La argumentación como estrategia para fortalecer la toma de decisiones en los estudiantes de grado quinto y octavo de la IED El Carmen de Guachetá

159 páginasEn el presente trabajo, se plantea la implementación de estrategias didácticas orientadas hacia el fortalecimiento de la argumentación en estudiantes de quinto y octavo, que supongan la transformación de las prácticas pedagógicas en la institución educativa departamental El Carmen del municipio de Guachetá. La investigación desarrollada utiliza una metodología cualitativa a través de categorías de análisis correspondientes a prácticas pedagógicas, argumentación y toma de decisiones. Los resultados buscan analizar el impacto de la transformación de las prácticas pedagógicas en los procesos de argumentación y toma de decisiones a partir de la construcción de argumentos siguiendo el modelo Toulmin, con base en cuestiones sociocientíficas. Inicialmente se caracterizaron las prácticas pedagógicas y los niveles de argumentación de los estudiantes con el objetivo de diseñar unidades didácticas pertinentes de acuerdo a la estructuración del contexto. Posteriormente se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las actividades planteadas de la unidad, analizando el nivel de argumentación en la toma de decisiones que presentan los estudiantes

Valorization of the Sabinas Forest Waste (Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus thurifera) as Source of Biopesticides

Objectives: The potential forestry use of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus thurifera pruning woods is studied by analyzing the composition of the woods and testing the biological activities of the corresponding components with the ultimate target of finding new biopesticides. Methods: The air-dried wood from each plant was crushed and subjected to hydrodistillation, and the residue was extracted with a Soxhlet apparatus using different solvents. The corresponding extracts were fractionated, and their composition were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The ixodicidal and antifungal activities of the different samples obtained were evaluated. Results: The fraction oxygenated of the essential oil from both J. thurifera (cedrol >60%) and J. phoenicea shows a remarkable bioactivity as antitick with EC50 values of 3.4 μg/mg and 10 μg/mg, respectively. Cedrol and methyl hinokiate, present in the hexane extract J. thurifera, show a potent antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger with EC50 values of 45.99 and 52.23 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Pruning woods from these species proved to be renewable and easily accessible sources of bioactive natural products such as cedrol, thujopsene, nootkatone, and totarol.MINISTERIO de CIENCIA e INNOVACIÓN, PID2019-106222RB-C31/SRA, PID2019-106222RBC32/ SRA (State Research Agency, 10.13039/501100011033)Unidad Asociada UGR-CSIC Bioplaguicidas: Biotecnología, Síntesis y Diversidad químic

Circulating DNA and survival in solid tumors

[Background]: The ability to undertake molecular analysis to inform on prognosis and predictors of response to therapy is limited by accessibility of tissue. Measurement of total circulating free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood may allow easier access to tumor material and help to predict clinical outcomes. [Methods]: A systematic review of electronic databases identified publications exploring the association between cfDNA or ctDNA and overall survival (OS) in solid tumors. HRs for OS were extracted from multivariable analyses and included in a meta-analysis. Pooled HRs were computed and weighted using generic inverse variance and random-effect modeling. For studies not reporting multivariable analyses, univariable ORs were estimated from Kaplan-Meier curves for OS at 1 and 3 years. [Results]: Thirty-nine studies comprising 4,052 patients were included in the analysis. Detection of ctDNA was associated with a significantly worse OS in multivariable analyses [HR, 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.02-3.61; P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the univariable analyses at 3 and 1 year (OR, 4.83; 95% CI, 3.20-7.28; P < 0.001).There was also a statistically significant association between high total cfDNA and worse OS for studies reporting multivariable and univariate data at 3 years (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.59-2.29; P < 0.001 and OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.93-4.13; P < 0.001, respectively). [Conclusions]: High levels of total cfDNA and presence of ctDNA are associated with worse survival in solid tumors. [Impact]: Circulating DNA is associated with worse outcome in solid tumors.This work was supported by grants from CRIS cancer foundation (to A. Ocaña and A. Pandiella).Peer Reviewe

