Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic. MetS is a serious health problem because of its related cardiovascular complications, which include hypertension and delayed heart rate recovery after exercise. The molecular bases of cardiac dysfunction in MetS are still under scrutiny and may be related to anomalies in the activity and expression of key proteins involved in the cardiac excitation–contraction coupling (ECC). The cardiac Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR2) participates in releasing Ca2+ from internal stores and plays a key role in the modulation of ECC. We examined alterations in expression, phosphorylation status, Ca2+ sensitivity, and in situ function (by measuring Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ transients) of RyR2; alterations in these characteristics could help to explain the Ca2+ handling disturbances in MetS cardiomyocytes. MetS was induced in rats by adding commercially refined sugar (30% sucrose) to their drinking water for 24 weeks. Cardiomyocytes of MetS rats displayed decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude and cell contractility at all stimulation frequencies. Quiescent MetS cardiomyocytes showed a decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency, amplitude, and spark-mediated Ca2+ leak. The [3H]-ryanodine binding data showed that functionally active RyRs are significantly diminished in MetS heart microsomes; and exhibited rapid Ca2+-induced inactivation. The phosphorylation of corresponding Ser2814 (a preferential target for CaMKII) of the hRyR2 was significantly diminished. RyR2 protein expression and Ser2808 phosphorylation level were both unchanged. Further, we demonstrated that cardiomyocyte Ca2+ mishandling was associated with reduced SERCA pump activity due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation, suggesting a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS hearts, though the SR Ca2+ load remained unchanged. The reduction in the phosphorylation level of RyR2 at Ser2814 decreases RyR2 availability for activation during ECC. In conclusion, the impaired in situ activity of RyR2 may also account for the poor overall cardiac outcome reported in MetS patients; hence, the SERCA pump and RyR2 are both attractive potential targets for future therapies

Maternal dietary patterns and acute leukemia in infants: results from a case control study in Mexico

BackgroundChildhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5–14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants.MethodsA hospital-based case–control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants.ResultsThe “Balanced & Vegetable-Rich” pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the “High Dairy & Cereals” Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Congenital intestinal stenosis and Hirschsprung’s disease: two extremely rare pathologies in a newborn puppy

Abstract Background Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). During fetal development, ganglion cells of the ENS are derived from neural crest cells that migrate to the bowel. These cells reside principally in two ganglionated plexus: 1) The myenteric plexus, extending from the esophagus to the anus, and 2) submucous plexus, extending from the duodenum to the anus. In large animal species, there is a third plexus called Henle’s or Schabadasch’s plexus. ENS ganglion cells play a key role in normal gastrointestinal motility, respond to sensory stimuli and regulate blood flow. Both plexus show a high degree of independence from the central nervous system. Alterations in the embryonic development of the ENS can induce multiple pathologies in animal models and humans. Case presentation The present case was a female the fifth born in a litter of 5 puppies. At about 2–3 weeks of age, she suffered from abdominal distension, pain, and constipation. At approximately 8–10 weeks of age, the puppy started to vomit abundantly, and the regurgitated food appeared undigested. Progressive abdominal distention was observed, with quite visible peristaltic movements and more frequent vomiting episodes. The abdominal radiographs, based on AP and side projections, revealed an enlargement of the abdominal diameter and an increased width in the epigastric region. At 12 weeks of age, exploratory surgery revealed a stenotic segment in the jejunum, followed by a small transition zone and then a significantly reduced diameter. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies against calretinin, S-100 protein, CD56, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin, which are the biological markers for diagnosing HSCR. Conclusion A reduced number of ganglion cells (1–3 cells per ganglion) were found. There was no specific staining pattern for many of these; while for others, the pattern was compatible with HSCR. Surgical intervention to remove the stenotic section prolonged the life of the puppy for 13 years. Extremely rare pathologies such as that discussed herein should be studied to understand the pathophysiology and be able to diagnose small species in veterinary medicine in a timely fashion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital intestinal stenosis and Hirschprung’s disease in a newborn puppy

Comunidade de algas marinhas da praia de Estrella, Isla Colon, Bocas del Toro, Panamá

