Semiología radiológica de aparato digestivo: transito esófago-gastro-duodenal y enema opaco

[SPA] Esta publicación, destacando la Semiología Radiológica Elemental de un sistema específico del organismo forma las bases de todos los procesos de entrenamiento del Radiodiagnóstico médico, tiene un formato electrónico, multimedia, interactivo y autoejecutable. Estas publicaciones resultan ser al mismo tiempo económicas y eficaces y ofrecen una excelente calidad de transmisión de los fundamentos de las especialidades médicas basadas en el Diagnóstico por Imagen.[ENG] This publication, outlining the Elementary Radiological Semeiology of a specific organic system which forms the basis of all Medical Radiodiagnostic procedure training, has an electronic, multimedia, interactive and self-executable format. These publications prove to be both economic and effective and offer an excellent quality of transmission of the fundamentals of those medical specialties based on Diagnostic Imaging.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Tele-enseñanza a través de internet: la protección radiológica en ciencias de la salud = E-learning through internet: radiological protection in health sciences

[SPA] La obtención de un proyecto interdepartamental subvencionado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia español ha permitido crear materiales didácticos específicos de Protección Radiológica que se han publicado en varios manuales y cuadernos de actividades prácticas. Estas publicaciones han constituido la base del primer curso continuado sobre Protección Radiológica realizado a través de Internet en España (9 ediciones, durante los años 2000-2010). Durante el pregrado y el grado, la utilización de material didáctico digital apropiado determina el nivel de conocimientos que puede alcanzarse. La enseñanza multimedia y la tele-educación incrementan el interés de los alumnos en los temas más complicados y difíciles en Ciencias de la Salud. Posteriormente, cuando se abandona la Universidad y comienza la actividad profesional, la tele-enseñanza permite la formación continuada en las actualizaciones básicas sobre Protección Radiológica, permitiendo a todos los profesionales familiarizarse con medios y recursos que difícilmente podrán utilizar de forma personal y directa. Keywords: Radiología, tele-enseñanza, educación médica, protección radiológica, control de calidad. [ENG]The creation of an interdepartmental project subsidised by the Spanish Ministry of Education has made it possible to create teaching material for Radiological Protection, and led to the publication of several specific manuals and practical 758 notebook. This material constitutes the working basis for the first continuous e-learning training course in Spanish via Internet on this subject (9 editions during the years 2000-2010). The use of appropriate teaching materials during the training cycles determines the level of knowledge that can be reached. Interactive multimedia teaching and e-learning increase interest in subjects that were previously regarded their as boring and difficult health science students’. When the students have finished their university studies, e-learning systems can provide continued professional training that achieves the basic goals of Radiological Protection, allowing professionals to acquaint themselves with this type of content, which they would usually fond difficult to do themselves.[ENG] The creation of an interdepartmental project subsidised by the Spanish Ministry of Education has made it possible to create teaching material for Radiological Protection, and led to the publication of several specific manuals and practical 758 notebook. This material constitutes the working basis for the first continuous e-learning training course in Spanish via Internet on this subject (9 editions during the years 2000-2010). The use of appropriate teaching materials during the training cycles determines the level of knowledge that can be reached. Interactive multimedia teaching and e-learning increase interest in subjects that were previously regarded their as boring and difficult health science students’. When the students have finished their university studies, e-learning systems can provide continued professional training that achieves the basic goals of Radiological Protection, allowing professionals to acquaint themselves with this type of content, which they would usually fond difficult to do themselves.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Efecto paradójico radiosensibilizante del ácido carnósico en células de melanoma metastásico B16F10: una nueva estrategia terapéutica

El ácido carnósico (AC) es un diterpeno fenólico derivado de la planta Rosmarinus officinalis caracterizado por su elevada actividad antioxidante. Por sus características presenta múltiples aplicaciones industriales, cosméticas y nutricionales. Este estudio pretende evaluar la capacidad radioprotectora del AC en células expuestas directamente a rayos X y en células no irradiadas que reciben las señales de células irradiadas con rayos X, conocidas como células receptoras del efecto bystander inducido por radiación ionizante (RIBE). La capacidad genoprotectora se evalúa mediante ensayos de genotoxicidad aplicando los ensayos de micronúcleos in vivo e in vitro. La capacidad radioprotectora mediante ensayos de supervivencia celular con MTT, clonogénico in vitro, apoptosis y de determinación de glutatión intracelular, comparando células radiosensibles (epitelio prostático humano normal, PNT2) con células radiorresistentes (melanoma metastásico murino, B16F10). El AC presenta una capacidad genoprotectora en todas las células expuestas a la radiación ionizante (p < 0,001) y en las células RIBE (p < 0,01). En las células PNT2, el AC consigue un 97% de supervivencia celular tras la exposición a 20 Gy de rayos X, eliminando el 67% de la muerte celular inducida por la radiación (p < 0,001), disminuyendo la apoptosis (p < 0,001) y aumentando la relación GSH/GSSG (p < 0,01). Sin embargo, la administración de AC a las células B16F10 disminuye la supervivencia celular en un 32%, aumentando la muerte celular en un 200% (p < 0,001), y aumentando la muerte celular en un 100% (p<0,001) en las células bystander (p < 0,01). Además, incrementa la apoptosis celular (p < 0,001) y disminuye la relación GSH/GSSG (p < 0,01), expresando un efecto paradójico radiosensibilizador en estas células. El conocimiento de los posibles mecanismos de acción de sustancias como el AC en estos ámbitos podría ayudar a crear nuevas vías de tratamiento que permitan la protección de las células sanas y el daño exclusivo de las neoplásicas, presentando así una nueva estrategia deseable para los pacientes con cáncer que necesitan radioterapia.Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene derived from the plant Rosmarinus officinalis, characterised by its high antioxidant activity. Due to its characteristics, it has multiple industrial, cosmetic and nutritional applications. This study aims to evaluate the radioprotective capacity of AC in cells directly exposed to X-rays and in non-irradiated cells that receive signals from X-ray irradiated cells, known as receptor cells of the bystander effect induced by ionising radiation (RIBE). The genoprotective capacity is assessed by genotoxicity assays using in vivo and in vitro micronucleus assays. Radioprotective capacity is assessed by MTT cell survival, in vitro clonogenic, apoptosis and intracellular glutathione assays, comparing radiosensitive cells (normal human prostate epithelium, PNT2) with radioresistant cells (murine metastatic melanoma, B16F10). AC exhibits genoprotective capacity in all cells exposed to ionising radiation (p < 0.001) and in RIBE cells (p < 0.01). In PNT2 cells, AC achieves 97% cell survival after exposure to 20 Gy of X-rays, eliminating 67% of radiation-induced cell death (p < 0.001), decreasing apoptosis (p < 0.001) and increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.01). However, AC administration to B16F10 cells decreased cell survival by 32%, increased cell death by 200% (p < 0.001), and increased cell death by 100% (p < 0.001) in bystander cells (p < 0.01). In addition, it increases cell apoptosis (p < 0.001) and decreases the GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.01), expressing a paradoxical radiosensitising effect in these cells. Knowledge of the possible mechanisms of action of substances such as AC in these areas could help to create new treatment pathways that allow the protection of healthy cells and the exclusive damage of neoplastic cells, thus presenting a new desirable strategy for cancer patients in need of radiotherapy

Paradoxical Radiosensitizing Effect of Carnosic Acid on B16F10 Metastatic Melanoma Cells: A New Treatment Strategy

Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene characterized by its high antioxidant activity; it is used in industrial, cosmetic, and nutritional applications. We evaluated the radioprotective capacity of CA on cells directly exposed to X-rays and non-irradiated cells that received signals from X-ray treated cells (radiation induced bystander effect, RIBE). The genoprotective capacity was studied by in vivo and in vitro micronucleus assays. Radioprotective capacity was evaluated by clonogenic cell survival, MTT, apoptosis and intracellular glutathione assays comparing radiosensitive cells (human prostate epithelium, PNT2) with radioresistant cells (murine metastatic melanoma, B16F10). CA was found to exhibit a genoprotective capacity in cells exposed to radiation (p &lt; 0.001) and in RIBE (p &lt; 0.01). In PNT2 cells, considered as normal cells in our study, CA achieved 97% cell survival after exposure to 20 Gy of X-rays, eliminating 67% of radiation-induced cell death (p &lt; 0.001), decreasing apoptosis (p &lt; 0.001), and increasing the GSH/GSSH ratio (p &lt; 0.01). However, the administration of CA to B16F10 cells decreased cell survival by 32%, increased cell death by 200% (p &lt; 0.001) compared to irradiated cells, and increased cell death by 100% (p &lt; 0.001) in RIBE bystander cells (p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, it increased apoptosis (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio (p &lt; 0.01), expressing a paradoxical radiosensitizing effect in these cells. Knowing the potential mechanisms of action of substances such as CA could help to create new applications that would protect healthy cells and exclusively damage neoplastic cells, thus presenting a new desirable strategy for cancer patients in need of radiotherapy

