2 research outputs found
Updating and external validation of a surgical site infection risk-index tool
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent an important threat in surgical settings as they are associated with significant clinical and economic burden, on a patient and societal level. Due to the increasing emergence of resistant bacteria, focus must be shifted to SSI prevention as opposed to therapeutic intervention following SSI development. We therefore created the JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool, which identifies low-, moderate- and high-risk SSI patients. Following development of the risk tool, this study aimed to update and validate the model using an external population.Methods: This retrospective study utilized surgical patient-level data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2012 and 2014. Discrimination, calibration and overall fit of the original model were assessed with the aid of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, calibration plot, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Brier score. Twelve updating methods were conducted. The final JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool was selected following the comparison of discrimination, calibration and overall fit of the updated tools. Variable score values were calculated for all included risk factors. Threshold values were established with ROC analysis. The discrimination, calibration and overall fit of the final JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the relative rate of observed SSIs in moderate and high-risk patients in comparison to the low-risk group.Results: The external population included 1,459,481 patients of which 3.4% developed an SSI. The original risk tool yielded an AUC = 0.657, sensitivity = 79.6%, specificity = 58.3%, calibration slope = 0.37 and intercept = 0.02, a Hosmer-Lemeshow p Ë 0.001 and mean (SD) Brier score = 0.0331 (0.1606). Among the twelve updating methods assessed, the tool produced by Method 11, which solely included the risk factors with an odds ratio (OR) above 1.5 when associated with SSIs, had the highest predictive accuracy [mean (SD) Brier score = 0.0318 (0.1602)], and was thusly retained as the final JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool. The SSI predictors included: discharge destination other than home (OR = 1.732; 16 points); surgery duration above 3 hours (OR = 2.139; 19 points); inpatient status (OR = 2.690; 24 points); general, gynecologic, otolaryngologic, thoracic or urologic surgery (OR = 2.525; 22 points); and Class III contaminated or Class IV dirty/ infected operative wound (OR = 2.169; 19 points). Following ROC analysis, threshold values of 42.997 and 58.468 were selected, therefore patients with scores of 0-42, 43-58 and 59-100 points had a low, moderate and high SSI risk, respectively. The final JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool demonstrated superior discrimination, calibration and overall fit than the original risk tool. As per the established threshold values, 60.7%, 21.6% and 17.8% of patients had a low, moderate and high SSI risk of which 1.4%, 3.7% and 9.9% of patients developed an SSI, respectively. Patients with a moderate and high risk were 2.776 and 7.919 times more likely to develop an SSI, respectively, when compared to low-risk patients (both p Ë 0.001).Conclusion: This study updated and externally validated the JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool in a large external population. Applicability and implementation of this validated tool in surgical settings is henceforth advised to assist the decision-making of healthcare professionals during the identification of patients with an increased SSI risk.Introduction: Les infections du site opĂ©ratoire (ISOs) reprĂ©sentent une menace sĂ©rieuse dans les milieux chirurgicaux car elles sont associĂ©es Ă un fardeau clinique et Ă©conomique important, au niveau du patient et de la sociĂ©tĂ©. En raison de l'Ă©mergence croissante de bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes, l'accent doit ĂȘtre dĂ©placĂ© vers la prĂ©vention des ISOs par