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted on macroalgae species associated to roots of R. mangle in Playa Estrella, Colón Island, Bocas del Toro, Panama, in August 2012. The main objective of the study was to collect and describe algae species and know the vertical distribution formed in the roots. In order to know the algae vertical distribution, three zones were established in each root: the low zone going from the base of the root to 0.50 m in height, the average zone going from 0.50 m to 1.10 m, and the high zone from 1.10 to 1.30 m., based on Peña-Salamanca (2008). Eleven species of phylum Rhodophyta were identified, of which B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, P. howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera, and C. caespitosa were the most outstanding. In addition, three species of phylum Chlorophyta were collected and identified: C. linum, B. verticillata, and Chlorodesmis sp. Regarding the vertical distribution of algae in the roots, most of the species were in the lower and middle areas of the root, while only B. montagnei was in the upper part. The study is expected to contribute to the phycoflora knowledge of Panama’s Caribbean mangroves.Desarrollamos un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de las especies de macroalgas que crecen asociadas a las raíces de R. mangle en playa Estrella, isla Colón, Bocas del Toro, Panamá, en agosto de 2012. El objetivo principal del estudio fue recolectar y describir las especies de algas encontradas y conocer la distribución vertical que forman en sus raíces. Para conocer la zonación vertical, en cada raíz se crearon tres zonas: 1) zona baja, desde la base de la raíz hasta 0.50 m de altura, 2) zona media de 0.50 m a 1.10 m y 3) zona alta, de 1.10 a 1.30 m., de acuerdo con Peña-Salamanca (2008). Se identificaron once especies del phylum Rhodophyta, de las cuales B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, Polysiphonia howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera y C. caespitosa fueron las más sobresalientes. Del phylum Chlorophyta se recolectaron e identificaron tres especies: C. linum, B. verticillata y Chlorodesmis sp.  Respecto a la distribución vertical establecida por las algas en las raíces, la mayoría de especies se distribuyeron en las zonas baja y media y solamente el alga B. montagnei en la parte alta.  Con el estudio se espera contribuir al conocimiento de la ficoflora de los manglares del Caribe de Panamá.Desenvolvemos um estudo exploratório descritivo das espécies de macroalgas que crescem associadas às raízes de R. mangle na praia Estrella, Isla Colon, Bocas del Toro, Panamá, em agosto de 2012. O principal objetivo do estudo foi coletar e descrever as espécies de algas encontradas e compreender a distribuição vertical que formam em suas raízes. Para conhecer o zoneamento vertical, em cada raiz foram criadas três zonas: 1) zona baixa, da base da raiz até 0.50 m de altura, 2) zona média de 0.50 m a 1.10 m e 3) zona alta, de 1.10 a 1.30 m, de acordo com Peña-Salamanca (2008). Foram identificadas onze espécies do filo Rhodophyta, das quais B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, Polysiphonia howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera e C. caespitosa foram as mais destacadas. Do filo Chlorophyta, três espécies foram coletadas e identificadas: C. linum, B. verticillata e Chlorodesmis sp. Com relação à distribuição vertical estabelecida pelas algas nas raízes, a maioria das espécies foi distribuída nas áreas baixa e média e apenas as algas B. montagnei na parte alta. Espera-se que o estudo contribua para o conhecimento da ficoflora dos manguezais do Caribe do Panamá

Screening for antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus: Specificity of the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test

A screening of antibodies against strain M‐41 and the Dutch variant strains D‐274 and D‐1466 of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using the haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) was carried out in Chile. The presence of these variant strains has not been reported yet and therefore the probability of finding positive flocks is low. On this basis some statistical analysis were made with those data obtained in order to contribute to the problem of the specificity of the HI test for IBV diagnosis. All sera were distributed in different categories of possible results against each strain according with the HI titre obtained and employing different discrimination levels for a positive or negative status against IBV. It was concluded that discrimination levels varying from 4.0 to 5.0 log2 are useful for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies against IBV but if a serotype specific diagnosis is needed, then the discrimination level should be elevated, specially when secondary immune responses are measure

Comunidad de algas del manglar de playa Estrella, isla Colón, Bocas del Toro, Panamá

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted on macroalgae species associated to roots of R. mangle in Playa Estrella, Colón Island, Bocas del Toro, Panama, in August 2012. The main objective of the study was to collect and describe algae species and know the vertical distribution formed in the roots. In order to know the algae vertical distribution, three zones were established in each root: the low zone going from the base of the root to 0.50 m in height, the average zone going from 0.50 m to 1.10 m, and the high zone from 1.10 to 1.30 m., based on Peña-Salamanca (2008). Eleven species of phylum Rhodophyta were identified, of which B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, P. howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera, and C. caespitosa were the most outstanding. In addition, three species of phylum Chlorophyta were collected and identified: C. linum, B. verticillata, and Chlorodesmis sp. Regarding the vertical distribution of algae in the roots, most of the species were in the lower and middle areas of the root, while only B. montagnei was in the upper part. The study is expected to contribute to the phycoflora knowledge of Panama’s Caribbean mangroves.Desarrollamos un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de las especies de macroalgas que crecen asociadas a las raíces de R. mangle en playa Estrella, isla Colón, Bocas del Toro, Panamá, en agosto de 2012. El objetivo principal del estudio fue recolectar y describir las especies de algas encontradas y conocer la distribución vertical que forman en sus raíces. Para conocer la zonación vertical, en cada raíz se crearon tres zonas: 1) zona baja, desde la base de la raíz hasta 0.50 m de altura, 2) zona media de 0.50 m a 1.10 m y 3) zona alta, de 1.10 a 1.30 m., de acuerdo con Peña-Salamanca (2008). Se identificaron once especies del phylum Rhodophyta, de las cuales B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, Polysiphonia howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera y C. caespitosa fueron las más sobresalientes. Del phylum Chlorophyta se recolectaron e identificaron tres especies: C. linum, B. verticillata y Chlorodesmis sp.  Respecto a la distribución vertical establecida por las algas en las raíces, la mayoría de especies se distribuyeron en las zonas baja y media y solamente el alga B. montagnei en la parte alta.  Con el estudio se espera contribuir al conocimiento de la ficoflora de los manglares del Caribe de Panamá