Radiología del aparato digestivo: un CD-Rom interactivo para estudiantes de medicina. Póster

El objetivo de ese trabajo es la elaboración de un material multimedia que permita la aproximación del estudiante de Medicina a la semiología radiológica básica de aparato digestivo y que sea la base para que pueda aplicarla progresivamente cuando se estudie cada una de las patologías clínicas que puedan presentarla: todo ello, si es posible, de una forma amena y entretenida. Estas publicaciones resultan ser al mismo tiempo económicas y eficaces y ofrecen una excelente calidad de transmisión de los fundamentos de las especialidades médicas basadas en el Diagnóstico por Imagen.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Incidence of smell and taste disorders and associated factors in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19

Objectives: To determine the incidence of smell and taste disorders in our health department and to analyse the factors that could be associated with these symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an observational descriptive study of all patients with COVID-19 in our health area diagnosed between 2020/03/10 and 2020/04/14. Factors related to smell and taste disorders were analysed. Results: A total of 126 patients, 63 women and 63 men, aged 16–80 years, were included. As many as 69 patients (62.7%) presented hyposmia, and 58 (46%) of them had anosmia. A total of 75 patients (59.5%) presented hypogeusia, and 57 (45.2%) of them had ageusia. The risk factors that were most commonly associated with these disorders were the female sex (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.43 for smell disorders and 2.44 for taste disorders), allergic rhinitis (aOR 3.34 for smell disorders) and a younger age. A protective factor was arterial hypertension (aOR 0.51 for smell disorders and 0.35 for taste disorders). A history of tonsillectomy was the risk factor for taste disorder (aOR 5.23). Conclusion: Our results indicate that these sensory disorders occurred more frequently in female patients and in young patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection who progressed with mild nasal congestion, posterior rhinorrhoea and without anterior rhinorrhoea. The recovery of taste occurred before the recovery of smell

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: A Single-Center Study

Whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are two treatment modalities commonly utilized to treat brain metastases (BMs). The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the main radio-oncologic and clinical-demographic aspects of a cohort of BM patients treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for radiosurgery (VMAT-RS). This is a cross-sectional observational design study with a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with brain metastases treated with VMAT-RS between 2012 and 2018. Clinical and demographic data, with special attention to sex, age, primary tumor, brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), number and brain location of BMs, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), the updated DS-GPA prognostic index, and the survival estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier model from the date of radiosurgery, were analyzed. One hundred and twenty-one patients with 229 BMs were treated with VMAT-RS. Patients presented 1–4 BMs, which were treated with five non-coplanar VMAT arcs. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had lung cancer, and 35% of the BMs were in the frontal lobe. The proportion of local control was 88.5%. BTRE prevalence was 30.6%. The median survival time (MST) was 7.7 months. In the multivariate analysis of the Cox regression model, KPS ≥ 70 (HRKPS = 2.59; p = 0.001) and higher DS-GPA (HRDS-GPAII = 0.55, p = 0.022; HRDS-GPAIII-IV = 0.38, p = 0.006) were associated with improved survival. In the univariate analysis, primary tumor, age, and the presence of metastases in the posterior fossa (PFBMs) were also significant. In conclusion, the VMAT-RS is a technique with an overall survival rate comparable to other radiosurgery techniques. The median survival is significantly longer for those with higher KPS and DS-GPA. Other variables, such as the type of primary tumor, age, and PFBMs, could also influence survival, although further studies are needed