CHANGES IN THE CAPILLARY AND VENOUS BLOOD CYTOKINE PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS DEPENDING ON THE TREATMENT

ABSTRACT. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease involving T-cell immunity. The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17/IL-22 cytokine axis is key in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. The role of the IL-36 subfamily regulating inflammation in the skin is shown. Topical preparations are used to treat psoriasis. Objective: to study changes in the cytokine profile of venous and capillary blood taken near the focus of psoriatic inflammation, depending on the treatment with topical preparations. 40 patients with psoriasis, mean age 43.7 years, were examined. Group 1a (20 people) received local treatment with mometasone, Group 1b (20 people) received topical gel containing IL-36 receptor antagonist. 20 healthy people, mean age 46.6 years, consisted the control group 2. Capillary blood was collected from a finger, in patients near the lesion 200 μl in a microvette with EDTA. Venous blood was taken from the cubital vein 3 ml into a vacuum tube with EDTA. The concentration of 15 cytokines in blood plasma was tested by the multiplex method (MagPix, BioRad, USA). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using the PASI and DLQI indices. At the end of treatment (day 14), the PASI and DLQI indices significantly decreased in both groups. On the 28th day, the PASI index in Group 1a returned to its original level, in group 1b it remained steadily reduced. Before treatment, the levels of all cytokines except IL-10 in the capillary blood of patients with psoriasis were significantly increased compared to Group 2, and the levels of 5 cytokines were increased in the venous blood. After 14 days in Group 1a, the levels of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33 significantly decreased in capillary blood, and only IL-17F, IL-21, IL-33 and TNF in the venous blood. On the 28th day, the concentrations of almost all cytokines returned to their original level. In Group 1b, on the 14th day, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33 significantly decreased in capillary blood, and in venous blood - IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33. On the 28th day, the concentration continued to decrease, or the level of these cytokines remained reduced, and IL-6 significantly decreased in the vein. Thus, the method for determining the profile of capillary blood cytokines from the area of ​​psoriatic lesions can be used to monitor the effect of treatment in patients with psoriasis

Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Adenoiditis

The aim of our research was to study the multiphase response in a system of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines due to the additive contribution of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the polymorphic allelic variants of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) genes in patients with chronic adenoiditis (CA). Materials and Methods: The study included 388 children with CA. Associations between the IL1B gene (rs1143634) (C+3954T) SNP and the IL-4 gene (rs2243250) (C-589T) SNP and the clinical manifestations and clinical outcome of CA were investigated. Genotyping for the studied SNPs was performed using real-time PCR. The study of genotype-associated cytokine production in accordance with the level of concentration of IL-1β, IL-4 in blood serum with the method of solidphase EIA using horseradish peroxidase as an indicating enzyme was carried out. Results: The presence of homozygous or heterozygous genotypes of the studied SNPs of the IL-1β and IL-4 genes was characterized with genetically determined cytokine-production forming the phenotypical polymorphism. The conducted research into congenital immunity factors with an assessment of genetically determined cytokine production has revealed 5 options of the cytokine response and their corresponding frequencies. We extrapolated the results on clinical and functional outcomes of chronic adenoiditis, which allowed us to identify non-randomness in the nature of chronic adenoiditis as a multifactorial disease. Conclusion: The obtained data are evidence of the phenotypic-genetic heterogeneity of CA

SENSITIZATION TO STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AT CHILDREN OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS — PREDICTORS OF RHEUMATIC PATHOLOGY

Streptococcus pyogenes is the reason of rheumatism and a post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Primary colonization of mucosal with this microorganism develops in the period of early ontogenesis. It was confirmed that at a carriage of this microorganism children at them activate immunopathological reactions. Clinic and immune features of the children with recurrent respiratory infections of early and preschool age having the immune response to S. pyogenes were studied. Position of risk of formation of rheumatic diseases at these children was studied. 771 children, in an age interval of 2–6 years are examined. Immune and clinical indicators in two groups of the children having the immune response to S. pyogenes (n = 306) and not having it (n = 465) were analyzed. It was shown that in group of the children with immune response to S. pyogenes were authentically higher: point of an hereditary predisposition, expressiveness of placental insufficiency and a fetal hypoxia during the real pregnancy, and in the post-natal period degree of a thymomegaly, a pharyngeal lymphoid ring hypertrophy, skin manifestations of food allergy on the first year of life, the frequency of sharp respiratory infections within one year — in comparison with control. The group of the children having the immune response to S. pyogenes had a high level in a nasal secret of TNFα, IL-4, IFNα, and in blood — ASL-O, ASG, RF, CRP and immunoglobulin E. It was shown that at the children with a sensitization to S. pyogenes were lowered in peripheral blood: the general leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes (CD3 positive), T-helpery (CD3 and CD4 positive), an immunoregulatory index (the relation of CD4 of positive lymphocytes to CD8 to positive lymphocytes), phagocytosis (in test with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride — NBT) and immunoglobulin A — in comparison with control. The atopic immune response to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae took place in the main group. The average logarithmic cultivation titer of these microorganisms was also authentically higher at children of the main group. The conducted research showed that hyper productive immune reactions mainly on humoral type which can provide induction of rheumatic pathology are associated with the immune response to S. pyogenes; and detection of IgG antibodies to S. pyogenes can be screening for identification of group of risk on formation of rheumatic diseases among children with recurrent respiratory infections and a pharyngeal lymphoid ring hypertrophy