Automatische Indexierung auf Basis von Titeln und Autoren-Keywords – ein Werkstattbericht

Automatische Verfahren sind für Bibliotheken essentiell, um die Erschliessung stetig wachsender Datenmengen zu stemmen. Die Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft sammelt seit Längerem Erfahrungen im Bereich automatischer Indexierung und baut hier eigene Kompetenzen auf. Aufgrund rechtlicher Restriktionen werden unter anderem Ansätze untersucht, die ohne Volltextnutzung arbeiten. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in ein laufendes Teilprojekt, das unter Verwendung von Titeln und Autoren-Keywords auf eine Nachnormierung der inhaltsbeschreibenden Metadaten auf den Standard-Thesaurus Wirtschaft (STW) abzielt. Wir erläutern den Hintergrund der Arbeit, betrachten die Systemarchitektur und stellen erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse eines dokumentenorientierten Verfahrens vor.Automatic systems are indispensable for libraries in order to make the rapidly growing number of publications accessible to their users. In the past the ZBW – German National Library of Economics – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics has gained practical experience in this field. Due to legal constraints it currently investigates methods that solely use author generated descriptive metadata. This article gives an insight into on-going developments and relates them to past activities. We report on a promising document-oriented approach, which uses author keywords and titles in combination to automatically assign subject headings from the STW Thesaurus for Economics to a document

Signatures of human regulatory T cells: an encounter with old friends and new players

BACKGROUND: Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+ )regulatory T cells (T(Reg)) are involved in the control of autoimmune diseases, transplantation tolerance, and anti-tumor immunity. Thus far, genomic studies on T(Reg )cells were restricted to murine systems, and requirements for their development, maintenance, and mode of action in humans are poorly defined. RESULTS: To improve characterization of human T(Reg )cells, we compiled a unique microarray consisting of 350 T(Reg )cell associated genes (Human T(Reg )Chip) based on whole genome transcription data from human and mouse T(Reg )cells. T(Reg )cell specific gene signatures were created from 11 individual healthy donors. Statistical analysis identified 62 genes differentially expressed in T(Reg )cells, emphasizing some cross-species differences between mice and humans. Among them, several 'old friends' (including FOXP3, CTLA4, and CCR7) that are known to be involved in T(Reg )cell function were recovered. Strikingly, the vast majority of genes identified had not previously been associated with human T(Reg )cells (including LGALS3, TIAF1, and TRAF1). Most of these 'new players' however, have been described in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Real-time RT-PCR of selected genes validated our microarray results. Pathway analysis was applied to extract signaling modules underlying human T(Reg )cell function. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive set of genes reported here provides a defined starting point to unravel the unique characteristics of human T(Reg )cells. The Human T(Reg )Chip constructed and validated here is available to the scientific community and is a useful tool with which to study the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate T(Reg )cells under physiologic and diseased conditions

Endoscopic resection and allografting for benign osteolytic lesions of the calcaneus

Both unicameral bone cysts and intra-osseous lipoma of the calcaneus are rare entities which are mostly diagnosed due to unspecific heel pain, pathologic fracture or as an incidental finding. Minimally-invasive ossoscopy with endoscopic resection of the tumor followed by grafting can potentially minimize risks of open surgery and speed up convalescence. The objective of this study is to present a simple, safe and cost-effective surgical technique for endoscopic surgical treatment of benign osteolytic lesions of the calcaneus.We present our modifications to previously described techniques of endoscopic curettage with a particular focus on intraosseous lipoma. The key point for grafting is the use of a funnel-shaped ear speculum facilitating the plombage with allogenic cancellous bone chips.Between June 2013 and January 2015 ten consecutive patients underwent ossoscopy of the calcaneus. There were 4 cases of intraosseous lipoma and 6 cases of unicameral bone cyst. In a retrospective study, radiological results were analyzed using the Glutting-Classification, functional outcome was recorded with the AOFAS Hindfoot score.Radiographic follow-up and functional outcome showed good to excellent results. All lesions radiologically classified as "healed". AOFAS score (max. 100 pts) ranged from 74 to 100 (ø94.4 ± 9.3).This technique is a simple and safe procedure for benign osteolytic bone lesions of the calcaneus. Compared to its alternatives, grafting with allogenic cancellous bone might prove favourable in this localization for several reasons: Osteointegration, handling, availability and costs. Our preliminary investigations show promising results although further clinical and radiographic results are needed

Calcaneal Ossoscopy.

Both unicameral bone cysts and intraosseous lipoma of the calcaneus are rare entities that are mostly diagnosed because of unspecific heel pain, pathologic fracture, or as incidental finding. Minimally invasive ossoscopy with endoscopic resection of the tumor followed by grafting can potentially minimize risks of open surgery and speed up convalescence. We present our modifications to previously described techniques of endoscopic curettage with a particular focus on intraosseous lipoma and allogenic grafting. The key point for grafting is the use of a funnel-shaped ear speculum facilitating the plombage with allogenic cancellous bone chips. Compared with its alternatives, grafting with allogenic cancellous bone might prove favorable in this localization for several reasons: osteointegration, handling, availability, and costs. The objective of this technical note is to present a simple, safe, and cost-effective surgical technique for endoscopic surgical treatment of benign osteolytic lesions of the calcaneus

Distal femoral replacement with the MML system: a single center experience with an average follow-up of 86 months.

