Analyse du mode de gestion de la forêt classée de Maro face à des pressions agropastorales au Burkina Faso

Les forêts classées au Burkina Faso, malgré les différentes mesures qui règlementent leurs accès, subissent de nos jours, une forte pression anthropique. Pour mieux appréhender cette pression, l’étude est portée sur la forêt classée de Maro. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le mode de gestion des ressources naturelles de la forêt classée de Maro au regard des pressions agropastorales. La démarche méthodologique par enquête à travers des interviews structurées et basée sur une approche systémique de 87 acteurs, a permis de déterminer les facteurs physiques de la pratique agropastorale et d’analyser l’implication des acteurs dans le processus de gestion de la forêt. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent au niveau des facteurs physiques que la non maitrise de la limite de la forêt, la recherche de terres fertiles ainsi que la recherche d’alimentation pour le bétail sont des facteurs clés qui favorisent la pratique agropastorale à l’intérieur de cette forêt. Au niveau de l’implication des acteurs, les résultats révèlent une insuffisance d’implication de tous les acteurs dans le processus de gestion des ressources naturelles forestières de la forêt classée de Maro. Pour réduire ces pratiques agropastorales, il sera nécessaire de développer des pratiques innovantes de gestion durable des terres, favoriser la visibilité des limites de la forêt au profit de la population et créer un cadre de concertation entre acteurs. Afin de garantir une gestion efficace, il serait nécessaire d’élaborer et rendre opérationnel un dispositif de surveillance. Despite the various measures that regulate access to classified forests in Burkina Faso, they are currently under strong anthropogenic pressure. To better understand this pressure, the study is focused on the Maro classified forest. In this context, the main objective of this article is to analyse the management of the natural resources of the Maro classified forest in relation to agropastoral pressures. The methodological approach by survey through structured interviews and based on a systemic approach of eighty-seven (87) stakeholders, made it possible to determine the physical factors of agropastoral practice and to analyze the involvement of stakeholders in the forest management process. The results of this analysis show in terms of physical factors that the lack of control of the forest boundary, the search for fertile land and the search for livestock feed are key factors that promote agropastoral practice in the interior of this forest. In terms of stakeholder involvement, the results reveal a lack of involvement of all stakeholders in the management process of the natural forest resources of the Maro classified forest. In order to reduce these agro-pastoral practices, it will be necessary to develop innovative sustainable land management practices, promote the visibility of forest boundaries for the benefit of the population and create a framework for consultation between stakeholders. In order to guarantee effective management, it will be necessary to develop and make operational a monitoring system

Acute toxicity tests of two herbicides diuron and atrazine on the beetle Crenitis sp in Volta Basin, Burkina Faso

Acute toxicity tests were performed on Crenitis spp (Coleoptera; Hydrophilidae) using two herbicides, atrazine and diuron in the laboratory. The experiment was to investigate the effect of high doses of these pollutants in individually and together for 12 h each on Crenitis spp a species that abounds during the dry period in the shallow hydro-agricultural waters reservoirs of the Volta Basin. Individual macroinvertebrates were collected from puddle areas of the shoreline of Bama Reservoir in the Volta basin. The dry period is the period of rest for agricultural activities at the reservoir. Tests have shown that the toxic effects of the two herbicides on the species of beetles can be enhanced when the both products act synergistically. For diuron, the effective concentration that immobilizes 50% (EC50) of the insects is 44.96 g/l only, but drops to 11.72 g/l in the mixture; while in the same order, atrazine shows 11.75 g/l only and then drops to 7.33 g/l in synergy. It is concluded from this study that works on ecotoxicology should consider the additive or synergistic effects of herbicides to define the bioecological traits of macroinvertebrate species living in frequently polluted hydro-agricultural systems