Clinicopathological correlations between colorectal cancer and genetic mutations

Objective. Colorectal cancer is an oncological pathology that, unfortunately, has increased in terms of incidence in recent years. The presence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer has significant clinical implications. As a result we want to conduct research that analyzes the impact of these mutations on patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and also to observe the clinicopathological differences between mutant and wild-type tumors. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective study in the period 2018-2022, including 118 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups equal in number of patients, depending on the presence or absence of mutations. Outcomes. After analyzing the data we were able to identify several differences between the two groups, regarding the histopathological type - mucinous correlated with the mutant tumors, the degree of infiltration of the locoregional lymph nodes (more N+ cases in the mutant group), the location of the primary tumor (right colon within the mutant tumors, the rectosigmoid region in the wild-type group), the location of secondary tumors (pulmonary ones with a triple incidence in the mutant group). Conclusions. The study of genetic mutations and their role in colorectal cancer has provided valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of this complex disease. It is an ever-evolving field that promises to have a profound impact on patient care, ultimately leading us toward more effective prevention, early detection, and personalized therapies for colorectal cancer patients. By leveraging genetic information, clinicians can optimize treatment plans, minimize side effects, and increase the chances of successful outcomes for individual patients

Assessing the Role of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Receptor (CD14) in Septic Cardiomyopathy: The Value of Immunohistochemical Diagnostics

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is one of the major predictors of morbidity and mortality of sepsis. A high percentage of patients with SIMD develop a status similar to cardiogenic shock. A high level of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with an overexpression of CD14 acts as the trigger for the release of a broad spectrum of cytokines. Our study aimed to understand the correlation between septic cardiomyopathy and CD14 immunohistochemical expression. The study included 29 patients who died of septic shock. Increased values of membranous CD14 and soluble CD14 in the heart tissue were correlated with adverse patient evolution. A high cellular expression of CD14 was noted in the study group vs. the control group (p = 0.0013). Therefore, a close positive association between the amount of LPS related to sCD14 and the cellular expression of mCD14 is probable. By extrapolation, we suggest that a large amount of sCD14 detected in the cardiac tissue will activate the mCD14–TRL4–LBP–LPS complex, which in turn will induce an inadequate immune response, resulting in heart damage proportional to the amount of LPS. CD14 could represent a valuable marker for septic cardiomyopathy; thus, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes could be foreseen by its high value

Epidermoid Cyst of the Uterine Cervix, an Unusual Location: Literature Review and Case Report

Epidermoid cysts are most often benign cystic lesions, with uterine cervical localisation being very unusual. We present the case of a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed with an epidermoid cyst at the level of the uterine cervix. A bioptic and haemostatic uterine curettage was performed, followed by total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical essay of the resection specimens confirmed the cervical epidermoid cyst. The presence of high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) was only seen in the cervical mucosa. The exact etiopathogenesis is unknown, but postpartum cell implantation of reminiscent embryonic tissue can be involved in the development of these lesions

Cohort profile: the ESC EURObservational Research Programme Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI) Registry

Aims The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation. Methods and results Consecutively hospitalised adult NSTEMI patients (n = 3620) were enrolled between 11 March 2019 and 6 March 2021, and individual patient data prospectively collected at 287 centres in 59 participating countries during a two-week enrolment period per centre. The registry collected data relating to baseline characteristics, major outcomes (inhospital death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and 30-day mortality) and guideline-recommended NSTEMI care interventions: electrocardiogram pre- or in-hospital, prehospitalization receipt of aspirin, echocardiography, coronary angiography, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, and prescription on discharge of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, and statin. Conclusion The EORP NSTEMI Registry is an international, prospective registry of care and outcomes of patients treated for NSTEMI, which will provide unique insights into the contemporary management of hospitalised NSTEMI patients, compliance with ESC 2015 NSTEMI Guidelines, and identify potential barriers to optimal management of this common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity and mortality