PENGUATAN KAPASITAS MANAJEMEN KELEMBAGAAN KOPERASI PADA KOPERASI WEAR MANUN MAJU DI OHOI EVU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA

The potential of marine and fishery resources owned by Indonesia is considered capable of supporting fish trading businesses with high economic value. One of the groups that run a marine and fisheries business is the Wear Manun Maju Joint Business Cooperative (KUB) which is located in Ohoi Village, Southeast Maluku. The potential of fisheries resources is quite abundant, including the potential of crabs in Ohoi Village, Southeast Maluku. Crab which is a potential resource is one of the goals of fishermen in the area, especially KUB Wear Manun Maju fishermen. The target of this outreach activity is to increase the institutional management capacity of the Wear Manun Maju cooperative. The extension method is carried out by the lecture and discussion method. Providing information to the KUB Wear Manun Maju cooperative regarding cooperative institutional management carried out through community service activities is expected to assist the management and members in developing cooperatives according to their respective duties and responsibilities and business planning in cooperatives so that every activity carried out can be directed towards welfare. its member

PENGELOLAAN SAPTA PESONA PADA WISATA TAMAN LAUT PULAU POMBO KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

The purpose of this study is to describe management related to planning, organizing, and supervising of Sapta Pesona in the Marine Natural Tourism Park Pombo Island, Central Maluku District which includes: security, order, beauty, cleanliness, coolness, friendliness, and memory. This research uses a descriptive approach with qualitative data. Data collection techniques were carried out by survey, interview, and observation methods. The sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method involving 3 employees of the Maluku Natural Resources Conservation Agency, 3 speedboat owners, and 4 people who are members of the community around Pombo Island, namely 2 people from Waai Village and 2 people from Tulehu Village. These two villages are villages that have access to Pombo Island. Research data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that: 1). Security is not good because there are no security officers either on the coast or in the Pombo Island area; 2). Orderliness is not good enough because there is no pier as a place to drop off tourists or a berth for used transportation; 3). The lack of facilities and infrastructure to support beauty and the lack of cleanliness in the tourist area makes the tourist object less beautiful; 4). The tourist attraction of Pombo Island is not clean because there is a lot of scattered garbage, and the lack of existing cleaning support facilities, such as the absence of a cleaning manager and no garbage disposal; 5). The Pombo Island tourism object is quite cool, but there are no facilities and infrastructure to support coolness because there is no resting place for tourists such as a gazebo; 6). the community which is the access point for heading to Pombo Island is quite good and friendly to tourists, especially in providing information for tourists; dan 7). Currently there is no provision of regional souvenirs for tourists, and regarding the activities of a particular event at a tourist attraction, beach parties are routinely held every year

ANALISIS PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL DAN VOLUME PENJUALAN IKAN ASAP DI NEGERI HATIVE KECIL KOTA AMBON

Fish is one of the foods that are rich in protein so it is good to be consumed every day, however, it is a perishable food commodity. One way to overcome this problem is through smoking, in order to provide durability and have a higher selling price. It is an important thing that producers must pay attention to in marketing smoked fish, because it will determine the profit earned for business continuity. The selling price level will affect the quantity of products sold because from the consumer's point of view the price is an indicator of the benefits to be obtained. This study aims to analyze the selling price of smoked fish at Hative Kecil Village and describe the trend of sales volume for the last seven months. Primary data was collected through interviews with 6 traders or producers who actively produce and sell smoked fish and analyzed using the calculation of the production cost using the full costing method and the calculation of selling price using the cost-plus pricing method. The result found that production cost of smoked fish is Rp. 40.920 per smoked fish and the selling price with a mark up of 10% is Rp. 45.000 per smoked fish. The highest sales volume in January was 700 smoked fish per month and the lowest was 280 smoked fish per month in July

