128 research outputs found
Single-Atom Source in the Picokelvin Regime
An important aspect of the rapidly growing field of quantum atom optics is exploring the behavior of ultracold atoms at a deeper level than the mean field approximation, where the quantum properties of individual atoms becomes important. Major recent advances have been achieved with the creation and detection of reliable single-atom sources, which is a crucial tool for testing fundamental quantum processes. Here, we create a source comprised of a single ultracold metastable helium atom, which enables novel free-space quantum atom optics experiments to be performed with single massive particles with large de Broglie wavelengths
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Polymorphism and phase transformation in the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene.
A new polymorph (form II) is reported for the 1:1 dimethyl sulfoxide solvate of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene (TFDIB·DMSO or C6F4I2·C2H6SO). The structure is similar to that of a previously reported polymorph (form I) [Britton (2003). Acta Cryst. E59, o1332-o1333], containing layers of TFDIB molecules with DMSO molecules between, accepting I...O halogen bonds from two TFDIB molecules. Re-examination of form I over the temperature range 300-120 K shows that it undergoes a phase transformation around 220 K, where the DMSO molecules undergo re-orientation and become ordered. The unit cell expands by ca 0.5 Å along the c axis and contracts by ca 1.0 Å along the a axis, and the space-group symmetry is reduced from Pnma to P212121. Refinement of form I against data collected at 220 K captures the (average) structure of the crystal prior to the phase transformation, with the DMSO molecules showing four distinct disorder components, corresponding to an overlay of the 297 and 120 K structures. Assessment of the intermolecular interaction energies using the PIXEL method indicates that the various orientations of the DMSO molecules have very similar total interaction energies with the molecules of the TFDIB framework. The phase transformation is driven by interactions between DMSO molecules, whereby re-orientation at lower temperature yields significantly closer and more stabilizing interactions between neighbouring DMSO molecules, which lock in an ordered arrangement along the shortened a axis
Feedback control of an atom laser
We report the first real-time feedback control of an atom laser.
The unique feature of metastable helium atoms, the production of ions in the
atom laser outcoupling process, is exploited to actively control the spatial
location inside the Bose-Einstein condensate where outcoupling occurs.
Unlike alkali atom lasers, this provides almost instantaneous feedback
which reduces frequency, amplitude and spatial mode fluctuations in the
atom laser beam
Observation of transverse interference fringes on an atom laser beam
Using the unique detection properties offered by metastable
helium atoms we have produced high resolution images of the transverse
spatial profiles of an atom laser beam. We observe fringes on the beam,
resulting from quantum mechanical interference between atoms that start
from rest at different transverse locations within the outcoupling surface
and end up at a later time with different velocities at the same transverse
position. Numerical simulations in the low output-coupling limit give good
quantitative agreement with our experimental data
Experimental determination of the helium 2 3P1-1 1S0 transition rate
We present the first experimental determination of the 2 3P1–1 1S0 transition rate in helium and compare this measurement with theoretical quantum-electrodynamic predictions. The experiment exploits the very long (∼1 minute) confinement times obtained for atoms magneto-optically trapped in an apparatus used to create a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable (2 3S1) helium. The 2 3P1–1 1S0 transition rate is measured directly from the decay rate of the cold atomic cloud following 1083 nm laser excitation from the 2 3S1 to the 2 3P1 state, and from accurate knowledge of the 2 3P1 population. The value obtained is 177±8 s-1, which agrees very well with theoretical predictions, and has an accuracy that compares favorably with measurements for the same transition in heliumlike ions higher in the isoelectronic sequence
Higher-Order Quantum Ghost Imaging with Ultracold Atoms
Ghost imaging is a quantum optics technique that uses correlations between two beams to reconstruct an image from photons that do not interact with the object being imaged. While pairwise (second-order) correlations are usually used to create the ghost image, higher-order correlations can be utilized to improve the performance. In this Letter, we demonstrate higher-order atomic ghost imaging, using entangled ultracold metastable helium atoms from an s-wave collision halo. We construct higher-order ghost images up to fifth order and show that using higher-order correlations can improve the visibility of the images without impacting the resolution. This is the first demonstration of higher-order ghost imaging with massive particles and the first higher-order ghost imaging protocol of any type using a quantum source.This work was supported through the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project Grants No. DP120101390, No. DP140101763, and No. DP160102337. S. S. H. was supported by ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award Grant No. DE150100315
Bright matter wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
We review recent experimental and theoretical work on the creation
of bright matter wave solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates. In two recent experiments,
solitons are formed from Bose–Einstein condensates of 7Li by utilizing
a Feshbach resonance to switch from repulsive to attractive interactions.
The solitons are made to propagate in a one-dimensional potential formed by a
focused laser beam. For repulsive interactions, the wavepacket undergoes dispersivewavepacket
spreading, while for attractive interactions, localized solitons are
formed. In our experiment, a multi-soliton train containing up to ten solitons is
observed to propagate without spreading for a duration of 2 s. Adjacent solitons
are found to interact repulsively, in agreement with a calculation based on the
nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation assuming that the soliton train is formed with an
alternating phase structure. The origin of this phase structure is not entirely clear
Approaching the adiabatic timescale with machine-learning
The control and manipulation of quantum systems without excitation is
challenging, due to the complexities in fully modeling such systems accurately
and the difficulties in controlling these inherently fragile systems
experimentally. For example, while protocols to decompress Bose-Einstein
condensates (BEC) faster than the adiabatic timescale (without excitation or
loss) have been well developed theoretically, experimental implementations of
these protocols have yet to reach speeds faster than the adiabatic timescale.
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an alternative approach based on a
machine learning algorithm which makes progress towards this goal. The
algorithm is given control of the coupled decompression and transport of a
metastable helium condensate, with its performance determined after each
experimental iteration by measuring the excitations of the resultant BEC. After
each iteration the algorithm adjusts its internal model of the system to create
an improved control output for the next iteration. Given sufficient control
over the decompression, the algorithm converges to a novel solution that sets
the current speed record in relation to the adiabatic timescale, beating out
other experimental realizations based on theoretical approaches. This method
presents a feasible approach for implementing fast state preparations or
transformations in other quantum systems, without requiring a solution to a
theoretical model of the system. Implications for fundamental physics and
cooling are discussed.Comment: 7 pages main text, 2 pages supporting informatio
Electron collisions with laser cooled and trapped metastable helium atoms: total scattering cross sections
Absolute measurements of total scattering cross sections for low energy (5–70 eV) electrons by metastable helium (23S) atoms are presented. The measurements are performed using a magneto-optical trap which is loaded from a laser-cooled, bright beam of slow He(23S) atoms. The data are compared with predictions from convergent close coupling and R matrix with pseudostate calculations, and we find good agreement between experiment and theory
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