10 research outputs found

    The embeddedness of digital infrastructures for data collection by the Courts of Accounts

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    This study aimed to identify the trajectories for data collection automation in various Courts of Accounts (Tribunais de Contas), the standard features of the systems that have emerged, and the impacts on fiscal and accounting oversight in Brazil. Data collection automation is part of the digital transformation in the field of auditing; however, the literature on public sector auditing in Brazil, on digital transformation, or digital infrastructure, does not analyze how this transformation occurs and how the infrastructures are stabilized and shape the field of auditing. Data collection automation has unexpected implications for the content of public sector audits and the financial management of the public sector auditees. Identifying the trajectories for digital tools of data collection automation enables a discussion on whether currently adopted solutions vary and the effects on the standardization of government audits. The automation of data collection by the Court of Accounts, particularly its scope and frequency, affects how the audited public organizations prioritize the adoption and maintenance of accounting, budgeting, and financial planning policies and processes. The digital infrastructures that emerge from these digital tools shape the entire field of auditing, they become embedded, and they increase the cost of future changes, perpetuating the heterogeneity in the auditing and financial management of governments in the Brazilian federation. The article presents a longitudinal case study (1994 to 2020), with narratives built based on questionnaires and interviews with auditors from 26 Courts of Accounts. The automation of budgetary and accounting data collection by Courts of Accounts has changed the logic of the field of government auditing in Brazil. The digital infrastructures that emerge by connecting Courts and the audited public organizations under their jurisdictions have embedded concepts, definitions, and implicit expectations in a remote auditing logic

    The effects of turnover on accountants’ practices in Brazilian local governments

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    O artigo discute os efeitos da rotatividade de equipes de contabilidade sobre a execução e adoção de práticas executadas por esta equipe em cerca de 2.800 prefeituras brasileiras. Para tal, foram estimados três modelos quantitativos em que a execução de práticas pela equipe de contabilidade (com diferentes graus de complexidade) foi analisada em função da rotatividade de servidores de departamentos de contabilidade. Verificou-se que a rotatividade de equipes de contabilidade nas prefeituras (i) está associada com a troca dos prefeitos; e, (ii) impacta negativamente a execução e adoção de práticas complexas, contudo, o efeito é inverso quando as práticas são consideradas simples. O artigo contribui ao diminuir a significativa falta de evidenciação empírica sobre a rotatividade de cargos técnico-burocráticos, que supostamente seriam predominantemente posições estáveis nas organizações do setor público brasileiro. No contexto da reforma da contabilidade aplicada ao setor público, o artigo discute e traz implicações para a organização dos municípios, órgãos normatizadores e Tribunais de Contas.We explore the effects of turnover on the execution and adoption of practices executed by accountants in approximately 2,800 Brazilian municipalities. We developed three quantitative models in which turnover affect practices with different degrees of complexity. We find that accountants' turnover in municipalities is (i) associated with the change of mayors; and (ii) negatively impacts the execution and adoption of complex accounting practices; however, the opposite occurs when practices are simple. The article contributes reducing the lack of empirical evidence on the turnover of technical-bureaucratic positions, allegedly tenured in the Brazilian public sector organizations. In the context of public sector accounting reform, the article discusses and present implications for the internal organization of municipalities, and the role of standard setters and Courts of Accounts

    Conflicting logics at Courts of Accounts and the weakening of its social relevance

