Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Different Vinegrape Leaves

The volume of the grape waste produced directly relates to the volume of grapes pressed and in turn depends on the specific climatic conditions of the relevant vintage. The aim of this work is to evaluate vinegrape leaves as a potential source of natural antioxidants – polyphenols for their possible use as dietary supplement or food antioxidants. To this purpose antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic compounds of the leaves extracts of five grape varieties of Vitis vinifera L (Vranac, Prokupac, Merlot, Gamay and Italian Rizling), grown in southern Serbia were investigated. The analysis show high content of polyphenols reflecting their high antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9819, p<0.01). According to the obtained results, the leaves extracts, can be considered rich natural source of phenolic compounds with good antioxidant properties

Genetička divergentnost divljih populacija Mačijeg repa (Phleum pratense L.)

The collection consisted of 10 autochthonous populations of timothy, originated from eastern, western and south-eastern Serbia was investigated. Several morphological traits and dry matter yield were measured. Significant differences between populations were detected by analysis of variance of two-year results. The highest average within population variability was determined for the dry matter yield per plant (CV 85.08%). The highest variability was, also, determined for the number of tillers (CV 64.88%), while the lowest variability was determined for time of heading (CV 5.8%). The highest dry matter yield per plant was measured in the population of Crni Vrh, Rendara and Nerađe locality. Also, these populations had high average values for the other studied traits.Na kolekciji od 10 autohtonih populacija mačijeg repa poreklom iz istočne, zapadne i jugoistoične Srbije proučavane su morfološke osobine i produktivnost suve materije. Na osnovu dvogodišnjih rezultata analizom varijanse su utvrđene značajne razlike između ispitivanih populacija. Prosečno najveća unutarpopulacijska varijabilnost je zabeležena za prinos suve materije po biljci (85,08%). Visoka varijabilnost je zabeležena i za broj izdanaka po biljci (64,88%), dok je najmanje variranje utvrđeno za vreme klasanja (5,8%). Najveći prinos suve materije po biljci utvrđen je za populacije poreklom sa lokaliteta Crni Vrh, Rendara i Nerađe. One su takođe pokazale visoke prosečne vrednosti i za ostale ispitivane osobine

Colletotrichum Linicola - Osetljivost različitih genotipova lucerke

Southern anthracnose or crown rot, caused by Colletotrichum linicola, is a disease that has been detected on alfalfa in Serbia. During longer period, especially in summer and autumn, alfalfa plants with anthracnose symptoms were studied in the field. Stem infection resulted in wilting and death of the upper portion of the steam, giving rise to the characteristic “shepherd`s crook” symptom.To examine the level of sensitivity of different alfalfa genotypes in experimental conditions, one isolate: Coll-44 (C. linicola originating from Serbia). Ten commercial alfalfa genotypes of different origin (K-1, K-28, Zajecarska 83, Osjecka 12, NS Slavija, Banja Luka, Affinity 401 + Z, Florida 77, Vernal S and Perry) were examined in this study. Infected plants showed typical symptoms of anthracnose. Necrotic lesions appeared on the plant stems and gentle bending of the top of the upper third of stems occurred on tested plants. Necrotic lesions further spread onto the whole plant and in some plants led to withering. Assessment of damage by pathogen inoculation was based on the scale of 0-5. Investigated genotypes showed contrasting resistances to C. linicola isolates.Anthraknoza ili trulež krune lucerke, izazvana gljivoma it roda Colletotrichum, je bolest koja nanosi značajne štete na lucerki u Srbiji. U toku višegodišnjeg perioda, u toku leta i rane jeseni, sakupljane su biljke lucerke sa simptomima antraknoze. Stabljične infekcije izazivaju sušenje i povijanje gornjeg dela biljke, što dovodi do karakterističnog simptoma tzv. "pastirska kuka". Ispitivanje stepena osetljivosti različitih genotipova lucerke u eksperimentalnim uslovima obavljeno je sa jednim izolatom Coll-44 (C. linicola poreklom iz Srbije). Deset komercijalnih genotipova lucerke različitog geografskog porekla (K-1, K-28, Zaječarska 83, Osječka 12, NS Slavija, Banja Luka, Affinity 401 + Z, Florida 77, Vernal S i Pery) ispitivano je u ovom radu. Inokulisane biljake lucerke pokazale su tipične simptome antraknoze. Nekrotične lezije pojavile su sa na stabljikama zaraženih biljaka i došlo je do povijanja u gornjoj trećini stabala. Micelija parazita prorasta niz stablo i kada se stabljike osuše, nastupa antraknoza krune i korena. Osetljivost različitih genotipova lucerke prema ispitivanim izolatima C.linicola određena je prema skali od 0-5. Ispitivani genotipovi lucerke su ispoljili različitu osetljivost prema testiranom izolatu vrste C. linicola

