Analisis Penerapan Sistem Antrian Model Multiple Channel Query System Atau M/M/S (Studi Kasus Pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Kanca Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung dan PT Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Kcp Teluk Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung)

PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Kanca Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung using a queuing system model of a multiple track or Multiple Channel Query System (M/M/S) with four person tellers. From the data processing, the highest number of customers waiting in the queue occurred in the period of 08.00-09.00 and 13.00-14.00 as many as 23.56 people with the longest average time spent by customers in the queue for 18.36 minutes. While the results of data processing using Multiple Channel Query System (M/M/S) model by increasing the number of tellers to five people, obtained the number of customers waiting in the queue occurred in the period of 08.00-09.00 and 13.00-14.00 as much as 1.67 people with time the longest average customer spent in the queue for 1.3 minutes. This shows that the performance of queuing system at counter teller of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Kanca Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung will increase if adding one teller by using the same queue system that is Multiple Channel Query System (M/M/S). PT Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Kcp Teluk Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung using a queuing system model of a single track or Single Channel Query System (M/M/1) with the number of one person teller. From the results of data processing, this model shows the highest number of customers waiting in the queue occurred in the period of 08:00 to 09:00, 10:00 to 11:00 and 13:00 to 14:00 as many as 19 people and the longest average time spent by customers in the queue for 60 minutes. From the results of data management using multiple track queuing system or Multiple Channel Query System (M/M/S), the number of customers waiting in the queue that occurred in the time period 08.00-09.00, 10.00-11.00 and 13.00-14.00 decreased by 17.77 person to 1.23 people and the longest average time spent by customers in the queue is reduced from 56.16 minutes to 0.87 minutes. This shows the performance of queuing system at PT Bank Syariah Mandiri counter (BSM) Kcp Teluk Teluk Betung Bandar Lampung will increase by using Multiple Channel Query System (M/M/S)

Health Promotion Activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas)

Background: Health promotion is one of Public Health Centre (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) essential health effort able to increase community health status. The purpose of this study was to describe health promotion activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas).Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using questionnaire as data collection instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to 24 Puskesmas in Bandung that were selected randomly using simple random sampling method. The process of questionnaire filling was performed by health promotion officer after informed consent was done. The variables were basic health promotion strategies, health promotion supports, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community.Results: Most of the Puskesmas showed that basic health promotion strategies, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community were already done. Support media that was mostly used was printed media while lectures was the most used method. Human resources practitioner and coordinator of health promotion were dominated by mid level health workers consists of midwife and nurse. This study showed that the majority of health promotion coordinator had underwint training and certificate related to health promotion. The availability of funds were possessed by 13 out of 24 sample. While, health promotion guideline were possessed by less than half of the sample.Conclusions: Health promotion is done in almost all sample. There is lack of health promotion support in the form of the availability of funds and guideline of health promotion method. [AMJ.2016;3(3):459–67]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.86

Association of CD4 cell counts and viral load with cystatin C level in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Background The ease of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved both survival rate and comorbidities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Impaired kidney function is one of the most common comorbidities of HIV. CD4 and viral load can be used to monitor HIV progression and to determine the effectiveness of ART. The most commonly used estimated-glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) technique is to use serum creatinine but often causes late detection of kidney dysfunction while serum cystatin increases at the beginning of the GFR decrease. This supports cystatin C serum as an early diagnostic tool to detect kidney function or biomarker early kidney disorders. Objective To evaluate a possible association between serum cystatin C as a marker of kidney function and HIV progression through CD4 levels and viral load. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted through evaluation of secondary data from medical and laboratory records of pediatric patients who had routine visits to the HIV Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, in January-February 2020. Results Sixty subjects were reviewed in the study. Median cystatin C-based eGFR was 28.1mL/minute/1.73m2. Subjects were categorized by viral load result into 40 copies/mL viral load group than the <40 copies/mL group [2.4 (range 0.26–13.61) mg/L]. The median absolute CD4 count, CD4 percentage, and cystatin C were 776 (range 7–1644) cells/mm3, 27.5 (range 1.6–57.4) %, and 3 (range 0.26–13.61) mg/L, respectively. There were no significant correlations (r=-0.2; P=0.1) between CD4 and serum cystatin C  Conclusion Higher viral load associates with higher cystatin C level, while CD4 shows no correlation to cystatin C. However, patients with low CD4 tend to have increased cystatin C level