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    Tribunais de Contas são organizações de auditoria do setor público, responsáveis por fiscalizar as contas e entrega de serviços de mais de 5500 municípios brasileiros. Parte das suas competências, e das atividades que desempenham, ajudariam a legitimar políticas públicas e a moldar o comportamento de servidores e gestores nos municípios auditados. Apesar desta potencial relevância, os Tribunais de Contas tornaram-se mais conhecidos na sociedade por conta de escândalos envolvendo parte dos seus membros. Esta tese busca compreender as dinâmicas relacionais e a distribuição de poder dentro dos Tribunais de Contas e como isso pode afetar as atividades desenvolvidas por estes órgãos e, consequentemente, seus resultados esperados. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, triangulando entrevistas com diversos atores do campo organizacional e análise de documentos. Com base em conceitos da teoria institucional sociológica, foram observadas duas logicas institucionais conflitantes que coexistem nos Tribunais de Contas. A lógica elite-patrimonialista, é caracterizada pela busca a maximização (ou manutenção) de ganhos políticos, econômicos ou culturais por um grupo específico de atores organizacionais. Por sua vez, a lógica técnico-profissional visa proteger o interesse público e otimizar o gasto de recursos pelos governos de forma objetiva e impessoal. Em geral, os resultados apontam que atores com maior poder relativo na organização se utilizam de barganhas interpessoais e reciprocidade para induzir práticas ligadas à lógica elite-patrimonialista que estão dispersas ao longo de todo fluxo de auditoria nos Tribunais de Contas. Tais práticas influenciam negativamente a independência destas organizações - que é um fator crucial para a qualidade de auditoria - seja reduzindo a capacidade de auditoria ou não reportando fielmente, na emissão dos pareceres prévios, os seus achados. Além disso, observou-se que estratégias de poder sistêmico e episódico são utilizadas para desenhar e manter um conjunto de más práticas organizacionais, ou seja, aquelas que ferem princípios legais e morais. Dessa forma, a tese demonstra que a relevância social dos Tribunais de Contas é apenas latente, sendo necessário desbloquear esta organização para atingir seu pleno potencialCourts of Accounts are the public sector audit organizations responsible for overseeing financial reports and service delivery of more than 5,500 Brazilian municipalities. The Courts\' mandate, and the activities performed, helps to legitimize public policies and to shape the behavior of audited local governments\' civil servants and managers. Despite this potential relevance, the Courts of Accounts have become better known in society because of scandals involving part of their members. Relying in a qualitative approach, triangulating interviews with various actors in the organizational field and document analysis, this thesis seeks to understand relational dynamics and the distribution of power within the Courts of Accounts and how this may affect the activities performed by these organizations and, consequently, their expected outcomes. Based on concepts of neo-institutional sociology, two conflicting institutional logics that coexist in the Courts of Auditors were found. The elite-patrimonialist logic is characterized by the maximization (or maintenance) of political, economic or cultural gains by a specific group of organizational actors. On the other hand, the technical-professional logic aims to protect the public interest and optimize resource expenditures by governments in an objective and impersonal way. In general, actors with greater relative power in the organization use interpersonal bargaining and reciprocity to induce practices linked to elite-patrimonialist logic that are dispersed throughout the audit flow within the Courts of Accounts. Such practices undermine the independence of these organizations - which is a crucial factor for audit quality - either by reducing audit capacity or by not faithfully reporting audit findings in their public reports. Also, it was observed that systemic and episodic forms of power are used to design and maintain a set of practices related to organizational wrongdoing that violate legal and moral principles. Thus, the thesis demonstrates that the social relevance of the Courts of Accounts is only latent, and it is necessary to unblock this organization to reach its full potentia

    Public sector accounting reforms and courts of accounts

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    A presente pesquisa discute a legitimação da autoridade de normatização da contabilidade aplicada ao setor público para a Secretária do Tesouro Nacional (STN), a atuação dos Tribunais de Contas no processo de convergência às International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) e a preparação para a atuação com Auditoria Financeira em municípios. A convergência para normas internacionais de contabilidade levou ao questionamento da autoridade na regulação contábil aplicada ao setor público em meados de 2009, e passou a demandar a estruturação da função de Auditoria Financeira no nível sub-nacional, dada a necessidade de consolidação do Balanço do Setor Público Nacional (BSPN) e a expectativa de melhoria do grau de accountability. Procedeu-se análise documental e foram realizadas 25 entrevistas com atores chave. A resposta dos diversos Tribunais de Contas quanto ao processo de Auditoria Financeira tem sido incentivar a criação de Controles Internos nos municípiosThis research discusses the legitimation of authority on accounting standardization applied to the public sector to the Treasury (STN), the role of Courts of Accounts in the process of convergence with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and the preparation for the acting with Financial Audit on municipalities. The convergence with international accounting standards led to the questioning of the authority on the accounting regulation applied to the public sector in mid-2009, and went on to demand the structuring of the Financial Audit function in the sub-national level, given the need to consolidate the Whole of Government Acounts (BSPN) and the expectation of improving the level of accountability. Proceeded to documental analysis and were carried out 25 interviews with key actors from the reform process. The response of the various Courts of Accounts on the financial audit process has been encouraging the creation of Internal Control in municipalitie

    The diversity of the Brazilian regional Audit Courts on government auditing

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    <div><p>ABSTRACT Currently, the 33 regional audit courts are responsible to monitor the public financial management cycle for states and municipalities and to judge the compliance of governors’ acts to the laws regarding procurement and civil servants’ employment from more than 20,000 governmental entities under their jurisdiction. This article aims to analyze the diversity of internal configuration of these regional audit courts and to discuss the potential associations with the financial auditing quality their teams usually run. We conducted interviews with external auditors and IT directors from 18 courts, followed by triangulation to official documents from the audit courts, such as audit manuals and activities reports. The audit quality drivers were identified within the governmental auditing literature, supporting the evidences collected by the interviews content analysis. Despite all regional auditing bodies in Brazil were based on the Napoleonic model, the analysis indicates the identified configurations vary according to the team’s organization and size, auditor rotation and use of data reporting systems. The discussion shows that dissimilarities on the courts’ configurations, as they are responsible to audit a specific country area, will contribute to a different coercion level on fiscal and accounting issues to state and municipalities, due a combination of characteristics which could mitigate or improve the audit quality. This paper additionally suggests some precautions, based on the organization alignment literature, for the use of proxies to control audit quality effects in the public finance studies in Brazil.</p></div

    The embeddedness of digital infrastructures for data collection by the Courts of Accounts

