THE ECONOMICS OF ENFORCEMENT OF TITLE VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964

t. F" j! ; &quot

Affine Lie Algebras in Massive Field Theory and Form-Factors from Vertex Operators

We present a new application of affine Lie algebras to massive quantum field theory in 2 dimensions, by investigating the $q\to 1$ limit of the q-deformed affine $\hat{sl(2)}$ symmetry of the sine-Gordon theory, this limit occurring at the free fermion point. Working in radial quantization leads to a quasi-chiral factorization of the space of fields. The conserved charges which generate the affine Lie algebra split into two independent affine algebras on this factorized space, each with level 1 in the anti-periodic sector, and level $0$ in the periodic sector. The space of fields in the anti-periodic sector can be organized using level-$1$ highest weight representations, if one supplements the \slh algebra with the usual local integrals of motion. Introducing a particle-field duality leads to a new way of computing form-factors in radial quantization. Using the integrals of motion, a momentum space bosonization involving vertex operators is formulated. Form-factors are computed as vacuum expectation values in momentum space. (Based on talks given at the Berkeley Strings 93 conference, May 1993, and the III International Conference on Mathematical Physics, String Theory, and Quantum Gravity, Alushta, Ukraine, June 1993.)Comment: 13 pages, CLNS 93/125

Caracter?sticas de la comprensi?n de los enunciados en la resoluci?n de problemas para la sustracci?n de tipo comparaci?n

105 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEn este estudio se examina las caracter?sticas de la comprensi?n de los enunciados en la resoluci?n de problemas para la sustracci?n de tipo comparaci?n, en estudiantes de grado 4?, por medio de unos cuestionarios realizados a 38 estudiantes de una instituci?n educativa oficial en la ciudad de Ibagu?. Con esto se pretende organizar la informaci?n de manera descriptiva apoyado por autores c?lebres en la educaci?n matem?tica como lo es Maza (1991), Luce?o (1999), Puig y Cerdan (1988) entre otros; que brindan insumos para la estructuraci?n de procesos fundamentales en la comprensi?n de enunciados. Las categor?as formadas desde las respuestas de los ni?os, tales como comprensi?n lectora, comprensi?n matem?tica, formulaci?n de m?todos de soluci?n y otras (est?n orientadas por el marco te?rico), que son fundamentales para un entendimiento m?s claro y practico en los ni?os, deben ser analizadas de manera detallada para poder generar una verdadera comprensi?n en los enunciados. Con respecto a los problemas, arrojan resultados heterog?neos; considerando que, para la comprensi?n adecuada, los estudiantes deben encontrarse en los mayores niveles de cada categor?a al cursar el grado 4?, es decir, se encuentra dificultades en cada una de las categor?as establecidas en este documento. Palabras clave: resoluci?n de problemas, comprensi?n, categor?as, estructura, comparar.In this research the characteristics of the mathematical formulations understanding in problem-solving for comparison-type subtraction are examined in 38 fourth graders of an official educative Institution in Ibague through some questionnaires. This is intended to organize the information in a descriptive manner, supported by mathematics education famous authors as Maza (1991), Luce?o(1999), Puig and Cerdan (1988), among others; who provide input for fundamental processes structuration in mathematical formulations understanding. The categories formed from students? answers, as reading comprehension, mathematics comprehension, formulation of settlement methods, and other (they are oriented by the theoretical framework) are essential for a clearer and more practical understanding among children and should be analyzed in detail to generate genuine comprehension of the mathematical formulations. Regarding problems, they show mixed results; considering that, for a proper comprehension, students must be at the highest levels of each category when studying 4th grade, namely, they are found difficulties in each of the categories established in this document. Keywords: problem-solving, comprehension, categories, structure, to compare

La importancia del juego en el desarrollo motriz del ni?o en la edad preescolar de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n de Ibagu? Tolima

