Clinical Manifestation Of The Carious Process In Children Between 0 And 5 Years Of Age Diagnosed With Nephrotic Syndrome

Заболяването нефротичен синдром се среща предимно във възрастта от 1 до 6 години. Отличава се с висок риск от рецидиви и се повлиява благоприятно от имуносупресивни средства. Съществен параклиничен показател е намаление на концентрацията на серумния калций за сметка на белтъчносвързания. Касае се за продължително заболяване, криещо потенциални опасности от евентуални усложнения, произлизащи както от естеството на самото заболяване, така и на лечението. Оценяването на риска от кариес допуска преценка на вероятността от появата на нови кариозни лезии или кариозни петна в рамките на определен период. По-уязвими се оказват децата на по-малка възраст, тези страдащи от общи заболявания с хроничен ход, както и тези с ограничен достъп до комплексни, пълноценни дентални грижи. Високият риск от кариес във възрастовия диапазон от 0 до 5 години корелира с регистриране минимум на една от следните характеристики: детето е с повече от една кариозни, липсващи или обтурирани зъбни повърхности; детето е с активни лезии тип „бяло петно” или емайлови дефекти; детето е със завишено микробно число на Streptococcus Mutans в устната кухина. Целта на настоящото проучване е да се установи клиничната манифестация на кариозния процес при деца от 0 до 5-годишна възраст с диагностициран нефротичен синдром. Обект на изследване са участници с временно съзъбие. Най-голям брой кариозни лезии, а именно 10, е отчетен сред 25% от принадлежащите към групата деца с нефротичен синдром. Максималният брой кариозни петна, а именно 10, е констатиран също сред 25% от изследваните представители на групата. Регистрираните патологични находки налагат необходимостта от регулярни посещения при дентален медик, с оглед реализиране на професионални орално-хигиенни процедури, съчетани с програми за мотивация и ремотивация.Nephrotic syndrome affects predominantly children between 1 and 6 years of age. The disease is characterized with high level of risk of recurrence. Symptoms can be overcome and controlled by application of immunosuppressive therapy. Reduction of the serum concentration of calcium at the expense of the protein-connected compounds of calcium is an essential paraclinical finding. The nephrotic syndrome is a prolonged excretory system disorder, marked by potentials of eventual complications, related to the nature of the disease and specifics of treatment. Caries risk evaluation ensures precise registration of newly occurring carious lesions or white spots of demineralization for a specific period of time. It has been established that more susceptible to carious lesions are children of younger age, these suffering from chronic common health disorders, as well as these with limited access to complex, adequate to the individual needs, dental care. The high risk of caries in the interval between 0 and 5 years of age correlates to the registration of a minimum of one of these traits: children with more than one decayed, missing or filled tooth surfaces; children with active lesions of the type “white spot” or enamel defects; children with increased concentration of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. The aim of this study concerns the assessment of the clinical manifestation of the carious process in children up to the age of 5 with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. The subject of the investigation are patients with primary dentition. The greatest number of carious lesions, equal to 10, has been recorded among 25% of all the included patients with kidney disorder. The maximum number of “white spots”, namely 10, has been established in 25% of all the children involved with common health disorder of nephrotic syndrome. The persisting pathological findings correspond to the necessity of regular dental visits for performance of professional oral hygiene procedures, combined with programs for motivation and re-motivation

Variations of carbohydrate nutrition and impact upon oral health in children with excretory system disorders

