Microstructural Analysis of Intermetallic Ni5Al3 Thin Films

The possible magnetic transition phenomenon obtained is postulated particularly on the Nickel Aluminum (Ni5Al3) thin films of different thickness. It was found that the film resistance exhibits a linear but mild increase over the initial temperature range, followed by a transition to a relatively rapid decline in the resistance after attaining maximum at ~170ºC. This positive temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) makes this material suitable for magneto resistor applications. The same observations were made on two different sputtering systems with different deposition conditions, indicating that the magnetic transition is a highly reproducible phenomenon

Microstructural Analysis of Intermetallic Ni5Al3 Thin Films

The possible magnetic transition phenomenon obtained is postulated particularly on the Nickel Aluminum (Ni5Al3) thin films of different thickness. It was found that the film resistance exhibits a linear but mild increase over the initial temperature range, followed by a transition to a relatively rapid decline in the resistance after attaining maximum at ~170ºC. This positive temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) makes this material suitable for magneto resistor applications. The same observations were made on two different sputtering systems with different deposition conditions, indicating that the magnetic transition is a highly reproducible phenomenon

EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TIME ON THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM CHALCOGENIDES THIN FILMS

Molybdenum chalcogenides, specifically molybdenum selenide, MoSe2 and molybdenum sulphide, MoS2 thin films have been successfully deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates and stainless steel substrates by electrodeposition technique. The effects of the deposition time on the growth, structural and optical properties of the films were then studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns have confirmed the polycrystalline rhombohedral MoSe2 and hexagonal MoS2 phase formation. The results show that the intensity of XRD peaks for these materials increases with the increase of deposition time. UV -VIS spectrophotometric measurement revealed that the optical band gap values of the thin films decreased with the increase of deposition time and lie in the range from 1.12 – 1.22 eV for MoSe2 and 1.65 – 1.74 eV for MoS2 thin films. Surface morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy showed uniform and continuous thin film with layered structure surface

XRD analysis of Cu-Al interconnect intermetallic compound in an annealed micro-chip

Cu-Al intermetallic compound (IMC) in Cu wire-Al bond pad interconnect interface is drawing attention of researches. However, due to thin IMC thickness, the characterizations of the IMC are limited to expensive and time consuming techniques. An evaluation is performed to use common X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique to identify the IMC in the Cu wired micro-chip samples in powder form. Existence of mixture of CuAl and CuAl2 was first confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In XRD analysis, peak correspond to CuAl phase is identified from measurement with slower scan configuration. The difficulty for IMC peak detection in diffractogram is due to low composition ratio of IMC relative to other materials available in the sample. KOH treatment for enhancing IMC peaks intensity does not work as expected as it etches the IMC as well

INTERMETALLIC NICKEL ALUMINIDES BEING AN ALTERNATIVE FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY APPLICATIONS

Investigation on Intermetallic Nickel Aluminides was carried to determine the suitability of this material to replace the existing automotive body. The purpose is to produce vehicles which are lighter, more fuel efficient and cause less pollution. One key technical design strategy for improving vehicles efficiency is the light weighting. Attractive properties of Ni-Al intermetallic including low density (~ 6g/cm3) resulting lightweight, high oxidation and corrosion resistance, combined with their ability to retain strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures lead to its selection as a candidate of alternative material. The prime focus was to obtain the mechanical properties such as tensile and hardness which was tested using Universal testing machine (UTM) and Vickers Microhardness Tester. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure and lattice constant of the designed alloy. Microstructure analysis of the alloys was examined using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Knowledge on microstructure gives interrelationship on mechanical and other properties of the designed alloy. SEM equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) used to do compositional analysis. Heat treatment (annealing) and Tafel extrapolation tests were carried out to determine thermal and corrosion properties of the alloy respectively. The properties obtain was compared with current or existing material which are high strength steel (HSS) and aluminum (luxury cars). In can be eloquent that intermetallic nickel aluminides enfold most of the basic quality for a material to be suggested or recommended as alternative material for body in white application

INTERMETALLIC NICKEL ALUMINIDES BEING AN ALTERNATIVE FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY APPLICATIONS

