Sex Determination Using Human Sphenoid Sinus in a Northeast Iranian Population: A Discriminant Function Analysis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Sex determination, using skeletal remains, is of paramount importance in forensic studies. The skull accounts for the most sexual dimorphism after the pelvis. Recent studies have shown that paranasal sinuses are valuable in sex determination and considering the location of the sphenoid sinus, the risk of traumatic injuries to this structure is low. PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the sphenoid sinus and determine the validity of sphenoid sinus volume (SSV) in sex determination using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images of 469 Iranian patients (186 male and 283 female), aged 24-45 years, were selected. The morphology of the sphenoid sinus was recorded. 3D Slicer software (4.10.0) was used to assess SSVs in coronal and axial planes. For data analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were performed using predictive analytics software (ver. 18.0). RESULTS The most common morphology of the sphenoid sinus in both genders was the sellar type (50.5%). SSV was significantly larger in males than in females (p< 0.001). DFA showed that the capability of SSV in sex identification was 86.0% and 92.9% in males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that SSV is a reliable variable in gender discrimination in a northeast Iranian population. However, since the morphology of the sphenoid sinus and sex were independent of each other, the morphology of the sphenoid sinus is not a suitable indicator for sex determination

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Case Report with Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations and new radiographic feature

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare form of genetic disorder categorized by progressive heterotopic ossification and congenital deformity of the big toes. Heterotopic ossification follows gradual inflammation of the soft tissues (flare-up) and results in limited movements in joints such as the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ). No effective medical treatment has been recognized for the treatment of FOP. FOP is commonly misdiagnosed, especially in the maxillofacial region. Patients with FOP often experience temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Therefore, dental professionals should be careful in planning treatment, including avoiding anesthesia injections, especially in the mandible. This study presents a case of FOP with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. An eight-year-old boy with the chief complaint of reduced mouth opening and clinical and radiological features of FOP.  The patient was referred to Mashhad Dental School in January 2016. He had not previously been diagnosed with FOP

Elongated styloid process: Is it a pathologic condition?

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the length, morphology, and calcification patterns of the elongated stylohyoid process (ESP) on panoramic radiographs and to investigate the symptoms related to it. We then addressed the question: Is ESP a pathologic condition or a physiologic phenomenon? Materials and Methods: In this study, 207 stylohyoid complexes were evaluated based on length, radiographic appearance, and calcification pattern on panoramic radiographs. Similar to previous studies, we considered 30 mm as a threshold for elongation of the process. Complexes were classified into two groups based on length: ESP (greater than or equal to 30 mm) and normal (less than 30 mm). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smilonov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation. Results: The average length of the stylohyoid complex was 31.7 mm. The median was 30.0 mm and corresponded to the threshold for the ESP. The Spearman correlation between the length of the complex and age was 0.323 (P=0.0001). "Continuous" and "calcified outline" were the most frequent morphology and calcification pattern, respectively, for both groups. Clinical symptoms related to ESP were not detected. Conclusion: Classification of the stylohyoid complexes based on apparent length on panoramic radiographs in elongated and normal types appears to be incorrect. Considering that the radiographic appearance of the ESP and normal groups was similar and pathologic symptoms were not detected and that there was a relationship between age and length of the complex, elongation of this complex can be considered as a physiologic phenomenon

Transmigration of Impacted Mandibular Canines: A Report of Four Cases

Intraosseous movement of an unerupted tooth across the midline of the jaw is known as dental transmigration. This infrequent event is mostly found in the mandibular canines. There are four new cases of mandibular canine transmigration presented here. The literature on this anomalous phenomenon is also reviewed

Transmigration of impacted mandibular canines-report of 4 cases

Intraosseous movement of an unerupted tooth across the midline of the jaw is known as dental transmigration. This infrequent event is mostly found in the mandibular canines. There are four new cases of mandibular canine transmigration presented here. The literature on this anomalous phenomenon is also reviewed

Relationship of the Gonial Angle and Inferior Alveolar Canal Course Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objectives: Accurate localization of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is extremely important in some dental treatments. Anatomical variation of the canal means that it can be difficult to locate. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the gonial angle (GA) size and IAC position using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 61 dry adult human hemi-mandibles were used. The CBCT scans were taken of all samples and GA was measured on all CBCT scans. The samples were divided into two groups of low angle (≤125°) and high angle (>125°). The canal dimensions, length and course were evaluated. On the sagittal view, the IAC path was classified as type A, B or C. On the axial view, canal course was defined as A1 or A2 according to the mental foramen angle. Results: The average GA size was 121.8±7.05° at the right side and 123.8±6.32° at the left side. On the sagittal view, there was a significant correlation between the GA size and the canal course (P=0.04). In the high-angle group, type A was dominant; whereas in the low-angle group, type B was more common. On the axial view of IAC course, type A1 was more common (73.43%). Conclusion: The results showed that GA size was associated with IAC course. In cases with a larger GA, the canal runs in a more straightforward path, and at the same level as the mental foramen. Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography; Mandibular Nerve; Mandibl

The Relationship between Birth Weight, Birth Height, and Dental Development by Demirjian’s Method

Introduction: Like other measures of human development, dental development is not in complete accordance to chronological age. Investigations show that dental age can be affected by gender, race, systemic conditions, and some other factors and consequently, be different in people of the same chronological age. A correct estimation of dental age and its development in children is of great importance to design the appropriate dental treatment plan. One of the factors predicted to influence dental development is the physical status of newborn, of which, the most common indices are birth weight and height. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these two factors on the dental development of permanent teeth in children of both genders. Methods: The dental ages of 211 of 4-14 year old healthy children were calculated using their panoramic radiographs according to Demirjian’s method. Birth weight, height, and date were recorded from the vaccination certificate. The dental development rate was obtained by subtracting chronological age from dental age. Pearson correlation tests and regression analysis were conducted in both genders. Results: the correlation between dental development and birth weight and birth height was positive, when separated by gender; this correlation was only significant among females. Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between physical status of newborn and the development of permanent teeth. This should be taken into consideration when designing dental treatment plans for childre

Central Granular Cell Odontogenic Tumor: Report of a Case with CBCT Features.

Central granular cell odontogenic tumor) CGCOT) of the jaw is an exceedingly rare benign odontogenic neoplasm with 35 reported cases in the literature. Among these, very few studies have focused on the cone-beam CT features of CGCOT. Here, we report a case of an asymptomatic CGCOT in a 16-year-old girl and focus on the cone-beam CT features. Only 36 cases of this lesion, including this one, have been reported so far. The case presented is of special importance due to the young age of the patient, the posterior location of the lesion and the multilocular pattern in the cone beam CT images

Maxillofacial Fractures in CT scan Images of Adult, Adolescent, and Child Patients in Radiology Ward of Mashhad’s Shahid Kamyab Emergency Hospital in 2010

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in three age groups of adults, adolescents, and children, using CT scan images. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CT scan images of 230 patients with maxillofacial trauma during one year were examined in terms of the number and site of fractures. The patients were divided into three age groups, children (0-14 years), adolescents (14-17 years), and adults (>17 years). The data collected from this group were analyzed using, Chi-square, independent t-test and ANOVA statistical tests. Results: The analysis showed that 85% of maxillofacial fractures occur in adults, 7% in adolescents, and 8% in children. The most prevalent causes of fractures in adults were accidents (70%) and fallings (16%). Accidents (73%) and quarrels (13%) were the most prevalent causes of fractures in adolescents. In children, falling (60%) as the most prevalent cause of fracture was significantly higher than that in other groups (P-value=0.001). The most prevalent sites of maxillofacial fracture in adults were nasal bones and zygomaticomaxillary complex. Nasal and orbital fractures in adolescents comprised the most prevalent sites of fracture. Mandibular bone was the most prevalent site of fracture in children. The variations in prevalent sites of fracture among the three groups were significant (P-value=0.002). Conclusion: Car accidents are the main risk factor for maxillofacial fractures. The prevalent causes and sites of maxillofacial fractures in adults, adolescents, and children are different from one another

Osteosarcoma of the mandible: A case with a clinical appearance similar to benign lesions

Abstract A 34‐year‐old woman with complaints of mandibular swelling that started 4 months earlier was referred to the Oral Diseases Department. Based on the clinical and radiographic appearance, the primary diagnosis was an intraosseous reactive lesion. However, the result of histopathology indicated osteosarcoma