Opopaea.

156 pages : illustrations, maps ; 26 cm. Part of the Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/)The Opopaea fauna of Madagascar is documented for the first time. There are 27 species of Opopaea on the island of which 26 are newly described here and 25 are apparently endemic to Madagascar: Opopaea andranomay, n. sp., O. ankarafantsika, n. sp., O. ankarana, n. sp., O. antsalova, n. sp., O. andringitra, n. sp., O. antsiranana, n. sp., O. bemarivo, n. sp., O. bemaraha, n. sp., O. berenty, n. sp., O. betioky, n. sp., O. itampolo, n. sp., O. kirindy, n. sp., O. manderano, n. sp., O. mahafaly, n. sp., O. manongarivo, n. sp., O. namoroka, n. sp., O. sandranantitra, n. sp., O. torotorofotsy, n. sp., O. tsimaloto, n. sp., O. tsimbazaza, n. sp., O. tsimembo, n. sp., O. tsinjoriaky, n. sp., O. tsingy, n. sp., O. vohibazaha, n. sp., O. foulpointe, n. sp. and O. maroantsetra, n. sp. (shared with Kenya and the Comoros Islands), and O. concolor (Blackwall, 1859), a cosmopolitan species. All species are described and illustrated. An identification key to the species and maps of their distribution in Madagascar are also provided

Tarsal organ morphology and the phylogeny of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with notes on basal genera

Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I–IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped,transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage,a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I–IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn,and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa

FIGURES 134–142 in Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera

FIGURES 134–142. Sulsula pauper (O. P.-Cambridge), females from Algeria (134–138), Egypt (139, 140), and Sudan (141, 142). 134. Carapace, dorsal view. 135. Same, anterior view. 136. Abdomen, ventral view. 137, 139, 141. Genitalia, ventral view. 138, 140, 142. Same, dorsal view.Published as part of Platnick, Norman I., Abrahim, Naiara, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Andriamalala, Daniela, Baehr, Barbara C., Baert, Léon, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia, Dupérré, Nadine, Eichenberger, Beata, Fannes, Wouter, Gaublomme, Eva, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Grismado, Cristian J., Griswold, Charles E., Harvey, Mark S., Henrard, Arnaud, Hormiga, Gustavo, Izquierdo, Matías A., Jocqué, Rudy, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Kropf, Christian, Ott, Ricardo, Ramírez, Martín J., Raven, Robert J., Rheims, Cristina A., Ruiz, Gustavo R.S., Santos, Adalberto J., Saucedo, Alma, Sierwald, Petra, Szüts, Tamás, Ubick, Darrell & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2012, Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera, pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2012 (3736) on page 17, DOI: 10.1206/3736.2, http://zenodo.org/record/536018

FIGURES 233–247 in Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera

FIGURES 233–247. Dalmasula lorelei, new species, female (233–241), D. parvimana (Simon), male (242–247). 233. Posterior median spinneret, apical view. 234. Posterior lateral spinneret, apical view. 235. Claws of leg I, anterior view. 236. Trichobothrial base from tibia III, dorsal view. 237. Tarsal organ from leg I, dorsal view. 238. Same, leg II. 239. Same, leg III. 240. Same, leg IV. 241. Same, palp. 242. Habitus, dorsal view. 243, 246. Left palp, prolateral view. 244, 247. Same, retrolateral view. 245. Habitus, ventral view.Published as part of Platnick, Norman I., Abrahim, Naiara, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Andriamalala, Daniela, Baehr, Barbara C., Baert, Léon, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia, Dupérré, Nadine, Eichenberger, Beata, Fannes, Wouter, Gaublomme, Eva, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Grismado, Cristian J., Griswold, Charles E., Harvey, Mark S., Henrard, Arnaud, Hormiga, Gustavo, Izquierdo, Matías A., Jocqué, Rudy, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Kropf, Christian, Ott, Ricardo, Ramírez, Martín J., Raven, Robert J., Rheims, Cristina A., Ruiz, Gustavo R.S., Santos, Adalberto J., Saucedo, Alma, Sierwald, Petra, Szüts, Tamás, Ubick, Darrell & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2012, Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera, pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2012 (3736) on page 24, DOI: 10.1206/3736.2, http://zenodo.org/record/536018

Tarsal organ morphology and the phylogeny of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with notes on basal genera. (American Museum novitates, no. 3736)

52 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I-IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped, transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage, a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I-IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn, and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa