Iost RM, Crespilho FN (2014) Evidence of short-range electron transfer of a redox enzyme on graphene oxide electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:17426–17436Luz RAS, Pereira AR, de Souza JCP, Sales FCPF, Crespilho FN (2014) Enzyme biofuel cells: thermodynamics. Kinetics and challenges in applicability. ChemElectroChem 1(11):1751–1777Neto SA, De Andrade AR (2013) New energy sources: the enzymatic biofuel cell. J Braz Chem Soc 24(12):1891–1912Rapoport BI, Kedzierski JT, Sarpeshkar R (2012) A glucose fuel cell for implantable brain–machine interfaces. PLoS One 7(6):6 e38436Zebda A, Alcaraz J-P, Vadgama P, Shleev S, Minteer SD, Boucher F, Cinquin P, Martin DK (2018) Challenges for successful implantation of biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 124:57–72Ferraris RP, Diamond J (1997) Regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Physiol Rev 77:257–301Sprague JE, Arbeláez AM (2011) Glucose counterregulatory responses to hypoglicemia. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 9:463–475Slaughter G, Kulkarni T (2019) Detection of human plasma glucose using a self-powered glucose biosensor. Energies 12:825Rathee K, Dhull V, Dhull R, Singh S (2016) Biosensors based on electrochemical lactate detection: a comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Rep 5:35–54Koushanpour A, Gamella M, Katz E (2017) A biofuel cell based on biocatalytic reactions of lactate on both anode and cathode electrodes—extracting electrical power from human sweat. Electroanalysis 29:1602–1611Yao Y, Li H, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C (2017) An electrochemiluminescence cloth-based biosensor with smartphone-based imaging for detection of lactate in saliva. Analyst 142:3715–3724Pankratov D, González-Arribas E, Blum Z, Shleev S (2016) Tear based bioelectronics. Electroanalysis 28:1250–1266Krogstad AL, Jansson PA, Gisslen P, Lönnroth P (1996) Microdialysis methodology for the measurement of dermal interstitial fluid in humans. Br J Dermatol 134(6):1005–1012Bandodkar AJ, Wang J (2016) Wearable biofuel cells: a review. Electroanalysis 28:1188–1200Jia W, Valdés-Ramírez G, Bandodkar AJ, Windmiller JR, Wang J (2013) Epidermal biofuel cells: energy harvesting from human perspiration. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:1–5Jeerapan I, Sempionatto JR, Pavinatto A, You J-M, Wang J (2016) Stretchable biofuel cells as wearable textile-based self-powered sensors. J Mater Chem A 4:18342–18353Valdés-Ramírez G, Li Y-G, Kima J, Jia W, Bandodkar AJ, Nuñez-Flores R, Miller PR, Wu S-Y, Narayan R, Windmiller JR, Polsky R, Wang J (2016) Microneedle-based self-powered glucose sensor. Electrochem Commun 47:58–62Gamella M, Koushanpour A, Katz E (2018) Biofuel cells—activation of micro- and macro- electronic devices. Bioelectrochemistry 119:33–42Mano N, Mao F, Shin W, Chen T, Heller A (2003) A miniature biofuel cell operating at 0.78 V. Chem Commun 20:518–519Shi B, Li Z, Fan Y (2018) Implantable energy harvesting devices. Adv Mater 30:1801511MacVittie K, Halámek J, Halámková L, Southcott M, Jemison WD, Lobel R, Katz E (2013) From “cyborg” lobsters to a pacemaker powered by implantable biofuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 6:81–86Szczupak A, Halámek J, Halámková L, Bocharova V, Alfonta L, Katz E (2012) Living battery—biofuel cells operating in vivo in clams. Energy Environ Sci 5:8891–8895Southcott M, MacVittie K, Halámek J, Halámková L, Jemison WD, Lobel R, Katz E (2013) A pacemaker powered by an implantable biofuel cell operating under conditions mimicking the human blood circulatory system—battery not included. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:6278–6283MacVittie K, Conlon T, Katz E (2015) A wireless transmission system powered by an enzyme biofuel cell implanted in an orange. Bioelectrochemistry 106:28–33Aghahosseini H, Ramazani A, Asiabi PA, Gouranlou F, Hosseini F, Rezaei A, Min B-K, Joo SW (2016) Glucose-based biofuel cells: nanotechnology as a vital science in biofuel cell performance. Nanochem Res 1(2):83–204Zebda A, Cosnier S, Alcaraz J-P, Holzinger M, Le Goff A, Gondran C, Boucher F, Giroud F, Gorgy K, Lamraoui H, Cinquin P (2013) Single glucose biofuel cells implanted in rats power electronic devices. Sci Rep 2013:1516Ichi-Ribault SE, Alcaraz J-P, Boucher F, Boutaud B, Dalmolin R, Boutonnat J, Cinquin P, Zebda A, Martin DK (2018) Remote wireless control of an enzymatic biofuel cell implanted in a rabbit for 2 months. Electrochim Acta 269:360–366Bandodkar A (2017) Review—wearable biofuel cells: past, present and future. J Electrochem Soc 164(3):H3007–H3014Coman V, Ludwig R, Harreither W, Haltrich D, Gorton L, Ruzgas T, Shleev S (2010) A direct electron transfer-based glucose/oxygen biofuel cell operating in human serum. Fuel Cells 10(1):9–16Shoji K, Akiyama Y, Suzuki M, Nakamura N, Ohno H, Morishima K (2016) Biofuel cell backpacked insect and its application to wireless sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 78:390–395Reuillard B, Abreu C, Lalaoui N, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Ondel O, Buret F, Cosnier S (2015) One-year stability for a glucose/oxygen biofuel cell combined with pH reactivation of the laccase/carbon nanotube biocathode. Bioelectrochemistry 106:73–76Sales FCPF, Iost RM, Martins MVA, Almeida MC, Crespilho FN (2013) An intravenous implantable glucose/dioxygen biofuel cell with modified flexible carbon fiber electrodes. Lab Chip 13:468Falk M, Narvez Villarrubia CW, Babanova S, Atanassov P, Shleev S (2013) Biofuel cells for biomedical applications: colonizing the animal kingdom. ChemPhysChem 14:2045–2058Rasmussen M, Ritzmann RE, Lee I, Pollack AJ, Scherson D (2012) An implantable biofuel cell for a live insect. J Am Chem Soc 134(3):1458–1460Halámková L, Halámek J, Bocharova V, Szczupak A, Alfonta L, Katz E (2012) Implanted biofuel cell operating in a living snail. J Am Chem Soc 134:5040–5043Cinquin P, Gondran C, Giroud F, Mazabrard S, Pellisier A, Boucher F, Alcaraz J-P, Gorgy K, Lenouvel F, Mathé S, Porcu P, Cosnier S (2010) A glucose biofuel cell implanted in rats. Plos One 5(5):e010476Chen C, Xie Q, Yang D, Xiao H, Fu Y, Tan S, Yao S (2013) Recent advances in electrochemical glucose biosensors: a review. RSC Adv 3:4473–4491Andoralov V, Falk M, Suyatin DB, Granmo M, Sotres J, Ludwig R, Popov VO, Schouenborg J, Blum Z, Shleev S (2013) Biofuel cell based on microscale nanostructured electrodes with inductive coupling to rat brain neuronsVerbeek MM, Leen WG, Willemsen MA, Slats D, Claassen JA (2016) Hourly analysis of cerebrospinal fluid glucose shows large diurnal fluctuations. J Cereb Blood F Met 36(5):899–902González-Guerrero MJ, Del Campo FJ, Esquivel JP, Leech D, Sabaté N (2017) Paper-based microfluidic biofuel cell operating under glucose concentrations within physiological range. Biosens Bioelectron 90:475–480Takeuchi ES, Leising RA (2002) Lithium batteries for biomedical applications. MRS Bull 27(8):624–627Bock DC, Marschilok A, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES (2012) Batteries used to power implantable biomedical devices. Electrochim Acta 84:155–164Greatbatch W, Lee JH, Mathias W, Eldridge M, Moser JR, Schneider AA (1971) The solid-state lithium battery: a new improved chemical power source for implantable cardiac pacemaker. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 18(5):317–324Liu Y, Dong S (2007) A biofuel cell with enhanced power output by grape juice. Electrochem Commun 9(7):1423–1427Choi S, Lee H, Ghaffari R, Hyeon T, Kim D-H (2016) Recent advances in flexible and stretchable bio-electronic devices integrated with nanomaterials. Adv Mater 28:4203–4218Zhou L, Mao J, Ren Y, Han ST, Roy VAL, Zhou Y (2018) Recent advances of flexible data storage devices based on organic nanoscale materials. Small 14(10):1703126Gwon H, Kim H-S, Lee KU, Seo D-H, Park YC, Lee Y-S, Ahn BT, Kong K (2011) Flexible energy storage devices based on graphene paper. Energy Environ Sci 4:1277–1283Pang C, Lee C, Suh K-Y (2013) Recent advances in flexible sensors for wearable and implantable devices. J Appl Pol Sci 130:1429–1441Bandodkar AJ, Wang J (2014) Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review. Trends Biotech 32(7):363–371Bandodkar AJ, Uia W, Wang J (2015) Tatto-based wearable electrochemical devices: a review. Electroanalysis 27(3):562–572Reid RC, Minteer SD, Gale BK (2015) Contact lens biofuel cell tested in a synthetic tear solution. Biosens Bioelectron 68:142Falk M, Andoralov V, Blum Z, Sotres J, Suyatin DM, Ruzgas T, Arnebrant T, Shleev S (2012) Biofuel cells as a power source for electronic contact lenses. Biosens Bioelectron 37(1):38–45Falk M, Andoralov V, Silow M, Toscano MD, Shleev S (2013) Miniature biofuel cell as a potential power source for Glucose-sensing contact lenses. Anal Chem 85(13):6342–6348Reid R, Jones SR, Hickey DP, Minteer SD, Gale BK (2016) Modeling carbon nanotubes connectivity and surface activity in a contact lens biofuel cell. Electrochim Acta 203:30–40Blum Z, Pankratov D, Shleev S (2014) Powering electronic contact lenses: current achievements, challenges and perspective. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 9(4):269–273Xiao X, Siepenkoetter T, Conghaile PÓ, Leech D, Magner E (2018) Nanoporous gold-based biofuel cell on contact lenses. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(8):7107–7116Yang X-Y, Tian G, Jiang N, Su B-L (2012) Immobilization technology: a sustainable solution for biofuel cell design. Ener Environ Sci 5:5540–5563Mano N (2019) Engineering glucose oxidase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 128:218–240Mate DM, Gonzalez-Perez D, Falk M, Kittl R, Pita M, De Lacey LA, Ludwig R, Shleev S, Alcalde M (2013) Blood tolerant caccase by directed evolution. Chem Biol 20:223–231Zhang L, Carucci C, Reculusa S, Goudeau B, Lefrançois P, Gounel S, Mano N, Kuhn A (2019) Rational design of enzyme-modified electrodes for optimized bioelectrocatalytic activity. ChemElectroChem 6(19):4980–4984Arechederra MN, Addo PK, Minteer SD (2011) Poly(neutral red) as a NAD+ reduction catalyst and a NADH oxidation catalyst: towards the development of a rechargeable biobattery. Electrochim Acta 56:1585Yang Y, Wang ZL (2015) Hybrid energy cells for simultaneously harvesting multi-types of energies. NanoEnergy 14:245–256Hansen BJ, Liu Y, Yang R, Wang ZL (2010) Hybrid nanogenerator for concurrently harvesting biomechanical and biochemical energy. ACS Nano 4:3647Song K, Han JH,