opposition Ă l'intervention thĂ©rapeutique suite Ă leur dĂ©veloppement. Nous avons donc crĂ©Ă© l'outil de risque âJSS-SSI Risk Scoring Toolâ, qui identifie des patients avec un risque faible, modĂ©rĂ© et haut dâatteindre un ISO. Ă la suite du dĂ©veloppement de l'outil de risque, cette Ă©tude visait Ă mettre Ă jour et Ă valider le modĂšle avec une population externe.MĂ©thodes: Cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective a utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es chirurgicales du Programme National d'AmĂ©lioration de la QualitĂ© Chirurgicale de 2012 Ă 2014. La discrimination, l'Ă©talonnage et l'ajustement global du modĂšle original ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s Ă l'aide de la zone caractĂ©ristique de fonctionnement du rĂ©cepteur (Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC) sous la courbe (Area Under the Curve, AUC), de la sensibilitĂ©, de la spĂ©cificitĂ©, du graphique d'Ă©talonnage, le test Hosmer-Lemeshow et le score Brier. Douze mĂ©thodes de mise Ă jour ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es. L'outil final JSS-SSI Risk Scoring Tool a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ© suite Ă la comparaison de la discrimination, de l'Ă©talonnage et de l'ajustement global des douze outils. Les valeurs de score variable ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es pour chaque facteur de risque inclus. Les valeurs de seuil ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablies avec l'analyse ROC. La discrimination, l'Ă©talonnage et l'ajustement global de l'outil final ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Une rĂ©gression logistique multivariĂ©e a Ă©valuĂ© le taux relatif dâISOs observĂ©es chez les patients Ă risque modĂ©rĂ© et Ă©levĂ© par rapport au groupe Ă faible risque.RĂ©sultats: La population externe comprenait 1 459 481 patients dont 3,4% ont dĂ©veloppĂ© une ISO. L'outil de risque original a gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© un AUC = 0,657, sensibilitĂ© = 79,6%, spĂ©cificitĂ© = 58,3%, pente d'Ă©talonnage = 0,37 et interception = 0,02, Hosmer-Lemeshow p Ë 0,001 et moyenne (SD) score Brier = 0,0331 (0,1606). Parmi les douze mĂ©thodes de mise Ă jour, l'outil produit par la MĂ©thode 11, qui comprenait uniquement les facteurs de risque avec un rapport de cotes (OR) supĂ©rieur Ă 1.5, avait la plus grande prĂ©cision prĂ©dictive [score de Brier moyen (SD) = 0.0318 (0.1602)], et a donc Ă©tĂ© retenu comme outil de risque final. Les prĂ©dicteurs dâISOs comprenaient: destination de sortie autre que la maison (OR = 1,732; 16 points); durĂ©e de la chirurgie supĂ©rieure Ă 3 heures (OR = 2,139; 19 points); statut d'hospitalisation (OR = 2,690; 24 points); chirurgie gĂ©nĂ©rale, gynĂ©cologique, otolaryngologique, thoracique ou urologique (OR = 2,525; 22 points); et blessure opĂ©ratoire Classe III contaminĂ©e ou IV sale/ infectĂ©e (OR = 2,169; 19 points). Ă la suite de l'analyse ROC, des valeurs de seuil de 42,997 et 58,468 ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es, donc les patients avec des scores de 0-42, 43-58 et 59-100 points ont un risque dâISO faible, modĂ©rĂ© et Ă©levĂ©, respectivement. L'outil final de risque JSS-SSI a dĂ©montrĂ© une discrimination, Ă©talonnage et l'ajustement global supĂ©rieurs que l'outil de risque d'origine. Selon les valeurs de seuil Ă©tablies, 60,7%, 21,6% et 17,8% des patients avaient un risque dâISO faible, modĂ©rĂ© et Ă©levĂ© dont 1,4%, 3,7% et 9,9% des patients ont dĂ©veloppĂ© une ISO, respectivement. Les patients prĂ©sentant un risque modĂ©rĂ© et Ă©levĂ© Ă©taient de 2,776 et 7,919 fois plus susceptibles de dĂ©velopper une ISO, respectivement, par rapport aux patients Ă faible risque (tous deux p < 0,001).Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude a mis Ă jour et validĂ© de maniĂšre externe l'outil de risque âJSS-SSI Risk Scoring Toolâ dans une population externe. L'applicabilitĂ© et la mise en Ćuvre de cet outil validĂ© en milieu chirurgical sont dĂ©sormais conseillĂ©es d'aider Ă la prise de dĂ©cision des professionnels de la santĂ© lors de l'identification des patients prĂ©sentant un risque accru dâISO