66 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto de investigaci?n fue realizado con el fin de conocer las dificultades motrices de las estudiantes de preescolar de la Instituci?n Educativa Exalumnas de la Presentaci?n de la ciudad de Ibagu?, en los aspectos l?dicos deportivos, desarrollo psicol?gico, social y aprendizajes. Pretendiendo aplicar estrategias pedag?gicas donde el juego sea la herramienta para el desarrollo motriz de la edad preescolar. Es as?, que este trabajo de investigaci?n descriptivo tiene como finalidad definir, clasificar y caracterizar el objeto de estudio sobre la importancia del juego en el desarrollo de las ni?as, d?ndonos como resultado una muestra cualitativa, observacional donde se registrar el comportamiento habitual de los educandos. De igual forma nos basamos en autores como Piaget que nos muestra el juego y los juguetes como "materiales ?tiles" para el desarrollo psicomotor, sensorio motor, cognitivo, del pensamiento l?gico y del lenguaje en el ni?o y Vigotsky que habla del juego como instrumento y recurso socio-cultural, el papel gozoso de ser un elemento impulsor del desarrollo mental del ni?o, facilitando el desarrollo de las funciones superiores del entendimiento tales como la atenci?n o la memoria voluntaria. Como resultados esperados se busca que por medio del juego se puedan desarrollar dichas habilidades motrices de las ni?as de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente nombrado y con el apoyo de directivos docentes y dem?s entes que nos pueden brindar su colaboraci?n y aportes para la realizaci?n de dicho proyecto.This research project was carried out with the purpose of knowing the motor difficulties of the preschool students of the Educational Institution Exalumnas of the Presentation of Ibague city, in the sporting aspects, psychological, social development and learning. Pretending to apply pedagogical strategies where the game is the tool for the motor development of the preschool age. Thus, this descriptive research aims to define, classify and characterize the object of study on the importance of game in the development of girls, giving us as a result a qualitative, observational sample where the usual behavior of learners. Likewise, we are based on authors such as Piaget who shows us the game and toys as "useful materials" for the psychomotor, sensory motor, cognitive development of logical thinking and language in the child and Vigotsky that speaks of the game as an instrument and Socio-cultural resource, the joyful role of being a driving force of the child's mental development, facilitating the development of higher functions of understanding such as attention or voluntary memory. As expected results it is sought that through the game can be developed such motor skills of the girls of the educational institution exalumnas of the presentation taking into account the aforementioned and with the support of teaching directors and other entities that can provide their collaboration and contributions for the realization of this project. Keywords: Motor, game, learning, strategy, development, psychological, socia

Presen?a e com?dia : o teatro de Martins Pena e a busca da nacionalidade (1838 - 1847).

