Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Seismic Actions on a Flexible Glass-Reinforced Plastic Structure Used in Water Transport Pipes

This article presents the experimental results obtained by the testing an experimental model of water distribution which is flexible and above-head mounted on a seismic platform, and their validation in a theoretical manner, but also by the Finite Element Method, using the ANSYS simulation program. This type of system shown by the experimental model is desired to be used in practice not only in seismic areas, but also in the areas of heavy road transport, landslides, etc. thorugh the use thereof in the most stressed points of the network (hearth entry/exit, before/after an elbow, etc.) but also on long routes, at optimal distances. The results achieved are related to glass- reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes with a nominal diameter DN = 250 mm, but conclusions may be drawn starting from these to help future research where the mass of the earth is desired to be taken into account. The present results are comprehensive for buried pipes operated dynamically or seismically at low-medium intensity, as this type of earthquake occurs more and more often in Europe. The experimental tests in this article do not have the characteristics necessary for a high intensity seismic action (above 5° Richter)

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications

The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. The stationary applications sector is one of the most important energy consumers. Harnessing the potential of renewable energy worldwide is currently being considered to find alternatives for obtaining energy by using technologies that offer maximum efficiency and minimum pollution. In this context, new energy generation technologies are needed to both generate low carbon emissions, as well as identifying, planning and implementing the directions for harnessing the potential of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the alternative solutions for future clean energy systems. This article reviews the specific characteristics of hydrogen energy, which recommends it as a clean energy to power stationary applications. The aim of review was to provide an overview of the sustainability elements and the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative energy source for stationary applications, and for identifying the possibilities of increasing the share of hydrogen energy in stationary applications, respectively. As a study method was applied a SWOT analysis, following which a series of strategies that could be adopted in order to increase the degree of use of hydrogen energy as an alternative to the classical energy for stationary applications were recommended. The SWOT analysis conducted in the present study highlights that the implementation of the hydrogen economy depends decisively on the following main factors: legislative framework, energy decision makers, information and interest from the end beneficiaries, potential investors, and existence of specialists in this field

Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system

Computational Statistics and Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Decision Making on Student’s Employment for Real-Time

The present study accentuated a hybrid approach to evaluate the impact, association and discrepancies of demographic characteristics on a student’s job placement. The present study extracted several significant academic features that determine the Master of Business Administration (MBA) student placement and confirm the placed gender. This paper recommended a novel futuristic roadmap for students, parents, guardians, institutions, and companies to benefit at a certain level. Out of seven experiments, the first five experiments were conducted with deep statistical computations, and the last two experiments were performed with supervised machine learning approaches. On the one hand, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) outperformed others with the uppermost accuracy of 90% to predict the employment status. On the other hand, the Random Forest (RF) attained a maximum accuracy of 88% to recognize the gender of placed students. Further, several significant features are also recommended to identify the placement of gender and placement status. A statistical t-test at 0.05 significance level proved that the student’s gender did not influence their offered salary during job placement and MBA specializations Marketing and Finance (Mkt&Fin) and Marketing and Human Resource (Mkt&HR) (p > 0.05). Additionally, the result of the t-test also showed that gender did not affect student’s placement test percentage scores (p > 0.05) and degree streams such as Science and Technology (Sci&Tech), Commerce and Management (Comm&Mgmt). Others did not affect the offered salary (p > 0.05). Further, the χ2 test revealed a significant association between a student’s course specialization and student’s placement status (p < 0.05). It also proved that there is no significant association between a student’s degree and placement status (p > 0.05). The current study recommended automatic placement prediction with demographic impact identification for the higher educational universities and institutions that will help human communities (students, teachers, parents, institutions) to prepare for the future accordingly

The ElectricalVehicle Simulator for Charging Station in Mode 3 of IEC 61851-1 Standard

As fuel consumption in the transport sector has increased at a faster pace than in other sectors, the use of electromobility represents the main strategy adopted by the automotive industry. In this context, as the number of electrical vehicles (EVs) will increase, it will also be necessary to increase the number of charging stations. The present paper presents a complete solution for charging stations that can be located in the office or mall parking area. This solution includes a mode 3 AC charging stations of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61851-1 Standard, an EV simulator for testing the good functionality of the charging stations (i.e., communications, residual-current device (RCD) protection) and a software application used for controlling the charging process by the programmable logic controller (PLC)

Design and Simulation of Romanian Solar Energy Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

Since mid 2010, petrol consumption in the transport sector has increased at a higher rate than in other sectors. The transport sector generates 35% of the total CO2 emissions. In this context, strategies have been adopted to use clean energy, with electromobility being the main directive. This paper examines the possibility of charging electric vehicle batteries with clean energy using solar autochthonous renewable resources. An isolated system was designed, dimensioned, and simulated in operation for a charging station for electric vehicles with photovoltaic panels and batteries as their main components. The optimal configuration of the photovoltaic system was complete with improved Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms (iHOGA) software version 2.4 and we simulated its operation. The solar energy system has to be designed to ensure that the charging station always has enough electricity to supply several electric vehicles throughout all 24 h of the day. The main results were related to the energy, environmental, and economic performance achieved by the system during one year of operation

Blockchain for Future Wireless Networks: A Decade Survey

The emerging need for high data rate, low latency, and high network capacity encourages wireless networks (WNs) to build intelligent and dynamic services, such as intelligent transportation systems, smart homes, smart cities, industrial automation, etc. However, the WN is impeded by several security threats, such as data manipulation, denial-of-service, injection, man-in-the-middle, session hijacking attacks, etc., that deteriorate the security performance of the aforementioned WN-based intelligent services. Toward this goal, various security solutions, such as cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), access control, authentication, etc., are proposed by the scientific community around the world; however, they do not have full potential in tackling the aforementioned security issues. Therefore, it necessitates a technology, i.e., a blockchain, that offers decentralization, immutability, transparency, and security to protect the WN from security threats. Motivated by these facts, this paper presents a WNs survey in the context of security and privacy issues with blockchain-based solutions. First, we analyzed the existing research works and highlighted security requirements, security issues in a different generation of WN (4G, 5G, and 6G), and a comparative analysis of existing security solutions. Then, we showcased the influence of blockchain technology and prepared an exhaustive taxonomy for blockchain-enabled security solutions in WN. Further, we also proposed a blockchain and a 6G-based WN architecture to highlight the importance of blockchain technology in WN. Moreover, the proposed architecture is evaluated against different performance metrics, such as scalability, packet loss ratio, and latency. Finally, we discuss various open issues and research challenges for blockchain-based WNs solutions

Concentrating Solar Power Technologies

Nowadays, the evolution of solar energy use has turned into a profound issue because of the implications of many points of view, such as technical, social, economic and environmental that impose major constraints for policy-makers in optimizing solar energy alternatives. The topographical constraints regarding the availability of inexhaustible solar energy is driving field development and highlights the need for increasingly more complex solar power systems. The solar energy is an inexhaustible source of CO2 emission-free energy at a global level. Solar thermal technologies may produce electric power when they are associated with thermal energy storage, and this may be used as a disposable source of limitless energy. Furthermore, it can also be used in industrial processes. Using these high-tech systems in a large area of practice emboldens progress at the performance level. This work compiles the latest literature in order to provide a timely review of the evolution and worldwide implementation of Concentrated Solar Power—CSP—mechanization. The objective of this analysis is to provide thematic documentation as a basis for approaching the concept of a polygeneration solar system and the implementation possibilities. It also aims to highlight the role of the CSP in the current and future world energy system