Pengaruh Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Terhadap Kadar Calprotectin Feses sebagai Penanda Inflamasi Intestinal pada Bayi Kurang Bulan

Latar belakang. Bayi kurang bulan (BKB) berisiko mengalami inflamasi intestinal akibat imaturitas fungsi saluran cerna. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan pro-kontra probiotik yang dapat menurunkan kejadian penyakit inflamasi intestinal pada BKB, seperti enterokolitis nekrotikans dan sepsis. Pengukuran calprotectin feses sebagai penanda penyakit inflamasi merupakan metode noninvasif, cepat, dan mudah dilakukan. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 terhadap kadar calprotectin feses pada BKB. Metode. Penelitian eksperimental acak terkontrol pada BKB yang lahir di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama bulan Maret sampai Juni 2018. Kelompok probiotik diberikan Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 selama 14 hari dan kelompok kontrol diberikan plasebo. Kadar calprotectin feses diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Calprotectin diperiksakan menggunakan metode enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank, tingkat kemaknaan hasil uji ditentukan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05. Hasil. Empat puluh bayi diikutsertakan, 4 di antaranya mengalami dropout. Tiga puluh enam bayi yang dianalisis terbagi menjadi kelompok probiotik (n=18) dan nonprobiotik (n=18). Karakteristik dasar tidak berbeda antara kedua kelompok. Sebelum perlakuan, kadar calprotectin feses kedua kelompok tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p=0,88). Kadar calprotectin feses kelompok probiotik lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok nonprobiotik setelah perlakuan (p<0,001). Kesimpulan. Pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 dapat menurunkan kadar calprotectin feses

Correlation between Gross Motor Function Classification System and Communication Function Classification System in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of movement and posture disorder commonly accompanied by comorbidities such as sensation, cognition, communication abnormalities and many more. This study aimed to identify the correlation between gross motor function(measured by Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS) and communication function (measured by Communication Function Classification System, CFCS) in children with CP.Methods: Thirty six children with CP aged 0–12 years were examined. Samples were taken from Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung on September to October 2015. Patients’ descriptive data, levels of GMFCS and CFCS were collected by the researcher and residents previously standardized. Kendall’s tau b correlation coefficient was used to analyze the inter-relationship between the GMFCS and CFCS.Results: Levels of GMFCS and CFCS in all samples were moderately correlated (r=0.405; p=0.004). In patients with spastic quadripledic type, correlation were found moderate(r=0.495; p=0.014). No significant correlation was found when CP spastic quadriplegic patients were excluded (r=0.048, p=0.829).Conclusions: Levels of GMFCS and CFCS should be described to provide the complete gross motor and communication picture of CP children.Gross motor function in a child with spastic quadriplegic CP might be correctly predicted from his/ her communication function and vice versa. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.109

Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak

Latar belakang. Sekitar 80% Infeksi Saluran Kemih yang didapat di rumah sakit yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kateter urin atau catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Beberapa faktor risiko dianggap memengaruhi kejadian CAUTI. Hingga saat ini, prevalensi CAUTI pasien anak di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin belum tercatat dan pola kuman penyebab CAUTI serta sensitivitas antibiotik dapat bervariasi antar rumah sakit. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi catheter-associated urinary tract infection di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin dan menganalisis faktor risiko yang menyebabkannya. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan metode kasus-kontrol menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien yang terpasang kateter urin, dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin tahun 2017-2019, baik terdiagnosis CAUTI maupun tidak terdiagnosis CAUTI. Hasil. Sebanyak 138 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian, kemudian dikelompokkan masing-masing 69 pasien kriteria kasus dan kontrol. Sebagian besar subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Usia terbanyak adalah 11-18 tahun (33,3%) pada kelompok kasus dengan status gizi normal (50,7%). Dari enam faktor risiko yang diteliti hanya satu yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna yaitu diagnosis awal saat dirawat (sepsis). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi CAUTI cukup tinggi. terutama terkait dengan diagnosis awal sepsis. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan dan pemeriksaan rutin kultur urin dianjurkan untuk diagnosis dan terapi yang efektif