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Artes C?nicas. Instituto de Filosofia, Artes e Cultura, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar o projeto teatral de Martins Pena a partir da hip?tese de constru??o de uma Nacionalidade marcada pela orienta??o ?tico-pol?tica presente em sua obra. Partimos da suposi??o de que parte da sua fortuna cr?tica, por ter sido elaborada por uma tradi??o historiogr?fica anterior que tendia a n?o alocar pot?ncia intelectual e cr?tica nas com?dias, deixou escapar seus aspectos de cr?tica da realidade social, n?o enfatizando em sua obra a presen?a de um clima hist?rico marcado pelas diversas tens?es pol?ticas e sociais em jogo no interior de um tempo hist?rico acelerado, como era o caso do Brasil ap?s a independ?ncia de Portugal. A fim de tornar poss?vel a compreens?o de uma Modernidade brasileira, o Cap?tulo I discute conceitos-chave como o de presen?a, sentido e clima-hist?rico (stimmung), conceitos fundamentais para a orienta??o te?rica e epistemol?gica empreendida na abordagem da Modernidade. O cap?tulo II, por sua vez, discute a Trag?dia e a Com?dia como g?neros historicamente distintos, mas que caracterizam duas faces de um mesmo clima hist?rico oitocentista marcado pela melancolia e busca de forma??o de uma identidade nacional. Para tanto, abordaremos o ano de 1838 como central, posto que marca tanto a estreia da trag?dia de Gon?alves de Magalh?es, O Poeta e A Inquisi??o, quanto na estreia da primeira com?dia de Martins Pena, O Juiz de Paz na Ro?a. Objetivou-se assim caracterizar este per?odo como profundamente marcado por intensos debates e disputas liter?rias e teatrais, fundamentais para a constru??o e intensifica??o do imagin?rio da na??o. J? o cap?tulo III investiga o que as com?dias de Martins Pena presentificam desta na??o em constru??o, revelando aspectos da realidade social brasileira em seu esbo?o nascente, por dar voz ?quele que seria um dos principais debates do per?odo: quem seria o povo que constitui esta Na??o? Ap?s compreendermos o que grupos diversos de ent?o entendiam como povo iremos investigar como se d? os efeitos de presen?a de cada um deles por meio da linguagem da com?dia e ampliando esta em dire??o a outros elementos presentes no clima hist?rico de ent?o, a saber: a presen?a do estrangeiro como o ?outro?, a presen?a da escravid?o atrav?s da viol?ncia e do sil?ncio, o universo feminino, o Brasil f?sico, ?geogr?fico?, que se mostra atrav?s do contraste. Por fim, conclu?mos que a presen?a fortemente acentuada nas com?dias de Martins Pena revela uma intensa necessidade de experimentar um tempo que muda de forma acelerada por meio de uma est?tica voltada para emo??o do riso. O sentido capaz de ser extra?do de suas pe?as, por sua vez, s? pode ser compreendido a luz do pr?prio tempo em que foram elaboradas, em um c?rculo hermen?utico.The aim of this research is to investigate the theatrical project of Martins Pena, starting from the hypothesis that there is, in his work, a strong presence of an ethical-political orientation to constitution of Brazilian nationality. We start from the assumption that part of his critical fortune, once elaborated by an earlier historiographic tradition that did not see intellectual or critical power in comedies, had a limited approaching to his work, keeping out some critical aspects of social reality. The presence of historical cultural moods (Stimmung) in his comedies were there not highlighted back then, despite the existence of several political and social tensions rising after Brazil?s independence. Chapter I will discuss some key concepts such as presence, meaning, and historical cultural moods. These are milestones of our theoretical and epistemological approach to understand Modernity in Brazil. Chapter II, on the other hand, will discuss Tragedy and Comedy as historically distinct genres, whose differences characterize two sides of 19th century atmosphere, deeply marked by melancholy as a fundamental cultural mood and by the sought of a national identity. In order to do so, we will approach 1838 as a central year when the debut of Gon?alves de Magalh?es' tragedy, O Poeta e a Inquisi??o, and the premiere of Martins Pena's first comedy, O Juiz de Paz na Ro?a, took place. The aim here was to present this epoch as heavily influenced by intense literary debates and theatrical disputes. These debates and disputes were essential to the construction and fortification of the nation's imaginary. Chapter III investigates what Martins Pena's comedies presentify in his works as a sense of an under-construction nation, revealing 19th century Brazilian social reality in its outlines, as he opens space to the main debate of the period: who are the people who constitute this Nation? After discussing what assorted groups were understood then as Brazilian nationals, we will investigate how each of them are presented and affects the cultural mood of comedy. Discussion here will be expanded towards other elements present in that epochal cultural moods, namely: the foreigner?s presence identified as the 'other', the slavery presentified as violence and silence, the female universe, the physical, 'geographical' Brazil, which is exposed in its regional contrasts. Finally, we conclude that what is presentified in Martins Pena's comedies reveals an intense need to experience those time?s rapid changes throughout the aesthetic emotion of laughter. Their extracted meaning, by its turn, can only be understood in the light of the very time in which they were elaborated, as in a hermeneutic circle

Visita??es episcopais: processos de Devassa ocorridos no Arraial do Tijuco, Capitania de Minas Gerais, 1750

