Investment capacity of the economy during the implementation of projects of public-private partnership

The article considers the peculiarities of the mechanism of public-private partnership. An important problem of the research is to find an optimal ratio in the investment distribution when the arising positive externalities are maximized. In the critical literature review, the assumption was made that the balance between the market and state methods of regulation allows reaching the sustainable growth from the point of view of the use of resources. This hypothesis is developed in the analysis of the multiplicative effect through the index of GDP investment capacity. The research approach is based upon the study of the regression dependencies: multidimensional optimization is solved by the method of configurations with performing the iteration procedure. The obtained results show that the state contribution into the total investment potential of the projects of public-private partnership is traditionally low. The maximal investment capacity of the economy can be reached when maintaining the structure of investment distribution at the ratio 0.09/0.91 for the public and private sectors, respectively. The practical use of the optimization model allows to introduce the flexible mechanism of coordination of the terms of project financing

Mathematical Model of Electrodiffusion, Dissociation and Recombination in the Diffusive Layer

We study a mathematical model of electrochemical processes in the thin diffusive layer of polymer electrolyte between the electrode and the bulk. We consider diffusion, migration, dissociation and recombination of positive and negative ions in the electric field that take place in this region under various boundary conditions. We demonstrate that the unique stable steady state of the electrochemical system is determined by the ratio of dissociation to recombination. This state attracts time-dependent solutions of the model, but their convergence strongly depends on the electroneutrality of the bulk

Record electron self-cooling in cold-electron bolometers with a hybrid superconductor-ferromagnetic nanoabsorber and traps

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is the only observable that allows studying the earliest stage of the Universe. Radioastronomy instruments for CMB investigation require low working temperatures around 100 mK to get the necessary sensitivity. On-chip electron cooling of receivers is a pathway for future space missions due to problems of dilution fridges at low gravity. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that in a Cold-Electron Bolometer (CEB) a theoretical limit of electron cooling down to 65 mK from phonon temperature of 300 mK can be reached. It is possible due to effective withdrawing of hot electrons from the tunnel barrier by double stock, special traps and suppression of Andreev Joule heating in hybrid Al/Fe normal nanoabsorber

Realignment-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and three-dimensional imaging in anisotropic fluids

We apply coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy to characterize director structures in liquid crystals.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Building Blocks of Artificial CRISPR-Based Systems beyond Nucleases

Tools developed in the fields of genome engineering, precise gene regulation, and synthetic gene networks have an increasing number of applications. When shared with the scientific community, these tools can be used to further unlock the potential of precision medicine and tissue engineering. A large number of different genetic elements, as well as modifications, have been used to create many different systems and to validate some technical concepts. New studies have tended to optimize or improve existing elements or approaches to create complex synthetic systems, especially those based on the relatively new CRISPR technology. In order to maximize the output of newly developed approaches and to move from proof-of-principle experiments to applications in regenerative medicine, it is important to navigate efficiently through the vast number of genetic elements to choose those most suitable for specific needs. In this review, we have collected information regarding the main genetic elements and their modifications, which can be useful in different synthetic systems with an emphasis of those based on CRISPR technology. We have indicated the most suitable elements and approaches to choose or combine in planning experiments, while providing their deeper understanding, and have also stated some pitfalls that should be avoided

Ramanomics: New Omics Disciplines Using Micro Raman Spectrometry with Biomolecular Component Analysis for Molecular Profiling of Biological Structures

Modern instrumentation for Raman microspectroscopy and current techniques in analysis of spectral data provide new opportunities to study molecular interactions and dynamics at subcellular levels in biological systems. Implementation of biomolecular component analysis (BCA) to microRaman spectrometry provides basis for the emergence of Ramanomics, a new biosensing discipline with unprecedented capabilities to measure concentrations of distinct biomolecular groups in live cells and organelles. Here we review the combined use of microRaman-BCA techniques to probe absolute concentrations of proteins, DNA, RNA and lipids in single organelles of live cells. Assessing biomolecular concentration profiles of organelles at the single cell level provides a physiologically relevant set of biomarkers for cellular heterogeneity. In addition, changes to an organelle’s biomolecular concentration profile during a cellular transformation, whether natural, drug induced or disease manifested, can provide molecular insight into the nature of the cellular process

Changes in Biomolecular Profile in a Single Nucleolus during Cell Fixation

Fixation of biological sample is an essential technique applied in order to “freeze” in time the intracellular molecular content. However, fixation induces changes of the cellular molecular structure, which mask physiological distribution of biomolecules and bias interpretation of results. Accurate, sensitive, and comprehensive characterization of changes in biomolecular composition, occurring during fixation, is crucial for proper analysis of experimental data. Here we apply biomolecular component analysis for Raman spectra measured in the same nucleoli of HeLa cells before and after fixation by either formaldehyde solution or by chilled ethanol. It is found that fixation in formaldehyde does not strongly affect the Raman spectra of nucleolar biomolecular components, but may significantly decrease the nucleolar RNA concentration. At the same time, ethanol fixation leads to a proportional increase (up to 40%) in concentrations of nucleolar proteins and RNA, most likely due to cell shrinkage occurring in the presence of coagulant fixative. Ethanol fixation also triggers changes in composition of nucleolar proteome, as indicated by an overall reduction of the α-helical structure of proteins and increase in the concentration of proteins containing the β-sheet conformation. We conclude that cross-linking fixation is a more appropriate protocol for mapping of proteins in situ. At the same time, ethanol fixation is preferential for studies of RNA-containing macromolecules. We supplemented our quantitative Raman spectroscopic measurements with mapping of the protein and lipid macromolecular groups in live and fixed cells using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering nonlinear optical imaging

Macromolecular Profiling of Organelles in Normal Diploid and Cancer Cells

To advance an understanding of cellular regulation and function it is crucial to identify molecular contents in cellular organelles, which accommodate specific biochemical processes. Toward achievement of this goal, we applied micro-Raman-Biomolecular Component Analysis assay for molecular profiling of major organelles in live cells. We used this assay for comparative analysis of proteins 3D conformation and quantification of proteins, RNA, and lipids concentrations in nucleoli, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria of WI 38 diploid lung fibroblasts and HeLa cancer cells. Obtained data show substantial differences in the concentrations and conformations of proteins in the studied organelles. Moreover, differences in the intraorganellar concentrations of RNA and lipids between these cell lines were found. We report the biological significance of obtained macromolecular profiles and advocate for micro-Raman BCA assay as a valuable proteomics tool