Mezőgazdasági tervek a szándékos károkozás és/vagy az elmebaj határán a Rákosi-éra Magyarországán

K

A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MODELS OF SOFT SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS

A methodology for determining models of a soft and ill-defined system is dealt with. The approach outlined is based on the model reconstruction by intelligent agents monitoring the trajectory of model behavior and reconstructing it to obtain models describing the real systems to be simulated. The methodology that has already proven its value by solving problems in various fields by applying it using a simulation system where it was implemented is dealt with. It is shown how effects among the various model elements can be tuned. This methodology may be of significant value in the field of micro- and macro-economy. The application of the procedure is illustrated on a small example utilizing high level Petri nets in an unconventional way

The fat and protein content of the sheep milk under different conditions

In Hungary the Hungarian Combing Merino has been and still is the most common sheep breed. In order to increase the milk production traits, especially the milk components, several crossings were made. In an experiment lasting three years the fat, protein and dry matter contents of the milk produced by ewes belonging to different genotypes: Merino, (Merino x East-Friesian) F1, (Merino x Langhe) F1, (Merino x Sarda) F1, (Merino x Pleven) F1 and (Merino x Awassi) F1 were studied. The test milkings of the ewes were carried out fortnightly, twice a day. From the study the following conclusions could be drawn: (i) the East-Friesian F1 ewes produced the largest amount of fat, protein and dry matter in their milk; followed by Langhe F1, Sarda F1, Pleven F1, Awassi F1 and Merinos in the ranking; (ii) the improvement in conditions gave an increased yield of the studied traits; and (iii) the pre-selection of Merinos on the basis of milk production should be made prior to the start of crossbreeding considering to increase the milk production traits

Economic necessity for developing the milk sector

The Merinos dominating in the Hungarian sheep industry and the profitability of sheep production is not as high as would be necessary. Economic analysis was made to find out the possible break-even points. According to the results, the increase of milk production might be the key to solve this problem, but some conditions should be considered. Regarding the data presented the possible conclusions might be summarized as follows: Enlarging the stock without improving the phenotypic background is not profitable. This method will lead to a deadlock. The utilization of milk breeds under the present conditions could be realized: (i) if the costs of changing the breeding animals could be covered from other sources, since national sources are not available; (ii) if the attitude of the managers and employees of milk sheep farms could change; and (iii) if the price of milk was reasonable and the state purchase prices could reach the average prices of the EU (1 Euro/litre)