Investigation on Intermetallic Nickel Aluminides was carried to determine the suitability of this material to replace the existing automotive body. The purpose is to produce vehicles which are lighter, more fuel efficient and cause less pollution. One key technical design strategy for improving vehicles efficiency is the light weighting. Attractive properties of Ni-Al intermetallic including low density (~ 6g/cm3) resulting lightweight, high oxidation and corrosion resistance, combined with their ability to retain strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures lead to its selection as a candidate of alternative material. The prime focus was to obtain the mechanical properties such as tensile and hardness which was tested using Universal testing machine (UTM) and Vickers Microhardness Tester. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure and lattice constant of the designed alloy. Microstructure analysis of the alloys was examined using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Knowledge on microstructure gives interrelationship on mechanical and other properties of the designed alloy. SEM equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) used to do compositional analysis. Heat treatment (annealing) and Tafel extrapolation tests were carried out to determine thermal and corrosion properties of the alloy respectively. The properties obtain was compared with current or existing material which are high strength steel (HSS) and aluminum (luxury cars). In can be eloquent that intermetallic nickel aluminides enfold most of the basic quality for a material to be suggested or recommended as alternative material for body in white application

Can Nickel replace Steel in Automotive Industry? An Overview

The study of thermal and mechanical properties of pure nickel as an alternative automotive body material is presented in this report. Nickel a transition metal which is hard, malleable and ductile. It is used for making stainless steel, low alloy steels, cast iron and etc. Nickel also used in battery manufacturing. Current automotive are mainly use steel as a body material. Due to the increasing demand of high performance and related issues researchers are trying to find alternative material to replace steel. This report present the detailed study on mechanical properties, corrosion test, composition analysis and crystallography analysis with different annealing temperatures of Nickel to alternate current automotive body material. The hardness of both non - heat treated and annealed pure nickels do not change as the annealing temperature increases which in the range of 118 to 123 HV. As the annealed temperature increase, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and young modulus decreases, but the ductility increase. The highest ultimate tensile strength of pure nickel at 300ºC annealed temperature which is 758.78 MPa. For corrosion test, the corrosion rate of both non-heat treated and annealed pure nickel have minor changes with the annealed temperature which in the range of 0.0266 to 0.048 mm/year

EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TIME ON THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM CHALCOGENIDES THIN FILMS

Molybdenum chalcogenides, specifically molybdenum selenide, MoSe 2 and molybdenum sulphide, MoS 2 thin films have been successfully deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates and stainless steel substrates by electrodeposition technique. The effects of the deposition time on the growth, structural and optical properties of the films were then studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns have confirmed the polycrystalline rhombohedral MoSe 2 and hexagonal MoS 2 phase formation. The results show that the intensity of XRD peaks for these materials increases with the increase of deposition time. UV -VIS spectrophotometric measurement revealed that the optical band gap values of the thin films decreased with the increase of deposition time and lie in the range from 1.12 -1.22 eV for MoSe 2 and 1.65 -1.74 eV for MoS 2 thin films. Surface morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy showed uniform and continuous thin film with layered structure surface

A Novel Intermetallic Nickel Aluminide (Ni3Al) as an Alternative Automotive Body Material

Investigation on Intermetallic Nickel Aluminides (Ni3Al) was carried to determine the suitability of this material to replace the existing automotive body. The purpose is to produce vehicles which are lighter, more fuel efficient and cause less pollution. One key technical design strategy for improving vehicles efficiency is the light weighting. Attractive properties of Ni3Al including low density (~ 6g/cm3) resulting lightweight, high oxidation and corrosion resistance, combined with their ability to retain strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures lead to its selection as a candidate alternative material. The prime focus will be on to obtain the mechanical properties such as hardness which was tested using Vickers Micro hardness Tester. XRD was used to determine the crystal structure of the designed alloy. Microstructural properties of these alloys were examined using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM equipped with EDX used to do compositional analysis. Heat treatment (annealing) and Tafel extrapolation tests were carried out for thermal and corrosion properties of the intermetallic nickel aluminides respectively

NANOSTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF SPUTTER-DEPOSITED NixAl1-x (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ALLOY THIN FILMS

The nanostructural characteristics of direct-current magnetron sputter-deposited NixAl1-x (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) alloy films were studied during in situ isothermal annealing in a transmission electron microscope. An expansion of the lattice by nearly 5% was observed for the Ni0.5Al0.5 and the Ni0.8Al0.2 films in their low-thickness and as-deposited state. The lattice size approaches the bulk value when the film thickness increases or after vacuum annealing heat-treatment. The Ni0.8Al0.2 films have a nanocrystalline structure in which the ordered L12 phase appears upon annealing at above 500°C. The ordered B2 phase for Ni0.5Al0.5 and Ni5Al3 phase with orthorhombic structure for Ni0.65Al0.35 were found