Comunicación, cohesión y satisfacción familiar en adolescentes de la enseñanza secundaria y preuniversitaria. Cienfuegos 2014

Fundamento: la familia es la instancia de intermediación entre el individuo y la sociedad, constituye el espacio por excelencia para el desarrollo de la identidad del adolescente, al ser el primer grupo de socialización y aportar las condiciones para el desarrollo sano de la personalidad.Objetivo: determinar el tipo de comunicación, el nivel de cohesión y el grado de satisfacción familiar en adolescentes que cursan la enseñanza secundaria y pre-universitaria.Métodos: estudio descriptivo realizado de enero a marzo de 2014 en 62 adolescentes del municipio de Cienfuegos, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado por sexo. Se aplicaron las siguientes técnicas: entrevista estructurada, cuestionarios para medir la comunicación adolescente-madre y la comunicación adolescente-padre, subescala de cohesión familiar e instrumento para medir la satisfacción familiar. Resultados: predominaron las edades de 13 y 16 años, en familias medianas, nucleares, bigeneracionales que se encuentran en etapa de extensión. En los adolescentes medios predominó la comunicación positiva, alta cohesión y satisfacción familiar. En los adolescentes tardíos la comunicación es límite, tienen nivel de cohesión intermedio y están poco satisfechos con sus familias. Conclusiones: los adolescentes de edad media poseen una comunicación positiva con ambos progenitores, alto nivel de cohesión y se sienten satisfechos con sus familias mientras que los adolescentes tardíos percibieron límite la comunicación con ambos padres, intermedia la cohesión y se sienten poco satisfechos con sus familias.</p

Communication, cohesion and family satisfaction in senior high and high school adolescents. Cienfuegos 2014

Foundation: The family is the instance of intermediation between the individual and society, it constitutes the space par excellence for adolescent identity development, being the first group of socialization and provide the conditions for healthy personality development. Objective: to determine the type of communication, the level of cohesion and the degree of family satisfaction in adolescents who attend senior high and high education centers. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from January to March 2014 in 62 adolescents from the municipality of Cienfuegos, selected at random stratified by sex. The following techniques were applied: structured interview, questionnaires to measure adolescent-mother communication and adolescent-parent communication, subscale of family cohesion and instrument to measure family satisfaction. Results: 13 and 16-year-old adolescents predominated in medium-sized, nuclear, bigenerational families that are in the extension stage. Positive communication, high cohesion and family satisfaction prevailed in the average adolescents. In late adolescents communication is limited, they have intermediate level of cohesion and are dissatisfied with their families. Conclusions: the average adolescents showed good communication with parents, family unit and satisfaction. In the late adolescents qualitative changes were verified regarding the communication with parents, they did not feel so close to their family and showed little satisfaction

Protocol for Detection, Prevention and Action in Alleged Cases of Gender-based Violence and Discrimination

A protocol is presented to prevent, avoid and act in situations of gender-based violence at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos. This protocol establishes the necessary measures to identify situations of violence that occur in the university environment, whether towards students or teachers, with the aim of investigating them, proposing solutions and mitigating their consequences. The methodological and scientific rigor of the design presented allows us to offer the university community a very useful protocol that is in accordance with the Comprehensive Strategy for Prevention and Attention to Gender Violence and Violence in the Family Setting and the Advancement Plan to Women that is implemented in Cuba

Escala de medición de resiliencia en adolescentes cubanos entre 15 y 19 años de edad

Introducción: La resiliencia en la adolescencia se relaciona con la capacidad de resolver el problema de la identidad, en contextos en los cuales esta no posee las condiciones para construirse de modo positivo. Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para evaluar resiliencia en adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de edad. Método: Investigación de tipo instrumental, en el Instituto Preuniversitario "Martín Dihigo" de Cienfuegos, de marzo a septiembre de 2022. Muestreo no probabilístico (n= 450). La validez de contenido se llevó a cabo a través del criterio de expertos, la validez de constructo a partir del análisis factorial y la validez de criterio mediante correlación con la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. La fiabilidad se realizó a través de la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal mediante el test-retest. Resultados: El instrumento presenta validez de contenido. El análisis factorial arrojó 7 factores que explican el 64,8 % de la varianza. La correlación con la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson fue de 0,333 (p< 0,01). Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach global a= 0,839; se demostró la estabilidad temporal. Conclusiones: La Escala de Resiliencia en Adolescentes Cubana tiene adecuados criterios de validez y fiabilidad que justifican su aplicación en la población de adolescentes de Cuba

Estrés y emociones negativas en adultos medios con hipertensión arterial esencial