The aim of this study was to compare the functional outcomes and complication rates after distal femoral replacement (DFR) performed with the modular Munich-Luebeck (MML) modular prosthesis (ESKA/Orthodynamics, Luebeck, Germany) in patients being treated for malignant disease or failed total knee arthroplasty.A retrospective review of patient charts and a functional investigation (involving Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score [MSTS], American Knee Society Score [AKSS], Oxford Knee Score [OKS], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC], Toronto Extremity Salvage Score [TESS], the 12-Item Short-Form [SF-12] Health Survey, and a failure classification system developed by Henderson et al.) of DFR cases from 2002 to 2015 were conducted. The indications for DFR were malignant tumor resection in the femur (n = 20, group A) or failure of revision total knee arthroplasty without a history of malignant disease (n = 16, group B).One-hundred and twenty-nine patients were treated during the study period. Of these, 82 were analyzed for complications and implant-survival. Further, 36 patients were available for functional assessment after a mean follow-up of 86 months (range: 24-154). There were 75 complications in total. The overall failure rate for DFR was 64.6% (53/82 patients). The most common failure mechanisms were type III (mechanical failure), followed by type I (soft tissue) and type II (aseptic loosening). The mean MSTS score (out of 30) was 17 for group A and 12 for group B. All the clinical outcome scores revealed an age-dependent deterioration of function.DFR is an established procedure to restore distal femoral integrity. However, complication rates are high. Post-procedure functionality depends mainly on the patient's age at initial reconstruction

Analysis of the modular total knee arthroplasty system Modular-München-Lübeck (MML)

Modulare Megaprothesen des Kniegelenks wurden entwickelt um große Knochendefekte, wie sie nach der Resektion aggressiver, kniegelenksnaher Tumorerkrankungen entstehen können, alloarthroplastisch zu rekonstruieren. Bei zunehmendem Alter der Population steigt sowohl die Inzidenz der primären Kniegelenksprothesenimplantationen als auch die der Revisionsoperationen bei welchen häufig modulare Endoprothesensysteme zum Einsatz kommen. Die Ergebnisse nach Implantation einer modularer Megaprothese sind weder hinsichtlich Funktionalität noch Komplikationen ausreichend evaluiert und häufig als Fallberichte publiziert, so dass eine klinische Bewertung der Ergebnisse nur unvollständig möglich ist. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden deshalb in einem größeren Kollektiv die Ergebnisse nach Implantation einer modularen Tumor- und Revisionsprothese untersucht. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass zum einen sehr gute funktionelle und klinische Ergebnisse erreicht werden konnten, zudem wurde eine hohe Rate an mechanischen Komplikationen beobachtet. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass mit modularen Prothesensystemen eine individuelle Rekonstruktion große Defekte möglich ist und z.T. sehr gute klinische Ergebnisse erreicht werden können, auch dann, wenn klinisch relevante Defekte des Streckapparates vorhanden sind. Hohe mechanische Komplikationsraten zeigen aber auch die Notwendigkeit zur Verbesserung des Systems.Modular Megaprostheses of the knee have been developed for alloarthroplastic reconstruction of large bone defects that are often to be found after resection of malignant tumors of the knee. With increasing age, incidence of both primary total knee replacement and revision arthroplasty of the knee are constantly rising. In these cases, modular endoprosthetic systems of the knee can also be applied. Results after implantation of a modular megaprosthesis concerning both functionality and complications are not sufficiently evaluated and often published as case reports. Therefore, all too often, a clinical evaluation of the results is only inchoately possible. In a retrospective study, results of larger collective after implantation of a modular tumor-endoprothesis hence were analysed. On the one hand very good functional and clinical results were discovered, on the other hand a high rate of mechanical complications could be found. In conclusion it was established that individual reconstruction of large bone defects can be accomplished by using modular megaprostheses and, to some extent, very good clinical results can be achieved. Then again, a high rate of mechanical complications indicates the need of improvement of the system

[Metatarsalgia: Differential diagnosis and therapy].

Metatarsalgia refers to localized or generalized forefoot pain in the region of the metatarsal heads. Symptoms can be isolated or in combination with accompanying deformities occurring in the forefoot and/or hindfoot. Anamnesis and clinical investigation usually yield to the diagnosis, the underlying cause on the other hand is not always easy to identify. In the foreground of the treatment is the exhaustion of conservative forms of therapy to minimize the symptoms of local pressure increase and callus under the metatarsal heads. In addition, various surgical methods are available, such as corrective osteotomy of the metatarsale bone, soft tissue interventions and the correction of associated deformities. The indications for surgical intervention should be made with caution in order to avoid failures and complaints persisting after surgery. The most common problems are an inadequate indication for surgery, technical problems and insufficient postoperative treatment