The frequent consumption of sugar-containing foods and drinks stimulates and intensifies the progression of caries in the different periods of childhood. In the context of the ecological plaque hypothesis the initiation of carious process is related to a disturbance of the homeostasis in the oral cavity and metabolic disorder of resident microbial flora. It is associated with abnormal accumulation of plaque upon tooth surfaces, uncontrolled sugar intakes, and dynamic fluctuations and decrease of salivary pH. The onset and progression of the general health, including with location along excretory system, correlate with the necessity of frequent hospitalizations. The efforts of physicians, parents and children are concentrated solely on the somatic disorder. Patients are overburdened with trying to cope with specific medication programs and the restrictions of the dietary regime. As a consequence, drastic deterioration of the oral health status can occur. The aim of the study is to analyze variations of carbohydrate nutrition and their impact on oral health in children suffering from kidney disorders. Subject of the research are children with diagnosed pyelonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, as well as a control group of healthy children. We implemented clinical, para-clinical, sociological and statistical methods in the study. Children with diagnosed nephrotic syndrome are characterized by the greatest number of non-cavity and cavity carious lesions, as well as with the lowest value of salivary pH. Among these participants are recorded the highest levels of indicators of gingival status, respectively.In our investigation among children with kidney diseases, particularly these with nephrotic syndrome, the limiting of protein consumption is compensated by high frequency of sugar intake, including such rich in starch. Complex carbohydrates are characterized by a considerable potential for adhesion on tooth surfaces, especially into interdental spaces and gingiva. This is related to a very high risk of tooth decay. We should not neglect also the harmful effects of interactions between saccharides and compound sugars in order to ensure efficient maintenance of oral health in conditions of kidney disorders

Interrelationship between Various Factors and Multi-Focal Caries at Different Childhood Periods

Introducton. Indiscriminate consumption of sugar-containing foods and drinks, unsatisfactory oral hygiene, lacking or insufficient intake of topical fluorides as a form of exogenous fluoride prophylaxis are some of the most significant factors leading to the initiation and progression of dental caries.Aim. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of various factors on the clinical manifestation of multi-focal caries in children.Materials and methods. Children without common health disorders are included in the study. Clinical and epidemiological indicators and environmental factors are implemented for the evaluation of the caries process.Results. The prevailing participants in the study about childhood tooth decay are families of average socio-economic status. The higher frequency of carious lesions among children is associated with poor oral hygiene and uncontrolled carbohydrate intake, often combined with gingival inflammation.Conclusion. The results confirm the behavioral nature of tooth decay

The Effects of Precocious Puberty on Oral Health: A Case Report

Introduction. The elevated rate of steroid sexual hormones during puberty affects the inflammatory response of the gingival tissue. Complex biological reactions performed at that level cause exaggerated gingival inflammation, not corresponding to the relatively small amount of dental plaque.Aim. Estimation of the oral-dental status of a child diagnosed with precocious puberty.Materials and methods. A clinical case of a female at the age of 10 diagnosed with precocious puberty. Epidemiological and clinical indicators are applied.Results. Based on the results of the three clinical parameters obtained (PLI, GI, and PBI), we have concluded that it is a case of moderately generalized plaque-associated gingival inflammation, which is clinically manifested in conditions of precocious puberty.Conclusion. Oral health optimization necessitates complex care delivered through an interdisciplinary approach

Significance of non-clinical parameters for the clinical manifestation of non-cavitated carious lesions in children with nephrotic syndrome

Introduction: Recently the scientific interest towards the impact of socioeconomic conditions and environmental specifics upon the level of health-related culture of parents, efficiency of the implemented health care for the oral-dental status of their children, oral health promotion on individual and social level has been increasing considerably.Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate the significance of non-clinical parameters for the clinical manifestation of D1b non-cavitated carious lesions in children with nephrotic syndrome.Materials and Methods:  The study has used a clinical method of recording the non-cavitated clinically manifested D1b carious lesions of each participant from both of the examined groups – children with nephrotic syndrome and clinically healthy children. Using the documentary method of an enquiry data about the socioeconomic status of the family, educational qualification of parents, frequency of dental visits of children, and frequency of dental visits of parents were acquired. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the role and significance of non-clinical parameters and the common health status for the initiation of the carious process

Investigation of the interrelation between plaque level and tooth decay in children with nephrotic syndrome in the period of mixed dentition

The early onset of carious destruction of hard teeth tissues definitely increases the risk of caries at older age. The insufficient level of oral hygiene around a tooth affected by caries induces the corresponding effect of gingival inflammation. Primary teeth affected by caries carry the potential risk of developmental and structural disturbances of their permanent successors.The aim of this study is characterization of the interrelation between dental plaque levels and tooth decay in children with nephrotic syndrome in the period of mixed dentition.In the investigation are included children with diagnosed nephrotic syndrome and a control group of healthy participants. Implemented clinical methods, epidemiological research and graphics design have been used. In 16.85% of the children with mixed dentition and diagnosed renal disorders the epidemiological index of dft varies in the range between 86% to 100%, at the expense of afflicted by caries and complicated carious lesions primary teeth, as well as, already treated deciduous teeth. Among children suffering from nephrotic syndrome from 6 to 12 years old established a minimum value of PLI=1.32 and maximum level of PLI= 2.68 are established. We have registered a minimum level of the gingival index GI equal to 0.91 and a maximum value of GI=2.05. Concerning children without common health disorders a minimum rate of PLI=0.14 and maximum level of PLI=2.14 are registered. These participants are characterized with fluctuations of the index of GI in the range between 0.00 and 1.68. Optimization of oral hygiene procedures in domestic conditions is related to intensive, thorough and profound training of parents and children by dental medicine doctors. There is a great necessity of performance of motivation programs in the context of oral health promotion

Risk and protective factors for tooth decay in mixed dentition of children with nephrotic syndrome

When in norm saliva ensures the maintenance of the dynamic balance, homeostasis, and protects the hard and soft tissues in oral cavity. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of risk and protective factors on tooth decay in mixed dentition of children with diagnosed nephrotic syndrome. More than three times higher is the ratio of the healthy participants with intact permanent teeth in comparison to the patients with renal disorder. More than five times greater is the ratio of patients with established critical level of pH compared to the healthy children. It has been established that the ratio of healthy participants with high value of salivary nitrites definitely exceeds the ratio of children with nephrotic syndrome based on the same criterion. Risk factors predominate over protective factors for tooth decay among the examined children with nephrotic syndrome

Effects of the application of some anti-epileptic medicines on the oral-dental health of children. A case report

Introduction: It has been established that 30% to 50% of children with autism suffer from epilepsy. Its proper management and efficient control requires the application of anti-epileptic drugs.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of some anti-epileptic drugs on oral health in childhood age.Material and Methods: A male child at the age of 8 years with a mixed dentition, with diagnosed autism and epilepsy was examined. The following diagnostic indicators were used: dft/DMFT, PLI, GI, PBI, as well as an enquiry.Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the role of the individual general health and the influence of anti-convulsant therapy on the oral-dental state under conditions of autism and diagnosed epilepsy

Impact of behavioral factors upon caries risk in children suffering from pyelonephritis and nephrotic syndrome

Зъбният кариес се детерминира като мултифакторно заболяване с инфекциозна и поведенческа природа. Целта на настоящото проучване е оценяване на влиянието на поведенчески фактори върху риска от зъбен кариес при деца, страдащи от пиелонефрит и нефротичен синдром. Обект на проучване са 116 лица в детска възраст от двата пола (от 0 до 18 години) с диагностицирани бъбречни заболявания пиелонефрит (92 пациенти) и нефротичен синдром (24 пациенти). Приложени са анкетни и статистически методи. Констатира се слаба или умерена корелация между изследваните фактори и зъбния кариес. Можем да заключим, че с по-висок риск за зъбен кариес са участниците в изследването с диагноза нефротичен синдром.Tooth decay is a multi-factorial disease, characterized with infectious and behavioral nature. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of behavioral patterns upon caries risk in children suffering from pyelonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. The subject of the investigation are 116 males and females aged from 0 to 18 years with diagnosed excretory system disorders- 92 of the participants with pyelonephritis and 24 of the children with nephrotic syndrome. Inquiry and statistical methods were implemented. Slight to moderate correlation between the investigated factors and tooth decay has been established. It can be concluded that participants with diagnosed nephrotic syndrome are characterized with higher degree of tooth decay risk