Husholdningssagens betydning for den lille bys modernitet – kvinders uddannelse og erhverv inden for husholdning 1890-1940

Frem til 1900-tallet havde danske kvinder kun få uddannelsesmuligheder. Men de samfundsmæssige forandringer, der fulgte med moderniteten, påvirkede kvinders dengang dominerende beskæftigelse inden for husholdning og førte til nye uddannelsesmuligheder inden for dette område.  Husholdningssagen voksede således frem i slutningen af 1800-tallet som en flersidig argumentation for at gøre husholdning til et videns- og uddannelsesområde, der skulle sikre kvinders uddannelsesmuligheder og folkets sundhed.  Fra starten af 1900-tallet blev der etableret mange husholdningsskoler landet over, særligt i landområder og omkring de mindre byer. Skolerne var meget søgte og sikrede kvinder en uddannelse og en levevej. Sådanne udviklinger kan ses som båret frem af flere forskellige tidsrelaterede forhold og fik i sig selv indflydelse på disse. Det gælder forhold som den gryende velfærdsstats ideer om uddannelse til alle, et ændret arbejdsmarked, kampen for kvindefrigørelse og ligestilling, og endelig også perioder med fødevare- og ressourceknaphed. I artiklen fokuserer vi på perioden fra 1890 til 1940, fordi den udgør en særlig periode i husholdningsuddannelsernes og -skolernes historie. Vi analyserer, hvad husholdningssagen betød for modernitetens indtog i de mindre byer og vurderer herunder også dens betydning i et klasse- og kønsperspektiv --- The Importance of Home Economics in a Small Town Perspective of Modernity. Women’s Education and Occupation in Home Economics Until the early 1900s, women in Denmark had only few educational opportunities. However, the societal changes that accompanied modernity also brought changes and education into the lives of women, who by then were predominantly working as homemakers. The movement of home economics emerged in the late 1800s as a multifaceted argument for making home economics an area of ​​knowledge and providing education for women, who did not until then have such opportunities, and provide better health for the population. From the early 1900s, several schools of home economics appeared all over the country, especially in rural areas and in areas of the smaller towns. The schools became very popular and ensured women an educational and an occupational pathway. Several  factors contributed to and influenced this development. Such factors included the nascent welfare state's ideas about education for all, changes of the labour market, the women's liberation movement and struggle for equality, and periods of scarcity of food and resources due to the wars of the time. Focusing on the period 1890 to 1940, we analyse how the home economics movement contributed to modernity in the smaller towns and consider its significance in a class and gender perspective

Adipose tissue arachidonic acid content is associated with the expression of 5-lipoxygenase in atherosclerotic plaques

BACKGROUND: The content of arachidonic acid in adipose tissue is positively associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, whereas the content of eicosapentaenoic acid in adipose tissue has been reported to be negatively associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. Both arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are substrates for the synthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and leukotrienes derived from eicosapentaenoic acid are generally much less potent. In this study we hypothesized that a high content of arachidonic acid in adipose tissue would reflect a high formation of arachidonic acid derived leukotrienes and a high expression of 5-lipoxygenase in atherosclerotic plaques. Likewise, we hypothesized that a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid in adipose tissue would reflect a low formation of arachidonic acid derived leukotrienes and a low expression of 5-lipoxygenase in plaques. METHODS: In a cross sectional study we included 45 consecutive subjects undergoing femoral thrombendarterectomy. The expression of 5-lipoxygenase in plaques was assessed by a semi-automated image analysis computer programme after immunohistochemical staining with mono-clonal 5-lipoxygenase antibodies. Leukotriene B(4) and cysteinyl leukotriene formation from stimulated femoral artery plaques was quantified using ELISA methods. The fatty acid content of adipose tissue biopsies from the thigh was analyzed using gas chromatography. Associations between variables were assessed by Pearson correlations and were further explored in a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: A high content of arachidonic acid in adipose tissue was associated with a higher expression of 5-lipoxygenase in plaques (r = 0.32, p = 0.03), but no significant associations with leukotriene B(4) (r = 0.22, p = 0.14) and cysteinyl leukotriene (r = −0.11, p = 0.46) formation was seen. No significant associations were found between the content of eicosapentaenoic acid in adipose tissue and 5-lipoxygenase expression or leukotriene formation in plaque. CONCLUSIONS: Adipose tissue arachidonic acid contents correlated positively with the expression of 5-lipoxygenase in plaques. This association might represent a causal link between adipose tissue arachidonic acid and the risk of myocardial infarction but confirmatory studies are needed