PENDAPATAN NELAYAN PANCING ULUR DI KELURAHAN LESANE KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Fishing activities using Hand Rods in Lesane Village, Central Maluku Regency are the main source of income for the community. This research was carried out in May – June 2022, the location of this research was the hand line fishing business in Lesane Village, Central Maluku Regency. This research aims to analyze the income level of traditional fishermen in Lesan Village, Central Maluku Regency. The basic research method refers to the descriptive research method where research is carried out to determine the value of each variable, whether one or more independent variables without making relationships or comparisons with other variables. To analyze income data in the hand line fishing business, a quantitative data analysis method is used. The income of Lesane fishermen from this profit-sharing system can be explained simply, namely the total revenue from production minus production costs during fishing activities, which then results in the income of Lesane fishermen being obtained from agreed percentage or profit sharing, mathematically using the formula π = TR-TC. The results of this research show that the total income of traditional handline fishermen in Lesane Village, Central Maluku Regency is IDR 93,723,757. The highest income for fishermen is IDR 16,951,754. and the lowest is IDR 12,801,054. with the average income of hand-line fishermen in Lesane Village, Central Maluku Regency, namely IDR 15,620,626. The income of hand-line fishermen in Lesane Village, Central Maluku Regency is influenced by capital, labor, business experience and season

Willingness To Pay Masyarakat terhadap Pengolahan Sampah Ramah Lingkungan di TPA Dusun Toisapu Kota Ambon

Toisapu Village Landfills in Ambon has been established since 2003 using open dumping system in processing the waste. These activity has caused negative externalities for the people living around the landfill. This paper aimed to analyze the factors that affected people\u27s willingness to pay a higher levy for better waste management, the amount of the retribution to pay, and the closure of the operational costs through the analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) with four scenarios offered in the Baguala and Nusaniwe Regencies. The results showed that the factors affecting people\u27s willingness to pay a higher retribution in the Baguala and Nusaniwe regencies were the level of education and the distance between their home and landfill. The highest average of WTP in Baguala regency of biogas scenario was Rp 24.250/ KK/ month, and the lowest in the incineration scenario was Rp 20 804/ KK /month. While in the Nusaniwe regency, the highest average of WTP obtained was Rp 21 228/ KK/ month in composting scenario, and the lowest was of Rp 18 220/ KK/ month in sanitary landfill scenario. The value of society WTP obtained was the value of retribution to pay, and this value could cover the operational costs required to implement the four scenarios of waste management offered

Trend of Production and Income of Hand Line Fishermen in Tulehu Village, Central Maluku District

Hand line fishing business can contribute to fishermen's income. Still, this business is faced with risks and uncertainties in the amount of production, one of the factors causing it is the seasonal factor. The uncertainty of the amount of production will affect the amount of income fishermen receive. This study aimed to determine the production and income trends of hand-line fishermen in Tulehu Village, Central Maluku Regency, from September to December 2022. Primary data were collected through interviews with ten fishermen and analyzed using the business income equation. The results showed that the highest level of tuna (Thunnus sp) production in December was 690kg and the lowest in September was 299kg, while the highest income was IDR26.682.084 in December and the lowest was IDR11.850.084 in September

Willingness to Pay Masyarakat Terhadap Pengolahan Sampah Ramah Lingkungan di TPA Dusun Toisapu Kota Ambon

Toisapu Village Landfills in Ambon has been established since 2003 using open dumping system in processing the waste. These activity has caused negative externalities for the people living around the landfill. This paper aimed to analyze the factors that affected people's willingness to pay a higher levy for better waste management, the amount of the retribution to pay, and the closure of the operational costs through the analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) with four scenarios offered in the Baguala and Nusaniwe Regencies. The results showed that the factors affecting people's willingness to pay a higher retribution in the Baguala and Nusaniwe regencies were the level of education and the distance between their home and landfill. The highest average of WTP in Baguala regency of biogas scenario was Rp 24.250/ KK/ month, and the lowest in the incineration scenario was Rp 20 804/ KK /month. While in the Nusaniwe regency, the highest average of WTP obtained was Rp 21 228/ KK/ month in composting scenario, and the lowest was of Rp 18 220/ KK/ month in sanitary landfill scenario. The value of society WTP obtained was the value of retribution to pay, and this value could cover the operational costs required to implement the four scenarios of waste management offered

