Stirring the motivational soup: Within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed. © 2017 The Author(s)

L’espace rituel revisité : architecture et iconographie dans la Xestè 3 d’Akrotiri, Théra

The linking of the wall-painting compositions with specific walls and rooms in the monumental building Xeste 3 demonstrates the close relationship between Theran mural art and architecture, and confirms that the restoration and study of the wall-paintings is articulated equally with knowledge of the architectural idiom of a building and with the iconographic-interpretative interrelation of the wall-paintings themselves as thematic units. These paintings were designed and executed as parts of a composite iconographic code, axis of which are the stages and rituals in the initiation process of Theran adolescents in the Late Bronze Age, and were incorporated in a many-roomed, three-storey building that dominates a conspicuous public-open space, where the “secular” coexists with the “sacred” and the “religious”. For modern research, some of the scenes in the wall-paintings of Xeste 3 are of limited narrative value or of problematical affinity with others. We suppose that the events “narrated” reproduce images of rituals through the visual personification of defined social roles. The “images” of males and females with discreet characteristics of age, capacity and status, and their iconographic ranking within a dense mesh of reciprocally overlapping symbols, in stereotyped repetition (crocuses, flowers, rocks, swallows, monkeys, colours and properties of garments, jewellery) appear to visualize customary/ritual cycles which legitimize and endorse the biological and institutional development of members of the community, through rites of passage, ritual or mimetic “feats” and sanctioning eligibility to create a family. These cycles (of humans, animals, plants, as well as geometric motifs) are examined in association with the peculiar architecture of the building, and a series of issues is discussed, such as the manner of usage of the building and the limitations on access, the constructions and the moveable finds, and the role of light and of water. The architectural, iconographical and functional study of Xeste 3 places on a new basis the issue of “ritual” and “public/urban” space in the Creto-Mycenaean Aegean, favouring the conclusion of the complementary combination of these two concepts (traduction: Alexandra Doumas).Dans l’édifice monumental nommé Xestè 3, le rapport entre les fresques et certains murs ou certaines pièces démontre le lien étroit qui, à Théra, unissait la grande peinture et l’architecture. Il confirme également que la reconstruction et l’étude des fresques va de pair avec la connaissance de l’idiome architectural d’un bâtiment mais aussi avec une dialectique interprétative et iconographique qui relie entre elles les fresques elles-mêmes, en tant qu’entités thématiques. Ces œuvres peintes ont été tracées et exécutées comme les éléments d’un code iconographique synthétique, ayant pour axe les phases et les rites de la procédure d’initiation des jeunes gens de Théra à l’âge du Bronze récent. Elles ont été intégrées à un édifice de trois étages, aux pièces multiples, qui domine un lieu public en plein air prévu à cet effet, où le « civil » coexiste avec le « sacré » et le « religieux ». Pour le chercheur contemporain, plusieurs des scènes illustrées sur les peintures murales de la Xestè 3 ont une valeur narrative limitée, ou problématique dans leur relation contextuelle avec d’autres. À notre avis, les événements « narrés » reproduisent les images de rituels, au moyen de la personnification illustrée de certains rôles sociaux. Les « images » d’hommes et de femmes aux caractéristiques bien définies quant à leur âge, leur qualité et leur autorité, ainsi que leur hiérarchisation iconographique à travers un réseau dense de symboles, imbriqués dans la répétition de stéréotypes (crocus, fleurs, rochers, hirondelles, singes, couleurs et particularités des vêtements et des coiffures), permettent de visualiser des cycles de coutumes ou de rituels qui légalisent et valident le développement biologique et institutionnel des membres de la communauté au moyen de rites de passage, rituels consistant en imitation d’« exploits » et validation de la capacité à fonder une famille. Nous examinons ici ces cycles (hommes, animaux, plantes, mais aussi motifs géométriques) dans leur intégration à l’architecture particulière de l’édifice et nous discutons une série de questions, telles que le mode d’utilisation du bâtiment, les limitations d’accès, les installations et le mobilier, ainsi que le rôle de la lumière et de l’eau. L’étude architecturale, iconographique et fonctionnelle de la Xestè 3 pose, sur des bases nouvelles, la question de l’espace « rituel » et de l’espace « civil/public » dans le monde créto-mycénien ; elle arrive à une conclusion qui privilégie l’association complémentaire des deux notions.Vlachopoulos Andreas G. L’espace rituel revisité : architecture et iconographie dans la Xestè 3 d’Akrotiri, Théra. In: Espace civil, espace religieux en Égée durant la période mycénienne. Approches épigraphique, linguistique et archéologique. Actes des journées d'archéologie et de philologie mycéniennes, Lyon, 1er février et 1er mars 2007. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2010. pp. 173-198. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 54

L’espace rituel revisité : architecture et iconographie dans la Xestè 3 d’Akrotiri, Théra

The linking of the wall-painting compositions with specific walls and rooms in the monumental building Xeste 3 demonstrates the close relationship between Theran mural art and architecture, and confirms that the restoration and study of the wall-paintings is articulated equally with knowledge of the architectural idiom of a building and with the iconographic-interpretative interrelation of the wall-paintings themselves as thematic units. These paintings were designed and executed as parts of a composite iconographic code, axis of which are the stages and rituals in the initiation process of Theran adolescents in the Late Bronze Age, and were incorporated in a many-roomed, three-storey building that dominates a conspicuous public-open space, where the “secular” coexists with the “sacred” and the “religious”. For modern research, some of the scenes in the wall-paintings of Xeste 3 are of limited narrative value or of problematical affinity with others. We suppose that the events “narrated” reproduce images of rituals through the visual personification of defined social roles. The “images” of males and females with discreet characteristics of age, capacity and status, and their iconographic ranking within a dense mesh of reciprocally overlapping symbols, in stereotyped repetition (crocuses, flowers, rocks, swallows, monkeys, colours and properties of garments, jewellery) appear to visualize customary/ritual cycles which legitimize and endorse the biological and institutional development of members of the community, through rites of passage, ritual or mimetic “feats” and sanctioning eligibility to create a family. These cycles (of humans, animals, plants, as well as geometric motifs) are examined in association with the peculiar architecture of the building, and a series of issues is discussed, such as the manner of usage of the building and the limitations on access, the constructions and the moveable finds, and the role of light and of water. The architectural, iconographical and functional study of Xeste 3 places on a new basis the issue of “ritual” and “public/urban” space in the Creto-Mycenaean Aegean, favouring the conclusion of the complementary combination of these two concepts (traduction: Alexandra Doumas).Dans l’édifice monumental nommé Xestè 3, le rapport entre les fresques et certains murs ou certaines pièces démontre le lien étroit qui, à Théra, unissait la grande peinture et l’architecture. Il confirme également que la reconstruction et l’étude des fresques va de pair avec la connaissance de l’idiome architectural d’un bâtiment mais aussi avec une dialectique interprétative et iconographique qui relie entre elles les fresques elles-mêmes, en tant qu’entités thématiques. Ces œuvres peintes ont été tracées et exécutées comme les éléments d’un code iconographique synthétique, ayant pour axe les phases et les rites de la procédure d’initiation des jeunes gens de Théra à l’âge du Bronze récent. Elles ont été intégrées à un édifice de trois étages, aux pièces multiples, qui domine un lieu public en plein air prévu à cet effet, où le « civil » coexiste avec le « sacré » et le « religieux ». Pour le chercheur contemporain, plusieurs des scènes illustrées sur les peintures murales de la Xestè 3 ont une valeur narrative limitée, ou problématique dans leur relation contextuelle avec d’autres. À notre avis, les événements « narrés » reproduisent les images de rituels, au moyen de la personnification illustrée de certains rôles sociaux. Les « images » d’hommes et de femmes aux caractéristiques bien définies quant à leur âge, leur qualité et leur autorité, ainsi que leur hiérarchisation iconographique à travers un réseau dense de symboles, imbriqués dans la répétition de stéréotypes (crocus, fleurs, rochers, hirondelles, singes, couleurs et particularités des vêtements et des coiffures), permettent de visualiser des cycles de coutumes ou de rituels qui légalisent et valident le développement biologique et institutionnel des membres de la communauté au moyen de rites de passage, rituels consistant en imitation d’« exploits » et validation de la capacité à fonder une famille. Nous examinons ici ces cycles (hommes, animaux, plantes, mais aussi motifs géométriques) dans leur intégration à l’architecture particulière de l’édifice et nous discutons une série de questions, telles que le mode d’utilisation du bâtiment, les limitations d’accès, les installations et le mobilier, ainsi que le rôle de la lumière et de l’eau. L’étude architecturale, iconographique et fonctionnelle de la Xestè 3 pose, sur des bases nouvelles, la question de l’espace « rituel » et de l’espace « civil/public » dans le monde créto-mycénien ; elle arrive à une conclusion qui privilégie l’association complémentaire des deux notions.Vlachopoulos Andreas G. L’espace rituel revisité : architecture et iconographie dans la Xestè 3 d’Akrotiri, Théra. In: Espace civil, espace religieux en Égée durant la période mycénienne. Approches épigraphique, linguistique et archéologique. Actes des journées d'archéologie et de philologie mycéniennes, Lyon, 1er février et 1er mars 2007. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2010. pp. 173-198. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 54

