Tree species assemblages

Data on plots of tree > 10 cm db

Classification of landscapes mosaics.

<p>This chart illustrates the definition of landscape mosaics by the intensity of agricultural use (columns) and the degradation of vegetative cover (rows). The letters designate land use intensity (A no agricultural use, B grassland, C swidden agriculture, and D paddy or permanent agriculture); the number designates vegetation status (1 forests, 2 open forests, 3 bush and shrub, 4 no vegetative land cover) Source: [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133418#pone.0133418.ref046" target="_blank">46</a>].</p

Trait dispersion analysis

R-script for functional trait dispersion analysi

Phylogenetic structure analysis

R-script for phylogenetic analyse

Accessibility and ethnicity as conditioning factors.

<p>Relative shares of landscape types (a) and ethno-linguistic families (b) along a gradient of accessibility, measured in travel time to the nearest district capital. Additionally, the poverty rate for each accessibility class is depicted in graph (b).</p

Assessing differences of poverty between landscapes.

<p>Boxplots of different landscapes showing the distribution of poverty rates. The labels of different landscapes (A1 to D4) correspond to the classification in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133418#pone.0133418.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. The letter designates land use intensity (A no agricultural land use, B grassland, C swidden agriculture, D paddy or permanent agriculture); the number designates vegetation status (1 forests, 2 open forests, 3 bush and shrub, 4 no vegetative land cover)</p

Spatial representation of the nexus between poverty, land use, and environment for northern Laos.

<p>Coloured polygons represent landscapes classified in terms of trade-offs between land use intensity and degradation of vegetation. Poverty is indicated by dot densities (1 dot = 50 persons). The total poor population in villages poorer than the national average is shown in red dots, while the total wealthier population in villages wealthier than the national average are shown in blue dots. Adapted from Messerli [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133418#pone.0133418.ref046" target="_blank">46</a>] under a CC BY license, original copyright 2009.</p

Phylogenetic tree-rooted

Species phylogeny for tree

Ethnicity and accessibility as determinants of the landsape–poverty nexus.

<p>The graph shows relations between accessibility as travel time to nearest district capitals in hours, and poverty rates for four different types of village land: ethnic minority swidden agriculture, ethnic minority paddy or permanent agriculture, ethnic majority swidden agriculture, and ethnic majority paddy or permanent agriculture.</p

Trait and phylogenetic similarity

R-script for trait and phylogenetic similarity analysi