SOCIETY’S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DUSUN TOISAPU LANDFILL, AMBON DISTRICT

Waste is a national problem in Indonesia. This is related to the old paradigm of waste management which is only collected, transported, and disposed to the landfill. The same problem occured in Dusun Toisapu, Ambon. Since it’s establishment in 2003, Dusun Toisapu landfill used open dumping and it’s caused the increased negative externalities of environmental quality for the people who lives nearby. Ambon district officer has a new integratedwaste management in 2012 but the implementation is not going well because there was no sorting of waste (organic and anorganic) on source of waste. The governments finacial limitation causes the waste management services not running properly. Based on the results of research in Baguala and Nusaniwe, most people are willing to pay higher retribution for better services in Dusun Toisapu landfill with four scenarios. The highest average WTP in Baguala is Rp24.250,00/family/month for biogas scenario and the lowest is Rp20.804,00/family/month for incineration scenario. In Nusaniwe, it is obtained the highest average WTP is  p21.228,00/family/month for composting scenario and the lowest is Rp18.220,00/family/month for sanitary landfill scenario. Value of WTP from people can cover operational costs for implementing four waste management scenarios that offered

Modified Gravity and Cosmology

In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences. Amongst other things, we cover General Relativity, Scalar-Tensor, Einstein-Aether, and Bimetric theories, as well as TeVeS, f(R), general higher-order theories, Horava-Lifschitz gravity, Galileons, Ghost Condensates, and models of extra dimensions including Kaluza-Klein, Randall-Sundrum, DGP, and higher co-dimension braneworlds. We also review attempts to construct a Parameterised Post-Friedmannian formalism, that can be used to constrain deviations from General Relativity in cosmology, and that is suitable for comparison with data on the largest scales. These subjects have been intensively studied over the past decade, largely motivated by rapid progress in the field of observational cosmology that now allows, for the first time, precision tests of fundamental physics on the scale of the observable Universe. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference tool for researchers and students in cosmology and gravitational physics, as well as a self-contained, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject as a whole.Comment: 312 pages, 15 figure

Evolutionary Origins and Functions of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Marine Diatoms

Carotenoids are produced by all photosynthetic organisms, where they play essential roles in light harvesting and photoprotection. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of diatoms is largely unstudied, but is of particular interest because these organisms have a very different evolutionary history with respect to the Plantae and are thought to be derived from an ancient secondary endosymbiosis between heterotrophic and autotrophic eukaryotes. Furthermore, diatoms have an additional xanthophyll-based cycle for dissipating excess light energy with respect to green algae and higher plants. To explore the origins and functions of the carotenoid pathway in diatoms we searched for genes encoding pathway components in the recently completed genome sequences of two marine diatoms. Consistent with the supplemental xanthophyll cycle in diatoms, we found more copies of the genes encoding violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) enzymes compared with other photosynthetic eukaryotes. However, the similarity of these enzymes with those of higher plants indicates that they had very probably diversified before the secondary endosymbiosis had occurred, implying that VDE and ZEP represent early eukaryotic innovations in the Plantae. Consequently, the diatom chromist lineage likely obtained all paralogues of ZEP and VDE genes during the process of secondary endosymbiosis by gene transfer from the nucleus of the algal endosymbiont to the host nucleus. Furthermore, the presence of a ZEP gene in Tetrahymena thermophila provides the first evidence for a secondary plastid gene encoded in a heterotrophic ciliate, providing support for the chromalveolate hypothesis. Protein domain structures and expression analyses in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum indicate diverse roles for the different ZEP and VDE isoforms and demonstrate that they are differentially regulated by light. These studies therefore reveal the ancient origins of several components of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in photosynthetic eukaryotes and provide information about how they have diversified and acquired new functions in the diatoms