Finite element analysis of medial closing and lateral opening wedge osteotomies of the distal femur in relation to hinge fractures

Abstract Purpose Intraoperative hinge fractures in distal femur osteotomies represent a risk factor for loss of alignment and non-union. Using finite element analysis, the goal of this study was to investigate the influence of different hinge widths and osteotomy corrections on hinge fractures in medial closed-wedge and lateral open-wedge distal femur osteotomies. Methods The hinge was located at the proximal margin of adductor tubercle for biplanar lateral open-wedge and at the upper border of the lateral femoral condyle for biplanar medial closed-wedge distal femur osteotomies, corresponding to optimal hinge positions described in literature. Different hinge widths (5, 7.5, 10 mm) were created and the osteotomy correction was opened/closed by 5, 7.5 and 10 mm. Tensile and compressive strain of the hinge was determined in a finite element analysis and compared to the ultimate strain of cortical bone to assess the hinge fracture risk. Results Doubling the correction from 5 to 10 mm increased mean tensile and compressive strain by 50% for lateral open-wedge and 48% for medial closed-wedge osteotomies. A hinge width of 10 mm versus 5 mm showed increased strain in the hinge region of 61% for lateral open-wedge and 32% for medial closed-wedge osteotomies. Medial closed-wedge recorded a higher fracture risk compared to lateral open-wedge osteotomies due to a larger hinge cross-section area (60–67%) for all tested configurations. In case of a 5 mm hinge, medial closed-wedge recorded 71% higher strain in the hinge region compared to lateral open-wedge osteotomies. Conclusion Due to morphological features of the medial femoral condyle, finite element analysis suggests that lateral-open wedge osteotomies are the preferable option if larger corrections are intended, as a thicker hinge can remain without an increased hinge fracture risk

An automatic genetic algorithm framework for the optimization of three-dimensional surgical plans of forearm corrective osteotomies

Three-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted corrective osteotomy has become the state-of-the-art for surgical treatment of complex bone deformities. Despite available technologies, the automatic generation of clinically acceptable, ready-to-use preoperative planning solutions is currently not possible for such pathologies. Multiple contradicting and mutually dependent objectives have to be considered, as well as clinical and technical constraints, which generally require iterative manual adjustments. This leads to unnecessary surgeon efforts and unbearable clinical costs, hindering also the quality of patient treatment due to the reduced number of solutions that can be investigated in a clinically acceptable timeframe. In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for the generation of ready-to-use preoperative planning solutions in a fully automatic fashion. An automatic diagnostic assessment using patient-specific 3D models is performed for 3D malunion quantification and definition of the optimization parameters' range. Afterward, clinical objectives are translated into the optimization module, and controlled through tailored fitness functions based on a weighted and multi-staged optimization approach. The optimization is based on a genetic algorithm capable of solving multi-objective optimization problems with non-linear constraints. The framework outputs a complete preoperative planning solution including position and orientation of the osteotomy plane, transformation to achieve the bone reduction, and position and orientation of the fixation plate and screws. A qualitative validation was performed on 36 consecutive cases of radius osteotomy where solutions generated by the optimization algorithm (OA) were compared against the gold standard solutions generated by experienced surgeons (Gold Standard; GS). Solutions were blinded and presented to 6 readers (4 surgeons, 2 planning engineers), who voted OA solutions to be better in 55% of the time. The quantitative evaluation was based on different error measurements, showing average improvements with respect to the GS from 20% for the reduction alignment and up to 106% for the position of the fixation screws. Notably, our algorithm was able to generate feasible clinical solutions which were not possible to obtain with the current state-of-the-art method

sj-xlsx-2-hol-10.1177_09596836241247300 – Supplemental material for Imprints of Holocene aridity variability in the Aegean Sea and interconnections with north-latitude areas