Este trabalho prop?e a an?lise da forma??o, desenvolvimento e processamento da Visita??o Episcopal ocorrida no Arraial do Tijuco, localizado na Capitania das Minas Gerais, que aconteceu no ano de 1750. Neste momento, ocorreu no referido Arraial a reda??o dos Termos de Devassas de Culpa, documenta??o que est? dispon?vel no Arquivo Eclesi?stico da Mitra Arquidiocesana de Diamantina. Foram realizadas a leitura e a transcri??o destes documentos, sendo identificados 46 termos. Pela an?lise dos Termos de Devassa, ? poss?vel entender os procedimentos das Visitas, especificamente nos processos de julgamento dos moradores do Arraial do Tijuco e verificar ainda que havia uma a??o ?educacional? que estava presente nos processos, uma vez que se considera que as condena??es possu?am um m?rito disciplinador. Por meio dos processos, a Igreja Cat?lica demonstrava que, se outras pessoas cometessem o mesmo crime, estariam sujeitas ?s penalidades descritas nas Constitui??es Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia, promulgadas em 1707. Observa-se que, nos processos de Visita??o Episcopal e nas Devassas, todo o movimento de apura??o de um determinado delito cometido por algum membro da sociedade colonial era conduzido por uma autoridade da Igreja. A autoridade era exercida por um prelado ou por um sacerdote incumbido pelo Bispo para visitar as comarcas, com o objetivo de conhecer, in loco, o comportamento da popula??o. Neste trabalho, s?o apresentadas algumas quest?es, como por exemplo, a estrutura da Visita Episcopal e a sua rela??o com as leis escritas em tempos coloniais, al?m de uma breve explana??o sobre o Direito Can?nico, a Inquisi??o do Santo Of?cio de Portugal, as Devassas e as Constitui??es Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia. Por fim, observa-se que, pela an?lise das fontes, as din?micas processuais da justi?a do Antigo Regime, al?m da forma de como foram realizados os ritos, pr?ticas e querelas, seguiam uma linha similar. Isto ? notado entre os v?rios termos de Devassa estudados e, no caso espec?fico, ?quelas do Arraial do Tijuco, que foram na quase totalidade sobre o crime de concubinato.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.This work proposes the analysis of formation, development and processing of the Episcopal Visitation occurred in the Arraial do Tijuco, located in the Minas Gerais Captaincy, that occurred in the year of 1750. In this moment, the writing of the Devassas? Terms of Guilty occurred in the referred Arraial, documentation that is available in the Ecclesiastic Archives of the Archdiocesan Mithra of Diamantina. The reading and transcription of these documents were realized, identifying 46 terms. By the analysis of the Terms of Devassa, it is possible to understand the proceedings of the Visits, specifically in the judgment process of the inhabitants of the Arraial do Tijuco, and to verify that also an ?educational? action was present in these processes, since it is considered the condemnations had a disciplinary merit. Through the processes, the Catholic Church demonstrated that, if other people committed the same crime, they would be subjected to the penalties described in the First Constitutions of the Archbishop of Bahia, promulgated in 1707. It is observed that, in the Episcopal Visitation processes and in the Devassas, an authority of the Church conducted all ascertainment movement of a certain delict committed by some member of the colonial society. The authority was exerted by a prelate or a sacerdotal member tasked by the authority to visit the counties with the objective of know, in loco, the behavior of the population. In this work, some questions are presented, as for instance, the structure of the Episcopal Visit and its relation with the laws written during colonial times, in addition to a brief explanation about the Canon Law, the Inquisition of the Holy Spirit of Portugal, the Devassas and the First Constitutions of the Archbishop of Bahia. Lastly, it is observed that, by the analysis of the sources, the processual dynamics of the justice of the Antique Regimen, in addition to the way of how the rites, practices and squabbles were realized, followed a similar line. This is noted among the various Terms of Devassa studied and, in the specific case, those from the Arraial do Tijuco, which were almost entirely regarding the crime of concubinage

