Medida del ángulo de mezcla de neutrinos θ₁₃ en el experimento Double Chooz

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, leída el 30-11-2015Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

Exceptionally high but still growing predatory reef fish biomass after 23 years of protection in a Marine Protected Area

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) help replenish fish assemblages, though different trophic levels may show diverse recovery patterns. Long-term protection is required to achieve total recovery but poaching events may prevent the achievement of full carrying capacity. Here, we have analysed the effect of long-term protection on the entire reef fish community and the different trophic levels in the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA (SE Spain; SW Mediterranean Sea) in order to assess their recovery patterns after 23 years of protection. We compared the values for carrying capacity obtained with the maximum values achieved at regional scale, and we assessed the effect of a reduction in the surveillance over a few years, during which poaching events increased, on the recovery patterns. We found that, overall, biomass of fishes increased with time while density diminished. In particular, piscivorous and macro-invertivore fish increased while the other trophic groups remained constant or declined, suggesting top-down processes. For the entire study period, those trophic groups were approaching carrying capacity; however, when accounting only for the period in which enforcement was high and constant, they grew exponentially, indicating that full carrying capacity may have not been achieved yet. When compared to other Mediterranean MPAs, the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA showed values for biomass that were disproportionately higher, suggesting that local factors, such as habitat structure and associated oceanographic processes, may be responsible for the dynamics found. Our results help to understand the potential trajectories of fish assemblages over a consolidated MPA and highlight empirically how the reduction of surveillance in a period may change the recovery patterns

Climate Matching Drives Spread Rate but Not Establishment Success in Recent Unintentional Bird Introductions

Understanding factors driving successful invasions is one of the cornerstones of invasion biology. Bird invasions have been frequently used as study models, and the foundation of current knowledge largely relies on species purposefully introduced during the 19th and early 20th centuries in countries colonized by Europeans. However, the profile of exotic bird species has changed radically in the last decades, as birds are now mostly introduced into the invasion process through unplanned releases from the worldwide pet and avicultural trade. Here we assessed the role of the three main drivers of invasion success (i.e., event-, species-, and location-level factors) on the establishment and spatial spread of exotic birds using an unprecedented dataset recorded throughout the last 100 y in the Iberian Peninsula. Our multimodel inference phylogenetic approach showed that the barriers that need to be overcome by a species to successfully establish or spread are not the same. Whereas establishment is largely related to event-level factors, apparently stochastic features of the introduction (time since first introduction and propagule pressure) and to the origin of introduced species (wild-caught species show higher invasiveness than captive-bred ones), the spread across the invaded region seems to be determined by the extent to which climatic conditions in the new region resemble those of the species’ native range. Overall, these results contrast with what we learned from successful deliberate introductions and highlight that different management interventions should apply at different invasion stages, the most efficient strategies being related to event-level factors

Can Establishment Success Be Determined through Demographic Parameters? A Case Study on Five Introduced Bird Species

The dominant criterion to determine when an introduced species is established relies on the maintenance of a self-sustaining population in the area of introduction, i.e. on the viability of the population from a demographic perspective. There is however a paucity of demographic studies on introduced species, and establishment success is thus generally determined by expert opinion without undertaking population viability analyses (PVAs). By means of an intensive five year capture-recapture monitoring program (involving \u3e12,000 marked individuals) we studied the demography of five introduced passerine bird species in southern Spain which are established and have undergone a fast expansion over the last decades. We obtained useful estimates of demographic parameters (survival and reproduction) for one colonial species (Ploceus melanocephalus), confirming the long-term viability of its local population through PVAs. However, extremely low recapture rates prevented the estimation of survival parameters and population growth rates for widely distributed species with low local densities (Estrilda troglodytes and Amandava amandava) but also for highly abundant yet non-colonial species (Estrilda astrild and Euplectes afer). Therefore, determining the establishment success of introduced passerine species by demographic criteria alone may often be troublesome even when devoting much effort to field-work. Alternative quantitative methodologies such as the analysis of spatio-temporal species distributions complemented with expert opinion deserve thus their role in the assessment of establishment success of introduced species when estimates of demographic parameters are difficult to obtain, as is generally the case for non-colonial, highly mobile passerines

Ámbito de aplicación actual de los indicadores de salud ambiental

Se analizan las políticas tanto de la Unión Europea como de la Organización Mundial de la Salud con el objetivo de establecer indicadores de corrección de contaminación. La salud ambiental basa sus directrices en la prevención de las enfermedades y en la creación de entornos saludables, tomando como referencia los riesgos y efectos sobre la salud humana. Estos factores representan, el medio que habita, donde trabaja, los cambios naturales o artificiales que ese lugar manifiesta y la contaminación producida por el mismo ser humano a ese medio. Con el objetivo de reducir ese impacto, se han desarrollado políticas ambientales, que permitan incrementar la inversión para el desarrollo de la salud, consolidar y expandir las políticas de colaboración entre países, para consolidar una infraestructura que permita mejorar la salud y establecer responsabilidades públicas.The policies are analyzed both of the European Union and of the World Health Organization by the aim to establish indicators for correction of pollution. Environmental Health bases its guidelines on preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. It concerned with the risks and effects on human health represent the means living and where you work, natural or artificial changes to the site represents and pollution caused by human beings themselves to that medium. In order to reduce this impact, environmental policies have been developed, which increase investment for health development, consolidating and expanding cooperation policies between countries to build an infrastructure to improve public health and establish public responsibilities

Palau de la Música Catalana de Barcelona. Ampliación, remodelación y restauración por Oscar Tusquets Blanca.

Este TFG está centrado en la intervención que realizó el arquitecto Oscar Tusquets Blanca y su equipo en el edificio modernista del Palau de la Música Catalana de Barcelona, obra de Lluis Doménech i Muntaner, y que básicamente consistió en la construcción de dos edificios nuevos para servicios varios del propio Palau y en liberarlo de las edificaciones anexionadas. Dichas intervenciones se llevaron a cabo durante los años 1981-1989 y 2000-2004, con la ampliación (construcción de nuevos edificios), remodelación (básicamente en el foyer de la planta baja) y restauración (en partes decorativas de las zonas interiores), así como el desarrollo urbanístico basado en la formación de una plaza de acceso al Palau. Las intervenciones arquitectónicas fueron desarrolladas debido a las exigencias normativas vigentes para adecuarlo a su uso como un auditorio moderno de música.<br /