Correlation between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Immature-to-total Neutrophil (I/T) Ratio to Bacterial Infection among Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children has a long-lived impact, such as an increased risk of bacterial infection. Infection may accelerate disease progression, making early detection crucial. Inflammatory markers typically used for bacterial infection are C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT). This study aimed to determine the correlation between levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immature-to-total-neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio) to bacterial infection in children with CKD as indicated by the serum levels of CRP and PCT.Methods: Observational analysis with a cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2019 to November 2021 in children from 3 months to 18 years old with CKD and bacterial infection.  Retrospective data were obtained from medical records at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Correlation analysis was performed (SPSS program) at a 95% confidence level, and results were considered significant if the p-value 0.05) and NLR (r=0,188; p>0.05) to CRP.Conclusions: NLR and I/T ratios have a significant positive correlation with PCT levels but not with CRP levels. NRL and I/T ratios can be considered as alternative markers for diagnosing CKD in children with a bacterial infection

Correlation between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Immature-to-total Neutrophil (I/T) Ratio to Bacterial Infection among Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children has a long-lived impact, such as an increased risk of bacterial infection. Infection may accelerate disease progression, making early detection crucial. Inflammatory markers typically used for bacterial infection are C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT). This study aimed to determine the correlation between levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immature-to-total-neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio) to bacterial infection in children with CKD as indicated by the serum levels of CRP and PCT.Methods: Observational analysis with a cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2019 to November 2021 in children from 3 months to 18 years old with CKD and bacterial infection.  Retrospective data were obtained from medical records at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Correlation analysis was performed (SPSS program) at a 95% confidence level, and results were considered significant if the p-value 0.05) and NLR (r=0,188; p>0.05) to CRP.Conclusions: NLR and I/T ratios have a significant positive correlation with PCT levels but not with CRP levels. NRL and I/T ratios can be considered as alternative markers for diagnosing CKD in children with a bacterial infection

Health Promotion Activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas)

Background: Health promotion is one of Public Health Centre (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) essential health effort able to increase community health status. The purpose of this study was to describe health promotion activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas).Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using questionnaire as data collection instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to 24 Puskesmas in Bandung that were selected randomly using simple random sampling method. The process of questionnaire filling was performed by health promotion officer after informed consent was done. The variables were basic health promotion strategies, health promotion supports, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community.Results: Most of the Puskesmas showed that basic health promotion strategies, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community were already done. Support media that was mostly used was printed media while lectures was the most used method. Human resources practitioner and coordinator of health promotion were dominated by mid level health workers consists of midwife and nurse. This study showed that the majority of health promotion coordinator had underwint training and certificate related to health promotion. The availability of funds were possessed by 13 out of 24 sample. While, health promotion guideline were possessed by less than half of the sample.Conclusions: Health promotion is done in almost all sample. There is lack of health promotion support in the form of the availability of funds and guideline of health promotion method. [AMJ.2016;3(3):459–67]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.86

HIBAH BINA DESA PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DAN INDUSTRI KERAJINAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN LEMPAKE

The aim of the Village Development Grant Program is to make efforts to empower the Lempake village community to use water hyacinth processing technology as animal feed and home industry in order to reduce sedimentation of Benanga reservoirs and increase the productivity of the community of Lempake village. Factors that trigerring this activity are the low of knowledge and skill data of comunity to optimize the potention of water hyacinth that become one of the keys in the reservoir in the kelurahan where the activity is located. Target Activities This Village Development Grant is a PKK group from the Lempake Village and the Subur Livestock Group. The main method in this activity is training and monitoring. Water hyacinth processing training produces several types of crafts (bags, tissue boxes and pillows) and the formation of community business groups, Egona Mulawarman. Meanwhile, to train feed cattle, water hyacinth using to make silage. The working relationships that exist include the City of Samarinda Industry Agency, and the Samarinda City Agriculture Service.Keywords : Empowerment, Water Hyacinth, Village Development Grants Program, handicrafts and silage