Plantas arom?ticas que vivifican mi ser, la yerbabuena, limoncillo, cidr?n, or?gano y manzanilla

63 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa sociedad actual frecuentemente se desvincula de los conocimientos te?rico-pr?cticos referentes al empleo de las plantas arom?ticas, olvidando los beneficios en los ?mbitos educativos, familiar y social; como objetivo central se definen estrategias pedag?gicas que favorezcan el reconocimiento y comprensi?n del beneficio con la utilizaci?n de cinco plantas arom?ticas: yerba buena, limoncillo, cidr?n, or?gano y manzanilla, en los estudiantes del CER Socorro de Sabanas del Municipio de Santa Fe de Antioquia y de la I.E. Atanasio Girardot del Municipio de Bello; con Metodolog?a de Investigaci?n Acci?n (IA) considerando los intereses del colectivo frente a la utilizaci?n y beneficios de las plantas arom?ticas, sus efectos curativos, y su empleo en emplastos, bebidas, ba?os, laxantes, entre otros usos. Se cumple con el perfil de la Licenciatura en Educaci?n B?sica establecido por la Universidad del Tolima; se aprecian hallazgos referidos a un grado de concientizaci?n respecto al empleo y uso de las plantas arom?ticas. Result? gratificante para la poblaci?n beneficiaria la adquisici?n de las nociones impartidas, la distribuci?n de macetas y el disfrute de tisanas en cada encuentro para la recolecci?n de informaci?n y socializaci?n final de los resultados. Es gratificante, como evidencia del trabajo y para afianzar los saberes tradicionales, enriquecidos con el enfoque te?rico-pr?ctico de la propuesta, la elaboraci?n y distribuci?n del M?dulo Sembramos la salud. Amerita resaltar la recuperaci?n del patrimonio generado a trav?s de los conversatorios con la comunidad adulta y los educadores de ambas instituciones educativas vinculadas.ABSTRACT. Today's society often split with the theoretical and practical knowledge regarding the use of herbs , forgetting the benefits in education , family and social spheres; like the central objective of teaching strategies that encourage the recognition and understanding of the benefit with the use of five aromatic plants: good grass, lemongrass, Cidr?n , oregano and chamomile in CER students Relief Sheets Municipality of Santa Fe de Antioquia and EI Atanasio Girardot Municipality of Bello ; Research Methodology in Action ( IA ) considering the interests of the collective over the use and benefits of herbs , their healing effects , and their use in plasters, drinks, bathrooms, laxatives, among other uses. It complies with the profile of the Bachelor of Primary Education established by the University of Tolima; findings related to a degree of awareness regarding the employment and use of aromatic plants are appreciated. Gratifying for the acquisition target population received notions, the distribution of pots and enjoys teas at each meeting for the collection of information and socialization of end results. It is gratifying, as evidence of the work and to strengthen traditional knowledge, enriched with theoretical and practical approach of the proposal, development and distribution of sow health module. Amerita highlight the recovery of assets generated through community conversations with adult educators and educational institutions both linked.INTRODUCCI?N 15 1. ANTECEDENTES DEL PROBLEMA 16 1.1. T?TULO DEL TRABAJO 16 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 19 3. FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA 20 3.1 PREGUNTA MOVILIZADORA 20 3.2 PROBLEMA 20 4. OBJETIVOS 22 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 22 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 22 5. MARCO GENERAL 23 5.2 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 24 5.2.1 Contexto comunitario 24 5.3 COMPONENTE PEDAG?GICO 27 5.3.1 Categor?as generales cultura 27 5.4 COMPONENTE ESPEC?FICO DE ESTUDIO 29 5.4.1 Categor?as espec?ficas 29 5.4.2 Plantas arom?ticas 29 5.4.3 Formas de uso 31 5.4.4 Beneficios 32 5.5 CONSOLIDADO DE LAS PLANTAS OBJETO DE ESTUDIO 32 6. DISE?O METODOL?GICO DEL PROCESO INVESTIGATIVO 40 6.1 POBLACI?N BENEFICIARIA 40 6.2 METODOLOG?A DE TRABAJO 41 6.3 UNIVERSO Y MUESTRA 41 6.4 TIPO DE ESTUDIO 41 6.5 ?REA DE ESTUDIO 42 6.6 PROCEDIMIENTOS DEL DISE?O METODOL?GICO 43 6.7 ESTRATEGIAS DE TRABAJO 43 6.8 INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 44 7. AN?LISIS DE LA INFORMACI?N 45 7.1 ACTIVIDADES POR DESARROLLAR 45 7.1.1 Etapa inicial 45 7.1.2 Etapa de ejecuci?n 46 7.1.3 Etapa de finalizaci?n 46 8. CRONOGRAMA 47 9. PRESUPUESTO GLOBAL DE LA PROPUESTA 50 10. RECURSOS 53 11. CONCLUSIONES 54 RECOMENDACIONES 55 REFERENCIAS 5