Dumb Perú

Como respuesta al constante aumento en la demanda de prendas textiles de la población y como respuesta a las problemáticas identificadas (falta de comodidad y personalidad en la ropa “de moda”) nace “Dumb”. “Dumb” no es solo una marca, si no el nombre del personaje que da vida a la misma, un oso perezoso. Este personaje ofrece prendas de “anti-moda”, ropa grande y minimalista, cómoda y que permita a nuestro público expresarse mediante el y sus prendas. Los clientes se podrán comunicar con la empresa (que interactúa como el personaje a modo de diferenciación) a través de redes sociales, siendo accesible y permitiendo una relación más cercana y amigable. La relación calidad/diseño/precio de las prendas y artículos de “Dumb” es siempre de 1, manteniendo los tres pilares en los estándares más altos. En el trabajo de investigación a presentar a continuación, se muestra la proyección realizada para los tres primeros años de vida del proyecto tanto a nivel de ingresos, costos, gastos y otros egresos, estados financieros y finalmente viabilidad del emprendimiento.As a response to the constant increase in the population's demand for textile garments and in response to the problems identified (lack of comfort and personality in “fashionable” clothing), “Dumb” was born. "Dumb" is not just a brand, but the name of the character that gives life to it, a sloth bear. This character offers "anti-fashion", large, minimalist, comfortable clothing and that allows our public to express themselves through him and his outfits. Customers will be able to communicate with the company (which interacts as the character for differentiation purposes) through social networks, being accessible and allowing a closer and more friendly relationship. The quality / design / price ratio of “Dumb” garments and articles is always 1, keeping the three pillars at the highest standards. In the research work to be presented below, the projection made for the first three years of the project's life is shown both at the level of income, costs, expenses and other expenses, financial statements and finally viability of the venture.Trabajo de investigació

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Valle del Cauca y Nariño

El presente trabajo contiene el análisis de diferentes hechos de violencia vividos por individuos y comunidades en el territorio colombiano. Como es el caso de Amparo quien en la comisión de la verdad nos narra la desaparición forzosa de su esposo al igual que otros tantos colombianos y cómo en su afán de esclarecer la verdad termina convirtiéndose en objetivo militar viéndose obligada a ser una más de tantas exiliadas para salvaguardar su vida. De igual manera el relato de los habitantes del Salado quién sufrieron una de las masacres y otras formas de violencia más terribles a manos de un grupo armado casi que al amparo del Estado. Desde la formación y experiencia como estudiantes de psicología de la UNAD y el abordaje teórico-conceptual del Diplomado de profundización y acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia; se da a conocer la relevancia que tiene el acompañamiento psicosocial, a la hora de brindar una atención integral y de reparación en los casos presentados en este documento. Es conocido por todos que nuestro país sufre una problemática psicosocial generada por el conflicto armado interno y la violencia que conlleva a un millar de dificultades, no solo a las víctimas de la misma, sino a toda la sociedad colombiana. En el presente trabajo se definen diferentes estrategias y mecanismos de abordaje psicosocial los cuales nos permiten realizar un análisis profundo de la realidad del caso, de esta manera nos es posible presentar un plan de intervención que dé respuesta a las necesidades psicosociales de la población víctima de la violencia vivida en la masacre del municipio del Salado. El desarrollo de cada uno de los puntos solicitados en la guía de esta fase permitió ahondar en los conceptos fundamentales que alimentan la praxis psicosocial de acompañamiento en escenarios de violencia, a partir de la técnica de la foto voz y el enfoque narrativo. Se tomó como referencia el caso de los habitantes del municipio del Salado, los cuales fueron víctimas de una cruenta masacre; presentándose asesinatos selectivos, abuso sexual y desplazamiento forzado. Al igual que el de Amparo la cual sufrió la desaparición de un ser querido y el exilio. Estos casos fueron analizados desde el enfoque narrativo dando respuesta a ítems planteados desde la guía.This paper contains the analysis of different acts of violence experienced by individuals and communities in Colombian territory. As is the case of Amparo who, in the truth commission, tells us about the forced disappearance of her husband, like so many other Colombians, and how in her desire to clarify the truth, she ends up becoming a military objective, being forced to be one more of many exiles. to save his life. Similarly, the story of the inhabitants of Salado who suffered one of the most terrible massacres and other forms of violence at the hands of an armed group almost under the protection of the State. From the training and experience as psychology students at UNAD and the theoretical-conceptual approach of the Diploma of deepening and psychosocial accompaniment in scenes of violence; the relevance of psychosocial support is made known, when it comes to providing comprehensive care and reparation in the cases presented in this document. It is known to all that our country suffers from a psychosocial problem generated by the internal armed conflict and the violence that leads to a thousand difficulties, not only for its victims, but for the entire Colombian society. In the present work, different strategies and mechanisms of psychosocial approach are defined, which allow us to carry out an in-depth analysis of the reality of the case, in this way it is possible for us to present an intervention plan that responds to the psychosocial needs of the victim population. the violence experienced in the massacre of the municipality of Salado. The development of each of the points requested in the guide for this phase allowed us to delve into the fundamental concepts that feed the psychosocial praxis of accompaniment in scenes of violence, based on the photovoice technique and the narrative approach. The case of the inhabitants of the municipality of Salado who were victims of a bloody massacre was taken as a reference; Selective killings, sexual abuse and forced displacement occur. Like that of Amparo who suffered the disappearance of a loved one and exile. These cases were analyzed from the narrative approach, responding to items raised from the guide