Prinos suve mase lucerke u zavisnosti od sorte, faze razvića i otkosa

The main objective of this study was to assess dry matter productivity of different alfalfa cultivars depending on stage of maturity and cut, as well as the optimal time of harvest to achieve the maximum yield. Dry matter yield of alfalfa and red clover depended on all three factors and their interactions. The local variety of alfalfa, K 28, was more productive (from 6,8 to 2,3 t ha-1 from first to fourth cut, and from 3,4 to 5,5 t ha-1 from first to third stage of development) compared to US variety, G+13R+CZ (from 5,9 to 2,2 t ha-1 from first to fourth cut, and from 2,7 to 5,2 t ha-1 from first to third stage of development). The maximum yield of K 28 variety could be achieved by cutting alfalfa five times a year.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi produktivnost različitih sorti lucerke u zavisnosti od faze razvića i otkosa, kao i optimalno vreme košenja radi postizanja maksimalnog prinosa. Prinos suve materije lucerke zavisio je od sva tri ispitivana faktora i njihovih interakcija. Domaća sorta lucerke je produktivnija (6,8 do 2,3 t ha-1 od prvog do četvrtog otkosa, odnosno od 3,4 do 5,5 t ha-1 od prve do treće faze razvića) u odnosu na američku (5,9 do 2,2 t ha-1 od prvog do četvrtog otkosa, odnosno od 2,7 do 5,2 t ha-1 od prve do treće faze razvića). Maksimalan prinos sorte K-28 mogao bi se postići kosidbom pet puta godišnje

Effect of Nitrogen Fertiliser and Lime on the Floristic Composition, Soil Microbes and Dry Matter Yield of Danthonietum calycinae Grassland

Natural grasslands are significant resources for forage production, which is not exploited enough, mostly because of low production, as a result of bad grasslands management. The research has been carried out on the association Danthonietum calycinae to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates (N20, N80 and N140) and lime (1 tha-1) on the floristic composition, soil microbes and dry matter yield. Botanic composition was strongly influenced by the treatments, especially by N applications. Nitrogen fertilisation led to significant increase of grass species in the association (from 57% to 82%), while higher rate of nitrogen caused a significant decrease of plants from other families (especially legumes). Application of low and medium rate of nitrogen positively effect on microbial abundant in soil, but the highest dose (140 kg N) reduced all microbial count, except fungi. Mineral nitrogen fertilisation had a favourable effect on dry matter yield in all treatments. The highest increase in dry matter yield relative to the control was in N140 treatments (6.66 t ha-1). Results indicated that optimal applications of nutrients for this association is application of PK and lime and 80 kg of nitrogen which enable high yield (6.38 t ha-1) in comparison with control (3.16 t ha-1) and preserving soil fertility and the environment at the same time