State-Dependent Decisions Cause Apparent Violations of Rationality in Animal Choice

Normative models of choice in economics and biology usually expect preferences to be consistent across contexts, or “rational” in economic language. Following a large body of literature reporting economically irrational behaviour in humans, breaches of rationality by animals have also been recently described. If proven systematic, these findings would challenge long-standing biological approaches to behavioural theorising, and suggest that cognitive processes similar to those claimed to cause irrationality in humans can also hinder optimality approaches to modelling animal preferences. Critical differences between human and animal experiments have not, however, been sufficiently acknowledged. While humans can be instructed conceptually about the choice problem, animals need to be trained by repeated exposure to all contingencies. This exposure often leads to differences in state between treatments, hence changing choices while preserving rationality. We report experiments with European starlings demonstrating that apparent breaches of rationality can result from state-dependence. We show that adding an inferior alternative to a choice set (a “decoy”) affects choices, an effect previously interpreted as indicating irrationality. However, these effects appear and disappear depending on whether state differences between choice contexts are present or not. These results open the possibility that some expressions of maladaptive behaviour are due to oversights in the migration of ideas between economics and biology, and suggest that key differences between human and nonhuman research must be recognised if ideas are to safely travel between these fields

Dynamo in Weakly Collisional Nonmagnetized Plasmas Impeded by Landau Damping of Magnetic Fields

We perform fully kinetic simulations of flows known to produce dynamo in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), considering scenarios with low Reynolds number and high magnetic Prandtl number, relevant for galaxy cluster scale fluctuation dynamos. We find that Landau damping on the electrons leads to a rapid decay of magnetic perturbations, impeding the dynamo. This collisionless damping process operates on spatial scales where electrons are nonmagnetized, reducing the range of scales where the magnetic field grows in high magnetic Prandtl number fluctuation dynamos. When electrons are not magnetized down to the resistive scale, the magnetic energy spectrum is expected to be limited by the scale corresponding to magnetic Landau damping or, if smaller, the electron gyroradius scale, instead of the resistive scale. In simulations we thus observe decaying magnetic fields where resistive MHD would predict a dynamo

About measuring the stress intensity factor of cracks in curved, brittle shells

Most techniques of measuring the stress intensity factor (SIF) in the cracking process assume a crack in a planar medium. Currently, there is no effective approach for curved brittle shells, particularly for non-developable cases, i.e., shapes with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature. This paper introduces a novel approach to obtaining material properties related to fracture by experimentally observing weakly curved surfaces. Based on the DIC record of the displacement field around the crack tip, the truncated Williams expansion is fitted to the data adjusted according to the shallow shell equations. The convergence properties of the method are investigated by comparing experimental data of PMMA cylinders to theoretical and numerical predictions. The applicability of the technique to non-developable surfaces is verified. It is demonstrated that robust convergence requires the number of terms in the Williams expansion exceeding 6. For different geometries, the ratio of the data selection radius and the length of the crack should exceed 0.3