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial constituye una de las patologías crónicas de mayor impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular, fenómeno que está relacionado con factores psicosociales como el estrés y las emociones negativas. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de estrés, emociones negativas y modos de afrontamiento en adultos medios con hipertensión arterial esencial del consultorio 1 del Área V del municipio Cienfuegos. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo efectuado en el consultorio 1 del Área V de salud del municipio Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido entre enero-marzo de 2014. La selección de la muestra se realizó de forma probabilística, se utilizó un muestreo bietápico y aleatorio simple, por lo que quedó conformada por 30 pacientes hipertensos esenciales comprendidos en las edades de 40 a 60 años. El sexo, color de la piel, nivel de escolaridad, estado civil, ocupación, nivel de estrés, vulnerabilidad y modos de afrontamiento al estrés, ansiedad y depresión constituyeron las variables del estudio. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino, el color de la piel blanca, como nivel de escolaridad el medio superior, estado civil casados y ocupación profesional. Resultaron ser altos los niveles y la vulnerabilidad al estrés. Utilizaron como modos de afrontamiento la confrontación y el apoyo social. La ansiedad rasgo–estado que predominó fue media y aunque presentaron síntomas depresivos, la depresión no caracterizó a la mayoría de los pacientes. Fueron las mujeres, amas de casa, técnicos y profesionales quienes presentaron mayores niveles de estrés. No hubo distinción en cuanto a sexo y ocupación con el nivel de ansiedad. Conclusión: los pacientes hipertensos presentaron elevado estrés, moderada ansiedad y en menor medida depresión

Counseling: alternative to increase self-responsibility and self-efficacy before COVID-19

WHO considers that counseling is the technique par excellence to face the problem of communicable diseases due to its great potential as a means of providing personal support and because of the possibilities it offers for behavior modification. Other health problems can also benefit from the accumulated experiences in counseling. This work aims at proposing a methodology for Counseling Services to people in epidemiological surveillance and patients of COVID -19

CONVIDA line. Proposal for a practical psychological guide to the emerging situation of COVID 19. Cienfuegos, 2020

Foundation: telephone helpline is a valuable technique and strategy to face health problems, a service that requires a practical psychological guide with guidelines that support action in front of a person requesting help.Objective: to design a psychological practice guide to orient psychologists who provide help on the CONVIDA line.Methods: research in Health Systems and Services, in applied research modality, developed by the Psychology Department of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, from the second half of April to the first week of May 2020. Methods of the theoretical and empirical levels were used (content analysis and weighting). At first, it was carried out a review of the documents issued by MINSAP, and second, specialists (three) working in the confidential line met, and seven psychologists from the Department of Psychology, with experience in psychological counseling, were consulted.Results: Several components organized into four phases of the guide were integrated: beginning, information collection, intervention and closure, useful for psychologists who attend the CONVIDA telephone line. The most important contributions were: components determination, conception on the guide structure and selection of psychological influence.Conclusions: a guide for psychological practice is presented for professionals who are providing telephone psychological help to people who request it, in the midst of the COVIC pandemic 19.</p

Methodological proposal for psychological approach of health providers to people in isolation centers by COVID 19

Foundation: providers of health systems and services need to provide comprehensive care to people in epidemiological surveillance by COVID-19. Technologies are required for an intervention which facilitate and improve the accompaniment, driving, support and the relief of psychological discomfort to this group of patients.Objective: to propose a methodology for the psychological approach of service providers to people in epidemiological surveillance by COVID 19 in the Cienfuegos province.Methods: research and development work, conducted at the Department of Psychology of the Cienfuegos Faculty of Medical Sciences. Methods of the theoretical and empirical level were used, among the latter expert criteria, composed by eight professors who met the selection criteria. Each expert was given the proposal and a questionnaire prepared for this purpose which grouped eight criteria to be evaluated. The responses were processed quantitatively, through counting and by their percentage representation, and the mean and standard deviation were also calculated.Results: experts considered that there was coherence between stages, consistency between their instruments of inquiry and those of timely intervention, as well as pertinent and suitable as well as very useful for providers.Conclusion: this methodological proposal shows structural and functional requirements which print a quality seal for the purposes it was developed. It is an instrument that may be improved as its use expands.</p

Resilience Modulators and Overburden in Major Caregivers of Advanced Cancer Patients

Foundation: the caregiver plays an important role in helping and supporting a patient with cancer, but at the same time has the emotional and work burden which this work presupposes. Objective: to determine the resilience modulating factors and the degree of burden in major caregivers of advanced cancer patients. Method: a descriptive study was developed at the Area III Policlinic Cienfuegos during the period from December 2012 to March 2013. The universe was constituted by 25 primary caregivers of patients in an advanced stage of the disease. The studied variables were: sex, age, scholarship, occupation, marital status, kinship, time to patient care, self-esteem, optimism, emotional intelligence, and burden. The techniques used were: questionnaire and test of emotional intelligence, Coopersmith self-esteem inventory, caregiver burden scale by Zarit. Results: ages between 51 and 72 years predominated 48 %, 88 % were female, 40 % had elementary school level and 48 % were married, 72 % were housewives, 44 % were patients spouses, 52 % less than a year of care giving. 60 % had an intense burden, 48 % low level of self-esteem and an intense burden. 58.3 % of caregivers with low emotional intelligence had an intense burden. Conclusion: resilience modulators, self-esteem and emotional intelligence determine the level of burden suffered by major caregivers of advanced cancer patients