Stanje i problemi u proizvodnji kabaste stočne hrane u zapadnoj Srbiji

In order to improve forage production, through more efficient use of agricultural land, conducted a study of fertility and soil acidity, and the manner of its use in hilly and mountainous areas of the Municipality of Kosjerić. The largest number of sampled soil is acidic chemical reaction, very low the level of provision easily accessible phosphorus, which is a limiting factor in successful growing legume. Depending on the results and the production potential of the sampled area and the needs of local farmers, were applied technologies that will contribute to increased yield or biomass and changing botanical composition in terms of increased participation of legumes.U cilju unapređenja proizvodnje stočne hrane, kroz efikasnije korišćenje poljoprivrednog zemljišta, vršeno je ispitivanje plodnosti i kiselosti zemljišta, kao i načina njegovog korišćenja u brdskim i planinskim područjima Opštine Kosjerić. Najveći broj uzorkovanih zemljišta je kisele hemijske reakcije, veoma niske obezbeđenosti lako pristupačnim fosforom, što predstavlja ograničavajući faktor pre svega uspešnom gajenju leguminoznih biljnih vrsta. U zavisnosti od dobijenih rezultata i proizvodnog potencijala uzorkovanih zemljišta kao i potreba lokalnih farmera, primenjene su tehnologije koje će doprineti povećanju prinosa biomase ali i promeni botaničkog sastava u smislu povećanog učešća višegodišnjih krmnih leguminoza

Effect of Fertilization on Yield of Nardetum Strictae Meadow on Kopaonik

Effect of NPK fertilizer and limestone on forage yield on natural meadow Nardetum strictae on Kopaonik, during 2008-2010 was investigated. The following treatments were applied: N0P0K0 , N60P60K60, N90P60k60, N120P60K60, N0P0K0 + lime, N60P60K60 + lime, N90P60k60 + lime, N120P60K60 + lime. Results showed that application of NPK fertilizer, especially N, increase significantly forage yield in both year of investigation. Effect of lime on increasing meadow production was observed in second year. The highest dry matter yield in first year was obtained in treatment with N120P60K60 (4,01 t ha-1) and in second year in treatment with N120P60K60+lime (5,79 t ha- 1 ).U periodu 2008-2010 godine ispitivan je uticaj NPK đubriva i kreča na prinos prirodnog travnjaka tipa Nardetum strictae na Kopaoniku. Unošenje mineralnih hraniva je uticalo na značajno povećanje prinosa krme u obe godine istraživanja. Rezultati su pokazali da povećanje količine N, pri konstantnoj količini PK đubriva, dovodi do povećanja prinosa u obe godine. Međutim, primenom kreča povećanje produktivnosti prirodnog travnjaka utvrđen je tek u drugoj godini. Maksimalan prinos suve materije u prvoj godini postignut je na tretmanu N120P60K60 (4,01 t ha-1), a u drugoj godini na tretmanu N120P60K60+kreč (5,79 t ha-1 )

The digital database of aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation in Serbia

Despite the absence of a centralized national phytocoenological database of Serbia, over 16,000 relevés of all vegetation types have been gathered and stored in the database “Phytocoenosis of Serbia” as a result of the Project “Habitats of Serbia”. However, as the data on aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation comprise only 5% of the collected relevés, the aim of this paper is to expand on this, complete the database and present the data on these vegetation types in Serbia. The work included the expansion of the existing database with the addition of relevant sources, their digitalization, using Flora and Turboveg programs, and their subsequent georeferencing, using OziExplorer and DIVAGIS softwares. Consequently, the phytocoenological database on aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation in Serbia now stores 1,720 relevés from 243 phytocoenological tables, collected and published by 24 authors during the period of 70 years (1940–2010), with the majority of the relevés collected over the last decade (56.40%). Phragmito-Magno-Caricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 (Syn: Phragmitetea communis R. Tx. et Prsg. 1942), Potametea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 (Syn: Potametea R. Tx. et Preising 1942) and Lemnetea de Bolós et Masclans 1955 (Syn: Lemnetea minoris W. Koch et R. Tx. 1955) have proven to be the most represented classes, while Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926 (nomen ambiguum) and Salvinio natantis-Spirodeletum polyrrhizae Slavnić 1956 are associations with the highest number of relevés in the database. Accordingly, the most common species (>500 relevés) are Ceratophyllum demersum L. subsp. demersum, Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden