Privacy protection in context aware systems.

Smartphones, loaded with users’ personal information, are a primary computing device for many. Advent of 4G networks, IPV6 and increased number of subscribers to these has triggered a host of application developers to develop softwares that are easy to install on the mobile devices. During the application download process, users accept the terms and conditions that permit revelation of private information. The free application markets are sustainable as the revenue model for most of these service providers is through profiling of users and pushing advertisements to the users. This creates a serious threat to users privacy and hence it is important that “privacy protection mechanisms” should be in place to protect the users’ privacy. Most of the existing solutions falsify or modify the information in the service request and starve the developers of their revenue. In this dissertation, we attempt to bridge the gap by proposing a novel integrated CLOPRO framework (Context Cloaking Privacy Protection) that achieves Identity privacy, Context privacy and Query privacy without depriving the service provider of sustainable revenue made from the CAPPA (Context Aware Privacy Preserving Advertising). Each service request has three parameters: identity, context and actual query. The CLOPRO framework reduces the risk of an adversary linking all of the three parameters. The main objective is to ensure that no single entity in the system has all the information about the user, the queries or the link between them, even though the user gets the desired service in a viable time frame. The proposed comprehensive framework for privacy protecting, does not require the user to use a modified OS or the service provider to modify the way an application developer designs and deploys the application and at the same time protecting the revenue model of the service provider. The system consists of two non-colluding servers, one to process the location coordinates (Location server) and the other to process the original query (Query server). This approach makes several inherent algorithmic and research contributions. First, we have proposed a formal definition of privacy and the attack. We identified and formalized that the privacy is protected if the transformation functions used are non-invertible. Second, we propose use of clustering of every component of the service request to provide anonymity to the user. We use a unique encrypted identity for every service request and a unique id for each cluster of users that ensures Identity privacy. We have designed a Split Clustering Anonymization Algorithms (SCAA) that consists of two algorithms Location Anonymization Algorithm (LAA) and Query Anonymization Algorithm (QAA). The application of LAA replaces the actual location for the users in the cluster with the centroid of the location coordinates of all users in that cluster to achieve Location privacy. The time of initiation of the query is not a part of the message string to the service provider although it is used for identifying the timed out requests. Thus, Context privacy is achieved. To ensure the Query privacy, the generic queries (created using QAA) are used that cover the set of possible queries, based on the feature variations between the queries. The proposed CLOPRO framework associates the ads/coupons relevant to the generic query and the location of the users and they are sent to the user along with the result without revealing the actual user, the initiation time of query or the location and the query, of the user to the service provider. Lastly, we introduce the use of caching in query processing to improve the response time in case of repetitive queries. The Query processing server caches the query result. We have used multiple approaches to prove that privacy is preserved in CLOPRO system. We have demonstrated using the properties of the transformation functions and also using graph theoretic approaches that the user’s Identity, Context and Query is protected against the curious but honest adversary attack, fake query and also replay attacks with the use of CLOPRO framework. The proposed system not only provides \u27k\u27 anonymity, but also satisfies the \u3c k; s \u3e and \u3c k; T \u3e anonymity properties required for privacy protection. The complexity of our proposed algorithm is O(n)

The Epidemiology Of Tuberculosis In Nunavut

Despite the high level of control Canada exerts over tuberculosis (TB) at the national level, the people of Nunavut suffer from extraordinarily high rates of TB, resulting in a disproportionate level of morbidity due to this contagious disease in the territory. Almost all cases of TB occur in Canadian Aboriginal peoples, and Nunavut may be experiencing an ongoing TB outbreak. The factors contributing to high TB rates in Nunavut have not been documented at length. This paper presents a novel look at TB in Nunavut, with a focus on the Inuit who comprise approximately 85% of the population. Using data collected by Statistics Canada, the United States CDC, the Greenlander government, and previous literature on the subject amongst the Inuit and comparable populations in Greenland and the United States (specifically Alaskan natives), the incidence of TB was revealed to be greatest in Nunavut. Results show the high rates of TB in Nunavut are most likely due to a failure in TB control with socioeconomic conditions compounding the serious situation. The work presented here has direct implications for the implementation of targeted control programs in Nunavut that may help solve the severe TB problem and improve Inuit health

Academic Mindset Curriculum: Utilizing Systematic Mindset Training Derived from Athletic Training to Maximize Student Achievement

Presenter will provide

Effects of Joule heating, thermal radiation on MHD pulsating flow of a couple stress hybrid nanofluid in a permeable channel

