The Shade Tree Advice Tool

Key messages: Climate change adaptation for coffee and cocoa farming requires low cost and multipurpose solutions, such as shade trees. Selecting appropriate shade trees is paramount for maximizing tree-based ecosystem services while minimizing disservices. The shade tree advice tool presented here guides coffee and cocoa farmers on choosing shade trees whose ecosystem services will best meet their needs, based on fellow coffee farmers' local knowledge in their region

Pulmonary melioidosis in CAMBODIA: a prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Melioidosis is a disease caused by <it>Burkholderia pseudomallei </it>and considered endemic in South-East Asia but remains poorly documented in Cambodia. We report the first series of hospitalized pulmonary melioidosis cases identified in Cambodia describing clinical characteristics and outcomes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We characterized cases of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) that were identified through surveillance in two provincial hospitals. Severity was defined by systolic blood pressure, cardiac frequency, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. <it>B. pseudomallei </it>was detected in sputum or blood cultures and confirmed by API20NE gallery. We followed up these cases between 6 months and 2 years after hospital discharge to assess the cost-of-illness and long-term outcome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During April 2007 - January 2010, 39 ALRI cases had melioidosis, of which three aged ≤2 years; the median age was 46 years and 56.4% were males. A close contact with soil and water was identified in 30 patients (76.9%). Pneumonia was the main radiological feature (82.3%). Eleven patients were severe cases. Twenty-four (61.5%) patients died including 13 who died within 61 days after discharge. Of the deceased, 23 did not receive any antibiotics effective against <it>B. pseudomallei</it>. Effective drugs that were available did not include ceftazidime. Mean total illness-related costs was of US$65 (range$25-$5000). Almost two-thirds (61.5%) incurred debt and 28.2% sold land or other belongings to pay illness-related costs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The observed high fatality rate is likely explained by the lack or limited access to efficient antibiotics and under-recognition of the disease among clinicians, which led to inappropriate therapy.</p

Invasive Fungal Infections after CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study from the French Descart Registry

International audienc

Mitochondrial MDM2 regulates respiratory complex i activity independently of p53

International audienceAccumulating evidence indicates that the MDM2 oncoprotein promotes tumorigenesis beyond its canonical negative effects on the p53 tumor suppressor, but these p53-independent functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a fraction of endogenous MDM2 is actively imported in mitochondria to control respiration and mitochondrial dynamics independently of p53. Mitochondrial MDM2 represses the transcription of NADH-dehydrogenase 6 (MT-ND6) in vitro and in vivo, impinging on respiratory complex I activity and enhancing mitochondrial ROS production. Recruitment of MDM2 to mitochondria increases during oxidative stress and hypoxia. Accordingly, mice lacking MDM2 in skeletal muscles exhibit higher MT-ND6 levels, enhanced complex I activity, and increased muscular endurance in mild hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial MDM2 levels enhance the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Collectively, these data uncover a previously unsuspected function of the MDM2 oncoprotein in mitochondria that play critical roles in skeletal muscle physiology and may contribute to tumor progression

Pratiques de Corneille

« Corneille » n'existe pas. Telle est la bonne nouvelle de ce livre conçu lors du quatrième centenaire de la naissance de Pierre Corneille (juin 1606). Du moins n'existe plus guère, et on peut s'en réjouir, un Corneille statufié, monolithique, on serait tenté de dire de pierre... Mais si la statue de Corneille s'efface ici, c'est pour laisser place à un portrait diffracté, complexifié, résolument ancré surtout dans l'étude des pratiques concrètes dont l'œuvre de Pierre Corneille est à la fois le résultat et le point de départ : que fait Corneille, et que fait-on de lui, en son temps et après ? Telle est la question qui guide les analyses de cet ouvrage. « Il est facile aux spéculatifs d'être sévères », ironisait Corneille, invitant les doctes à mettre les règles « en pratique aussi heureusement » que lui-même l'avait fait (Discours des trois unités, 1660). Corneille, s'il est penseur ou poéticien, ne l'est en effet qu'au regard de pratiques, codifiées par des « arts » ou s'inventant à mesure, qui influent les uns sur les autres : comment s'articulent les pratiques de Corneille dramaturge, poéticien, mais aussi editor, paraphraste, académicien ou sujet du royaume de France ? Tissu d'actions d'autant moins séparées que le « champ littéraire » et l'expérience esthétique n'ont nullement acquis encore l'indépendance qu'ils revendiquent déjà. Comment retentissent sur l'œuvre le travail de la scène, les réactions du public, les jugements critiques, les réécritures et appropriations ? Tout en distinguant le temps de la réception de celui de la création, les six sections de l'ouvrage examinent de façon croisée les pratiques de Corneille et celles de son interprétation (théâtrale, critique) dans le temps, avec pour enjeu de restituer à l'œuvre de Corneille, dans sa diversité, sa dimension d'expérience

Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018)

International audienceThe French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.16 to 2.36/10,000 hospitalization days, P = 0.0562) in relation with an increase of fungemia incidence (1.03 to 1.19/10,000, P = 0.0023), while that of other IFDs remained stable. The proportion of ≥65-year-old patients increased from 38.4% to 45.3% (P 60% of the cases) with a global mortality rate of 42.5% and 59.3%, respectively, at 3 months and significant changes in diagnosis procedure over time. More concurrent infections were also diagnosed over time (from 5.4% to 9.4% for mold IFDs, P = 0.0115). In conclusion, we observed an aging of patients with IFD with a significant increase in incidence only for yeast fungemia, a trend toward more concurrent infections, which raises diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Overall, global survival associated with IFDs has not improved despite updated guidelines and new diagnostic tools.IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is hard to delineate given the difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis that is often based on the confrontation of clinical and microbiological criteria. The present report underlines the interest of active surveillance involving mycologists and clinicians to describe the global incidence and that of the main IFDs. Globally, although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis remained stable over the study period (2012 to 2018), that of yeast fungemia increased slightly. We also show here that IFDs seem to affect older people more frequently. The most worrisome observation is the lack of improvement in the global survival rate associated with IFDs despite the increasing use of more sensitive diagnostic tools, the availability of new antifungal drugs very active in clinical trials, and a still low/marginal rate of acquired in vitro resistance in France. Therefore, other tracks of improvement should be investigated actively