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-2-hol-10.1177_09596836241247300 for Imprints of Holocene aridity variability in the Aegean Sea and interconnections with north-latitude areas by Alexandra Noti, Maria Geraga, Lucas J Lourens, Ioannis Iliopoulos, Andreas G Vlachopoulos and George Papatheodorou in The Holocene</p

sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836241247300 – Supplemental material for Imprints of Holocene aridity variability in the Aegean Sea and interconnections with north-latitude areas

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836241247300 for Imprints of Holocene aridity variability in the Aegean Sea and interconnections with north-latitude areas by Alexandra Noti, Maria Geraga, Lucas J Lourens, Ioannis Iliopoulos, Andreas G Vlachopoulos and George Papatheodorou in The Holocene</p

Holocene Paleoenvironmental Evolution of a Semi-Enclosed Shallow Aegean Basin: A Combination of Seismic Stratigraphy and Sediment Core Proxies

The island of Astypalea (Greece), known for its rich and pristine archeological sites, encompasses a semi-enclosed silled basin that has been very susceptible to global sea levels and regional climate changes due to its relatively modern shallow sill of 4.7 m water deep that connects the Vathy bay with the adjacent Aegean Sea. To identify the causal relationship between regional climate, sea-level trajectories, and environmental change and their potential impact on hominine habitats on the island, we investigated a high-resolution seismic profile together with sediment, stable isotope, geochemical, and biotic proxies retrieved from a marine sediment core (ASTC1). Our results show that the basin was once isolated, and a marine inundation occurred at around 7.3 ka BP, which is older than expected, based on global sea level reconstructions. The entire transition from isolation to full marine conditions was accomplished in three major phases: (1) non-marine isolated conditions between 9–7.3 ka BP, (2) semi-isolated hypersaline marsh and lagoonal conditions between 7.3 and 4.1 ka BP, and (3) semi-isolated shallow marine conditions of today (4.1 ka BP to present). High water alkalinity, elevated organic content, and heavier isotopic signals indicate relatively arid conditions in the region that favored Sr-rich carbonate precipitation within the 7.3–6 ka BP interval. On the other hand, freshwater biota, along with a high Corg/N ratio and lighter isotopic signal, showed wetter conditions, at least for the intervals 8–7.3 ka and 6–5.4 ka BP, in contrast to the aridification trend seen as 4.1 ka to present. Finally, the hominine habitat evolution at around 6 ka BP might be attributed to the wetter conditions and the freshwater source provided by the bay at that time.ISSN:2073-444

Holocene Paleoenvironmental Evolution of a Semi-Enclosed Shallow Aegean Basin: A Combination of Seismic Stratigraphy and Sediment Core Proxies

The island of Astypalea (Greece), known for its rich and pristine archeological sites, encompasses a semi-enclosed silled basin that has been very susceptible to global sea levels and regional climate changes due to its relatively modern shallow sill of 4.7 m water deep that connects the Vathy bay with the adjacent Aegean Sea. To identify the causal relationship between regional climate, sea-level trajectories, and environmental change and their potential impact on hominine habitats on the island, we investigated a high-resolution seismic profile together with sediment, stable isotope, geochemical, and biotic proxies retrieved from a marine sediment core (ASTC1). Our results show that the basin was once isolated, and a marine inundation occurred at around 7.3 ka BP, which is older than expected, based on global sea level reconstructions. The entire transition from isolation to full marine conditions was accomplished in three major phases: (1) non-marine isolated conditions between 9&ndash;7.3 ka BP, (2) semi-isolated hypersaline marsh and lagoonal conditions between 7.3 and 4.1 ka BP, and (3) semi-isolated shallow marine conditions of today (4.1 ka BP to present). High water alkalinity, elevated organic content, and heavier isotopic signals indicate relatively arid conditions in the region that favored Sr-rich carbonate precipitation within the 7.3&ndash;6 ka BP interval. On the other hand, freshwater biota, along with a high Corg/N ratio and lighter isotopic signal, showed wetter conditions, at least for the intervals 8&ndash;7.3 ka and 6&ndash;5.4 ka BP, in contrast to the aridification trend seen as 4.1 ka to present. Finally, the hominine habitat evolution at around 6 ka BP might be attributed to the wetter conditions and the freshwater source provided by the bay at that time