Future Property and the Torrens System

Since at least the seventeenth century, courts of equity have upheld the assignment of future property for valuable consideration. Despite this long lineage, however, there has been almost no scholarly analysis of how these principles might interact with the Torrens system. The present article addresses this deficiency. Generally, it argues that there are no reasons why principles of future property cannot be fully subsumed within the Torrens system

A Post-Millennial Inquiry into the United Nations Law of Self-Determination: A Right to Unilateral Non-Colonial Secession?

The present Article inquires whether a right to unilateral non-colonial (UNC) secession is grounded in the United Nations (UN) law of self-determination. The Article argues that peoples subjected to deliberate, sustained, and systematic human rights abuses in extremis (e.g., ethnic cleansing, mass killings, or genocide) by the existing state have an international customary law right to UNC secessionist self-determination. This right is coextensive with the remedial-rights-only philosophical approach to UNC secession. The Article further argues that in the post-millennial era two developments are likely for the law of UNC secessionist self-determination: first, the right will become available in response to human rights abuses in moderato (political, cultural, or racial discrimination); and second, in the much longer term, the right will become justified not only on remedial grounds but also on liberal philosophical bases. The latter development is predicted to parallel the increase in the number of liberal democratic governments throughout the twenty-first century

\u3cem\u3eFarm Crop Energy v. Old National Bank\u3c/em\u3e: A Meaningful Test for Damages Under Promissory Estoppel?

This Note proposes that an award of lost profits under promissory estoppel should be made only when the circumstances surrounding the making of the promise justify enforcing it as if it were a contract. Operating on the assumption that a promise is found to be a reasonable basis for reliance, this Note will propose some criteria by which a court can determine when a promise justifies a damage award in excess of the costs of reliance. These criteria will then be applied to the Farm Crop facts to demonstrate that remedies can be administered under a standard that is rational and flexible, yet provides reasonable certainty

\u3cem\u3eFarm Crop Energy v. Old National Bank\u3c/em\u3e: A Meaningful Test for Damages Under Promissory Estoppel?

This Note proposes that an award of lost profits under promissory estoppel should be made only when the circumstances surrounding the making of the promise justify enforcing it as if it were a contract. Operating on the assumption that a promise is found to be a reasonable basis for reliance, this Note will propose some criteria by which a court can determine when a promise justifies a damage award in excess of the costs of reliance. These criteria will then be applied to the Farm Crop facts to demonstrate that remedies can be administered under a standard that is rational and flexible, yet provides reasonable certainty

Estimating the Benefits of Water Quality Improvements in the Upper Narragansett Bay

An EPA-sponsored study of the benefits to Rhode Island residents of the water quality improvement in the Upper Narragansett Bay showed that the estimated annual costs ($2.9 million) exceeded the expected annual benefits ($2.0 million). That analysis evaluated only user benefits which were measured via expenditures; nonuser (intrinsic) benefits were not included. This study estimated the benefits to Rhode Island residents using the "Contingent Valuation" approach and responses from 435 residents to a 1985 survey about swimming and shellfishing. Aggregate annual benefits were estimated to be in the range of $30-60 million for "swimmable" and$30-70 million for "shellfishable" water quality, depending on the type of measure (mean or median) and survey format. Secondary objectives of the study were to test different versions of "willingness to pay" questions and compare mean and median values for measurement. Aside from payment vehicle bias, we found no evidence of serious bias.contingent valuation, pollution, water quality benefits, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Evolutionary associations between sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus) inferred from morphological characters, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite markers

The evolutionary associations between closely related fish species, both contemporary and historical, are frequently assessed by using molecular markers, such as microsatellites. Here, the presence and variability of microsatellite loci in two closely related species of marine fishes, sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus), are explored by using heterologous primers from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Data from these loci are used in conjunction with morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes to explore the extent of genetic exchange between species offshore of Galveston Bay, TX. Despite seasonal overlap in distribution, low genetic divergence at microsatellite loci, and similar life history parameters of C. arenarius and C. nothus, all three data sets indicated that hybridization between these species does not occur or occurs only rarely and that historical admixture in Galveston Bay after divergence between these species was unlikely. These results shed light upon the evolutionary history of these fishes and highlight the genetic properties of each species that are influenced by their life history and ecology

Bulletin No. 366 - The Relation Between Gradings of Lived and Dressed Chickens in Utah

This study was undertaken in order to (1) ascertain the importance of chicken sales of various classes and grades from Utah farms, (2) determine the relation between live and dressed grading of chickens, and (3) ascertain the influence of live grading on the price of chickens at the farm level

Natural Resource Planning And Management1

Access to the best possible information by land planners, land managers, legislators, and other decision-makers is made more difficult by the growing complexity and large scope of land use conflicts. The Land Use Analysis Laboratory, an interdisciplinary research team, has as its general purpose the development of tools to provide increased access to land information. Because the volume and complexity of the necessary data are two of the principal obstacles to full access to land information, the use of computers is an important means of increasing the availability and versatility of land information

The Best of Times is Now

Although researchers have found that cognitive temporal structures differ across cultures, few have studied the cognitive temporal structures of subcultures within them — and in a consumer behavior context. Integrating the literature on time, culture and consumer behavior, this study empirically tests for variations in time perceptions between the dominant heterosexual culture and the gay subculture. Results indicate that there may be socio-cultural elements of a subculture that produce variation in a subculture's temporal cognitive structure. Compared to heterosexuals, gays are more present-oriented. This finding is then applied to predict differences in consumer behavior