The current work deals with the pulsatile hydromagnetic flow of blood-based couple stress hybrid nanofluid in a porous channel. For hybrid nanofluid, the fusion of gold (Au) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are suspended to the blood (base fluid). In this model, the employment of viscous dissipation, radiative heat, and Ohmic heating is incorporated. The governing flow equations (set of partial differential equations) are modernized to set of ordinary differential equations by using the perturbation technique. The nondimensional governing equations are solved by adopting the shooting procedure with the help of the Runge–Kutta fourth-order approach. Temperature distributions of hybrid nanofluid and conventional mono nanofluids are portrayed via pictorial results to claim that the hybrid nanofluid has better temperature distribution than mono nanofluids. Temperature is raising for the magnifying viscous dissipation, whereas the reverse behavior can be found with a rise in couple stress parameter. The heat transfer rate is getting high for the higher values of the Eckert number, and the same behavior is noticed with the uplifting magnetic field

Pulsating hydromagnetic flow of Au-blood micropolar nanofluid in a channel with Ohmic heating, thermal radiation and heat source/sink

The current work deals with the pulsating flow of Au-blood micropolar nanofluid with the existence of thermal radiation and Joule heating. Micropolar fluid is addressed as blood (base fluid) and Au (gold) as a nanoparticle. The flow has been mathematically modeled, resulting in a delicate system of partial differential equations (PDEs). A perturbation technique is used to convert the PDE system into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are subsequently solved by using the shooting method with the Runge–Kutta fourth-order scheme. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, and heat transfer rate of Au-blood nanofluid are graphically depicted and explored successively. The obtained findings bring out that the velocity of nanofluid decreases over a rise in the coupling parameter, magnetic field, and nanoparticle volume fractions. The temperature is reducing with an increment of radiation parameter, frequency parameter, coupling parameter, magnetic field, and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Further, the results show that the Nusselt number against frequency distribution increasing with the rising values of the Eckert number

Autonomous Traffic Signal Control using Decision Tree

The objective of this paper is to introduce an effective and efficient way of traffic signal light control to optimize the traffic signal duration across each lanes and thereby, to minimize or completely eliminate traffic congestion. This paper introduces a new approach to resolve the traffic congestion problem at junctions by making use of decision trees. The vehicle count in the real time traffic video is determined by Image Processing technique. This information is fed to the decision tree based on which the decision is made regarding the status of traffic signal lights of each lane at the junction at any given instant of time

Dufour and Soret effects on pulsatile hydromagnetic flow of Casson fluid in a vertical non-Darcian porous space

This article aims to inspect the pulsating hydromagnetic slip flow of Casson fluid in a vertical porous channel with heat and mass transfer. The fluid is injected into the channel from the left wall and removed at the opposite wall with the same velocity. The impact of non-Darcy, Soret, and Dufour effects are taken under consideration. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using perturbation method and solved by utilizing 4th-order Runge–Kutta (R–K) technique together with shooting method. The impact of dissimilar parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are displayed and discussed

Pulsating flow of Casson fluid in a porous channel with thermal radiation, chemical reaction and applied magnetic field

In the present analysis, the influence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction and thermal-diffusion on hydromagnetic pulsating flow of Casson fluid in a porous channel is investigated. The fluid is injected from the lower wall and sucked out from the upper wall with the same velocity. The governing flow equations are solved analytically by employing the perturbation technique. The influence of various emerging parameters on flow variables has been discussed. The obtained results show that the temperature distribution increases when there is an increase in heat source, whereas there is a decrease in temperature with an increase in radiation parameter. The concentration distribution decreases with an increase in chemical reaction parameter, while it increases for a given increase in Soret number. Further, the results reveal that, for both the Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases, Nusselt number distribution decreases at the upper wall with increasing Hartmann number and radiation parameter. The mass transfer rate decreases at the upper wall with increasing chemical reaction parameter and Soret number

Land scene classification from remote sensing images using improved artificial bee colony optimization algorithm

The images obtained from remote sensing consist of background complexities and similarities among the objects that act as challenge during the classification of land scenes. Land scenes are utilized in various fields such as agriculture, urbanization, and disaster management, to detect the condition of land surfaces and help to identify the suitability of the land surfaces for planting crops, and building construction. The existing methods help in the classification of land scenes through the images obtained from remote sensing technology, but the background complexities and presence of similar objects act as a barricade against providing better results. To overcome these issues, an improved artificial bee colony optimization algorithm with convolutional neural network (IABC-CNN) model is proposed to achieve better results in classifying the land scenes. The images are collected from aerial image dataset (AID), Northwestern Polytechnical University-Remote Sensing Image Scene 45 (NWPU-RESIS45), and University of California Merced (UCM) datasets. IABC effectively selects the best features from the extracted features using visual geometry group-16 (VGG-16). The selected features from the IABC are provided for the classification process using multiclass-support vector machine (MSVM). Results obtained from the proposed IABC-CNN achieves a better classification accuracy of 96.40% with an error rate 3.6%