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as trajetórias de automatização da coleta de dados em diversos Tribunais de Contas, as características comuns aos sistemas que emergiram e os impactos para os controles fiscal e contábil no Brasil. A automação de coleta de dados é parte da transformação digital no campo de auditoria, porém, as literaturas de auditoria pública no Brasil, de transformação digital ou de infraestrutura digital, não analisam como tal transformação se dá e como as infraestruturas se estabilizam e moldam o campo de auditoria. A automação da coleta de dados traz implicações inesperadas para o conteúdo da auditoria pública e de gestão financeira dos órgãos fiscalizados. A identificação das trajetórias dessa automatização permite discutir as diversas soluções presentes no campo e como isso afeta a uniformização da auditoria de governos. A automatização da coleta de dados pelos Tribunais de Contas, sobretudo o escopo e a frequência dessa coleta, induz como os órgãos fiscalizados priorizam a adoção e a manutenção de políticas e processos contábeis, orçamentários e de planejamento financeiro. As infraestruturas digitais que emergem desses sistemas moldam todo o campo de auditoria, enraízam-se e aumentam o custo de mudança futuro, perpetuando a heterogeneidade na fiscalização e na administração financeira de governos na federação. O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso longitudinal (1994 a 2020), com narrativas construídas a partir de questionários e entrevistas com analistas de controle externo de 26 Tribunais de Contas. A automatização da coleta de dados orçamentários e contábeis pelos Tribunais de Contas tem alterado a lógica do campo de auditoria de governos no Brasil. As infraestruturas digitais que emergem ao conectar Tribunais e seus jurisdicionados enraizaram conceitos, definições e expectativas implícitas na lógica de auditoria remota.This study aimed to identify the trajectories for data collection automation in various Courts of Accounts (Tribunais de Contas), the standard features of the systems that have emerged, and the impacts on fiscal and accounting oversight in Brazil. Data collection automation is part of the digital transformation in the field of auditing; however, the literature on public sector auditing in Brazil, on digital transformation, or digital infrastructure, does not analyze how this transformation occurs and how the infrastructures are stabilized and shape the field of auditing. Data collection automation has unexpected implications for the content of public sector audits and the financial management of the public sector auditees. Identifying the trajectories for digital tools of data collection automation enables a discussion on whether currently adopted solutions vary and the effects on the standardization of government audits. The automation of data collection by the Court of Accounts, particularly its scope and frequency, affects how the audited public organizations prioritize the adoption and maintenance of accounting, budgeting, and financial planning policies and processes. The digital infrastructures that emerge from these digital tools shape the entire field of auditing, they become embedded, and they increase the cost of future changes, perpetuating the heterogeneity in the auditing and financial management of governments in the Brazilian federation. The article presents a longitudinal case study (1994 to 2020), with narratives built based on questionnaires and interviews with auditors from 26 Courts of Accounts. The automation of budgetary and accounting data collection by Courts of Accounts has changed the logic of the field of government auditing in Brazil. The digital infrastructures that emerge by connectingCourts and the audited public organizations under their jurisdictions have embedded concepts, definitions, and implicitexpectations in a remote auditing logic

    Uso Cerimonial de Relatórios de Riscos Fiscais na Gestão Municipal

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    O trabalho analisa o uso restrito para fins de compliance dos relatórios Anexos de Riscos Fiscais (ARF) exigidos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal em municípios entre 100 e 200 mil habitantes dos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. A análise comparou, para o período de 2011 a 2016, o ARF de cada município com os modelos divulgados em manuais da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, Tribunais de Contas e associações, assim como com o ARF divulgado pela Capital do correspondente estado. Adicionalmente, foi analisada a variação ao longo dos anos do conteúdo dos ARFs divulgados pelo mesmo município. As evidências mostram que o conteúdo informacional dos anexos fiscais é mais restrito à medida que os anexos mostram maior similaridade com os modelos sugeridos pelos órgãos normatizadores. A similaridade pode ser resultado de busca por legitimação ou redução de incerteza pelos municípios, motivados para apresentarem os relatórios como demandado pela regulação fiscal. Discute-se que a percepção dos municípios de que a simples entrega do relatório em questão é suficiente para atender a regulação, e a baixa percepção da utilidade da informação para gestão fiscal, geram a entrega para compliance

    Digital affordances and remote public audit practice

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    As public sector organizations are undergoing a digital transformation, public auditing is increasingly relying on technology to enable it to collect and analyze large amounts of data. We analyze how the introduction and development of digital artifacts in a governmental audit setting end up affording audit practices. Focusing on the introduction of computer-assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATTs) developed by Courts of Accounts in Brazil, our findings indicate that the digital infrastructure maintained by each Court in Brazil is the material center of a dominant frame of remote compliance audit practice. Besides CAATTs’ interface, scripts and algorithms in the infrastructure's backstage also add to the affordance of the digital devices used by auditors—that is, auditors’ action possibilities molded by technology. Through interviews with governmental auditors, we provide evidence on how CAATTs afford their practices while showing that auditors are not fully aware of how their skepticism and autonomy are being affected by the introduction of such devices and by the reinforcement of remote audit practice
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