145 research outputs found
Early Posttherapy Hospitalizations Among Survivors of Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma
Long-term survivors of childhood cancers are at increased risk for hospitalization. To test the hypothesis that many treatment-related morbidities are identifiable in the early post-therapy period, we determined the rates and causes for hospitalization among survivors of leukemia and lymphoma during the first three years post-therapy. Using a health plan claims database, we identified patients aged 0-21 years-old treated for leukemia or lymphoma from 2000-2010. Survivors were matched 10:1 with similar children without a history of cancer. Hospitalization rates over three years were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression and risks of cause-specific hospitalization were compared using log-binomial models. Nineteen percent of childhood leukemia and lymphoma survivors were hospitalized in the first three years off therapy. Leukemia survivors (N=529) experienced over six times (HR: 6.3, 95%CI: 4.9-8.0) and lymphoma survivors (N=454) over three times the hospitalization rate of controls (HR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.5-4.2). Compared with children without a cancer history, survivors were at increased risk for hospitalization due to infectious causes (leukemia RR: 60.0, 95%CI: 23.4-154.0; lymphoma RR: 10.0, 95%CI: 4.4-22.9). Additionally, lymphoma survivors were at increased risk for cardiovascular-(RR: 15.0, 95%CI: 5.4-42.0) and pulmonary-(RR: 8.1, 95%CI: 3.9-16.8) related hospitalizations. These findings highlight the morbidity experienced by survivors and suggest that treatment-associated complications may be emerging soon after therapy completion
Systematic study of the Sr clock transition in an optical lattice
With ultracold Sr confined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, we
present the most precise study (2.8 Hz statistical uncertainty) to-date of the
- optical clock transition with a detailed analysis of
systematic shifts (20 Hz uncertainty) in the absolute frequency measurement of
429 228 004 229 867 Hz. The high resolution permits an investigation of the
optical lattice motional sideband structure. The local oscillator for this
optical atomic clock is a stable diode laser with its Hz-level linewidth
characterized across the optical spectrum using a femtosecond frequency comb.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Optical atomic coherence at the one-second time scale
Highest resolution laser spectroscopy has generally been limited to single
trapped ion systems due to rapid decoherence which plagues neutral atom
ensembles. Here, precision spectroscopy of ultracold neutral atoms confined in
a trapping potential shows superior optical coherence without any deleterious
effects from motional degrees of freedom, revealing optical resonance
linewidths at the hertz level with an excellent signal to noise ratio. The
resonance quality factor of 2.4 x 10^{14} is the highest ever recovered in any
form of coherent spectroscopy. The spectral resolution permits direct
observation of the breaking of nuclear spin degeneracy for the 1S0 and 3P0
optical clock states of 87Sr under a small magnetic bias field. This optical
NMR-like approach allows an accurate measurement of the differential Lande
g-factor between the two states. The optical atomic coherence demonstrated for
collective excitation of a large number of atoms will have a strong impact on
quantum measurement and precision frequency metrology.Comment: in press (2006
ALTERATION OF THE EPHA2/EPHRIN-A SIGNALING AXIS IN PSORIATIC EPIDERMIS
EphA2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that triggers keratinocyte differentiation upon activation and subsequently down-regulation by ephrin-A1 ligand. The objective for this study was to determine if the EphA2/ephrin-A1 signaling axis was altered in psoriasis, an inflammatory skin condition where keratinocyte differentiation is abnormal. Microarray analysis of skin biopsies from psoriasis patients revealed increased mRNA transcripts for several members of this RTK family in plaques, including the EphA1, EphA2 and EphA4 subtypes prominently expressed by keratinocytes. Of these, EphA2 showed the greatest up-regulation, a finding that was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, IHC analysis and ELISA. In contrast, psoriatic lesions exhibited reduced ephrin-A ligand immunoreactivity. Exposure of primary keratinocytes induced to differentiated in high calcium or a 3-dimensiosnal raft culture of human epidermis to a combination of growth factors and cytokines elevated in psoriasis increased EphA2 mRNA and protein expression while inducing S100A7 and disrupting differentiation. Pharmacological delivery of a soluble ephrin-A1 peptidomimetic ligand led to a reduction in EphA2 expression and ameliorated proliferation and differentiation in raft cultures exposed to EGF and IL-1α. These findings suggest that ephrin-A1-mediated down-regulation of EphA2 supports keratinocyte differentiation in the context of cytokine perturbation
Simulating 2D lattice gauge theories on a qudit quantum computer
Particle physics underpins our understanding of the world at a fundamental
level by describing the interplay of matter and forces through gauge theories.
Yet, despite their unmatched success, the intrinsic quantum mechanical nature
of gauge theories makes important problem classes notoriously difficult to
address with classical computational techniques. A promising way to overcome
these roadblocks is offered by quantum computers, which are based on the same
laws that make the classical computations so difficult. Here, we present a
quantum computation of the properties of the basic building block of
two-dimensional lattice quantum electrodynamics, involving both gauge fields
and matter. This computation is made possible by the use of a trapped-ion qudit
quantum processor, where quantum information is encoded in different states
per ion, rather than in two states as in qubits. Qudits are ideally suited for
describing gauge fields, which are naturally high-dimensional, leading to a
dramatic reduction in the quantum register size and circuit complexity. Using a
variational quantum eigensolver, we find the ground state of the model and
observe the interplay between virtual pair creation and quantized magnetic
field effects. The qudit approach further allows us to seamlessly observe the
effect of different gauge field truncations by controlling the qudit dimension.
Our results open the door for hardware-efficient quantum simulations with
qudits in near-term quantum devices
Reactions of the halonium ions of carenes and pinenes: An experimental and theoretical study
The reactions of vinylcyclopropane (+)-2-carene (1) and vinylcyclobutanes (-)-β-pinene (7),  (-)-α-pinene (11), and (-)-nopol (12) with electrophilic halogens in the presence of oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles in various solvents have been investigated. The halonium ion intermediates that were presumably formed were very reactive and led to opening of the conjugated cyclopropane or cyclobutane. Reactions of chloramine-T trihydrate with compound 1 in acetonitrile gave amidine 13 and diazepine 14. Reactions of chloramine-T trihydrate with pinenes in methylene chloride gave allylic tosylamines 22, 16B and 24. Mechanisms to explain the observations are proposed and supported by ab initio and Density Functional Theory calculations on the carenes and pinenes in this report and their bromonium ion intermediates. For comparisons, the relative extent of conjugation with the bromonium ion moiety of these, as well as select cyclohexene and cyclohexadiene systems and their corresponding bromonium ions, were optimized at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory, and then these geometries were analyzed using the absolute hardness index at the Hartree-Fock/aug-cc-pVDZ and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory. Additionally, Natural Population Analysis charges were calculated for these systems using Møller-Plessett Second-Order Perturbation Theory electron densities and the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. Combining the results of these theoretical methods with analysis of structural details of their optimized geometries gives much electronic structure insight into the extent of conjugation of bromonium ions of the carenes and pinenes reported here, and places them in relative context of more traditional conjugated and non-conjugated bromonium ion systems. In particular, bromonium ions of compounds 1, 7, and 11 display structural distortions, charge delocalizations and hardness values comparable with those of traditional conjugated cyclohexadienes, with possible reasons for subtle differences presented
Quantum Computing and Quantum Simulation with Group-II Atoms
Recent experimental progress in controlling neutral group-II atoms for
optical clocks, and in the production of degenerate gases with group-II atoms
has given rise to novel opportunities to address challenges in quantum
computing and quantum simulation. In these systems, it is possible to encode
qubits in nuclear spin states, which are decoupled from the electronic state in
the S ground state and the long-lived P metastable state on the
clock transition. This leads to quantum computing scenarios where qubits are
stored in long lived nuclear spin states, while electronic states can be
accessed independently, for cooling of the atoms, as well as manipulation and
readout of the qubits. The high nuclear spin in some fermionic isotopes also
offers opportunities for the encoding of multiple qubits on a single atom, as
well as providing an opportunity for studying many-body physics in systems with
a high spin symmetry. Here we review recent experimental and theoretical
progress in these areas, and summarise the advantages and challenges for
quantum computing and quantum simulation with group-II atoms.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, review for special issue of "Quantum Information
Processing" on "Quantum Information with Neutral Particles
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