Prevalencia y factores personales y del hogar relacionados con trastornos del sueño en adolescentes escolarizados de 12 a 17 años, segundo semestre de 2019

Los trastornos del sueño son una patología en la cual los patrones normales del sueño sufren una modificación en su duración y calidad, lo cual se puede manifestar como sueño deficiente, excesivo o como una conducta anormal durante el mismo. La adolescencia se ve afectada en gran medida por diversos factores, esto los hace un grupo vulnerable y altamente expuesto a presentar algún tipo de dicho trastorno. Se busca con la investigación determinar la prevalencia y las características personales y del hogar, relacionadas con los trastornos del sueño en adolescentes escolarizados entre 12 y 17 años en instituciones educativas públicas del área metropolitana de Barranquilla durante el segundo semestre de 2019. Para esto se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo transversal. Se estudiaron 476 adolescentes escolarizados de tres instituciones públicas. Se aplicó cuestionario que recoge información sobre calidad de sueño, variables sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, acceso a tecnología, depresión y ansiedad. Se utilizó el programa Excel para la base de datos y SPSS Statistics 23 de IBM para procesamiento de variables y análisis estadístico. La prevalencia de trastornos del sueño en adolescentes fue de 60.7 % con mayor frecuencia del mismo en el sexo femenino OR= 1,9(1,3-2,8), edad 16– 17 años OR=2,18 (1,3-3,5), consumo alcohol OR=2,32 (1,6-3,3), y se asocia a la presencia de depresión, para la depresión severa OR= 4,3 (1,8-10,8) y la ansiedad. Se concluye que más de la mitad de los adolescentes presentan trastornos del sueño y están asociados a algunas las variables estudiadas.PregradoMedic

Role of cooperative groups and funding source in clinical trials supporting guidelines for systemic therapy of breast cancer

Clinical research is conducted by academia, cooperative groups (CGs) or pharmaceutical industry. Here, we evaluate the role of CGs and funding sources in the development of guidelines for breast cancer therapies. We identified 94 studies. CGs were involved in 28 (30%) studies while industry either partially or fully sponsored 64 (68%) studies. The number of industry funded studies increased over time (from 0% in 1976 to 100% in 2014; p for trend = 0.048). Only 10 (11%) government or academic studies were identified. Studies conducted by GCs included a greater number of subjects (median 448 vs. 284; p = 0.015), were more common in the neo/adjuvant setting (p < 0.0001), and were more often randomized (p = 0.018) phase III (p < 0.0001) trials. Phase III trial remained significant predictor for CG-sponsored trials (OR 7.1 p = 0.004) in a multivariable analysis. Industry funding was associated with higher likelihood of positive outcomes favoring the sponsored experimental arm (p = 0.013) but this relationship was not seen for CG-sponsored trials (p = 0.53). ASCO, ESMO, and NCCN guidelines were searched to identify systemic anti-cancer therapies for early-stage and metastatic breast cancer. Trial characteristics and outcomes were collected. We identified sponsors and/or the funding source(s) and determined whether CGs, industry, or government or academic institutions were involved. Chi-square tests were used for comparison between studies. Industry funding is present in the majority of studies providing the basis for which recommendations about treatment of breast cancer are made. Industry funding, but not CG-based funding, was associated with higher likelihood of positive outcomes in clinical studies supporting guidelines for systemic therapy

Exploring the Role of Third Party Logistic (TPL) Companies as Enablers for Collaborative Systems and Blue Ocean Strategy in Supply Chain Management

Programa de Doctorat en Empresa[eng] This doctoral thesis investigates the potential of third-party logistics (TPL) companies as key facilitators of collaborative systems and the implementation of the blue ocean strategy within the realm of supply chain management (SCM). The research is motivated by the need to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of logistic operations by leveraging the capabilities of TPL companies and exploring new avenues for their involvement in SCM. The thesis begins with a comprehensive bibliometric study spanning the last two decades, focusing on the research landscape surrounding TPL companies. Additionally, an exhaustive literature review is conducted to understand the possibilities and untapped potential of TPL companies as enablers for collaborative systems among various supply chain stakeholders. This investigation reveals a significant research gap and highlights the opportunity for TPL companies to assume a more prominent role in shaping the future of SCM. Building upon these findings, the thesis then delves into a detailed analysis of the factors influencing logistic operations through a model comprising eight key dimensions. The research employs partial least squares (PLS) and draws insights from a survey conducted with logistics professionals in Spanish companies. The results support the hypothesis that TPL companies can contribute to improving SCM efficiency, particularly through their active participation in daily supply chain operations. The practical implications underscore the logical and feasible integration of TPL companies as strategic partners, capable of fostering collaborative approaches within supply networks, such as the implementation of Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) systems. Moreover, this thesis expands the investigation to examine the relationship between the implementation of the blue ocean strategy and the operation of TPL companies. By conducting a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature. Although limited in number, the selected research papers indicate the favorable outcomes of employing the blue ocean strategy, allowing companies to transcend direct competition and focus on innovation. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence directly linking outsourced logistics systems with the application of the blue ocean strategy. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis emphasizes the need for further exploration and substantiation of the benefits associated with implementing the blue ocean strategy in conjunction with TPL operations. The findings provide compelling evidence supporting the advantages of both collaborative systems and the blue ocean strategy for company growth, innovative product development, and expanded customer reach. This research opens up an intriguing path for future investigations, encouraging scholars to delve deeper into this area and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in supply chain management, particularly with regard to the role of TPL companies and the application of the blue ocean strategy

Exploring the Role of Third Party Logistic (TPL) Companies as Enablers for Collaborative Systems and Blue Ocean Strategy in Supply Chain Management

[eng] This doctoral thesis investigates the potential of third-party logistics (TPL) companies as key facilitators of collaborative systems and the implementation of the blue ocean strategy within the realm of supply chain management (SCM). The research is motivated by the need to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of logistic operations by leveraging the capabilities of TPL companies and exploring new avenues for their involvement in SCM. The thesis begins with a comprehensive bibliometric study spanning the last two decades, focusing on the research landscape surrounding TPL companies. Additionally, an exhaustive literature review is conducted to understand the possibilities and untapped potential of TPL companies as enablers for collaborative systems among various supply chain stakeholders. This investigation reveals a significant research gap and highlights the opportunity for TPL companies to assume a more prominent role in shaping the future of SCM. Building upon these findings, the thesis then delves into a detailed analysis of the factors influencing logistic operations through a model comprising eight key dimensions. The research employs partial least squares (PLS) and draws insights from a survey conducted with logistics professionals in Spanish companies. The results support the hypothesis that TPL companies can contribute to improving SCM efficiency, particularly through their active participation in daily supply chain operations. The practical implications underscore the logical and feasible integration of TPL companies as strategic partners, capable of fostering collaborative approaches within supply networks, such as the implementation of Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) systems. Moreover, this thesis expands the investigation to examine the relationship between the implementation of the blue ocean strategy and the operation of TPL companies. By conducting a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature. Although limited in number, the selected research papers indicate the favorable outcomes of employing the blue ocean strategy, allowing companies to transcend direct competition and focus on innovation. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence directly linking outsourced logistics systems with the application of the blue ocean strategy. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis emphasizes the need for further exploration and substantiation of the benefits associated with implementing the blue ocean strategy in conjunction with TPL operations. The findings provide compelling evidence supporting the advantages of both collaborative systems and the blue ocean strategy for company growth, innovative product development, and expanded customer reach. This research opens up an intriguing path for future investigations, encouraging scholars to delve deeper into this area and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in supply chain management, particularly with regard to the role of TPL companies and the application of the blue ocean strategy