Aplicación de la teoría de la optimidad al consonantismo del habla del concejo de Casares de Las Hurdes

La novedosa Teoría de la Optimidad recoge, mediante de una serie de restricciones, todos los fenómenos lingüísticos que nos ofrecen los planos de la lengua y los aplica a todas las variedades dialectales y hablas de todo el mundo. A través de este trabajo, y tomando como base el modelo optimalista del profesor Cutillas Espinosa (2003), se pretende determinar cuáles son las codas silábicas que permanecen y cuáles sus realizaciones en el habla espontánea del concejo de Casares de Las Hurdes, situado en el norte de la provincia de Cáceres, con el fin de formalizar los fenómenos, en cuanto a estructura silábica, característicos de esta área.The innovative Optimality Theory collects, using restrictions, all linguistic changes of languages and applies them to the dialects of the World. This study, following Cutillas Espinosa’s optimality model, will deal with syllable codas, which ones are still present and what are and their realizations in the spontaneous speech in the region of Las Hurdes, North of Cáceres, in order to categorize the typical changes in this area.peerReviewe

A new way of teaching different subjects in a foreign language in the Building Engineering Degree at the Universidad Politécnica.

The European Union has been promoting linguistic diversity for many years as one of its main educational goals. This is an element that facilitates student mobility and student exchanges between different universities and countries and enriches the education of young undergraduates. In particular, a higher degree of competence in the English language is becoming essential for engineers, architects and researchers in general, as English has become the lingua franca that opens up horizons to internationalisation and the transfer of knowledge in today’s world. Many experts point to the Integrated Approach to Contents and Foreign Languages System as being an option that has certain benefits over the traditional method of teaching a second language that is exclusively based on specific subjects. This system advocates teaching the different subjects in the syllabus in a language other than one’s mother tongue, without prioritising knowledge of the language over the subject. This was the idea that in the 2009/10 academic year gave rise to the Second Language Integration Programme (SLI Programme) at the Escuela Arquitectura Técnica in the Universidad Politécnica Madrid (EUATM-UPM), just at the beginning of the tuition of the new Building Engineering Degree, which had been adapted to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) model. This programme is an interdisciplinary initiative for the set of subjects taught during the semester and is coordinated through the Assistant Director Office for Educational Innovation. The SLI Programme has a dual goal; to familiarise students with the specific English terminology of the subject being taught, and at the same time improve their communication skills in English. A total of thirty lecturers are taking part in the teaching of eleven first year subjects and twelve in the second year, with around 120 students who have voluntarily enrolled in a special group in each semester. During the 2010/2011 academic year the degree of acceptance and the results of the SLI Programme have been monitored. Tools have been designed to aid interdisciplinary coordination and to analyse satisfaction, such as coordination records and surveys. The results currently available refer to the first and second year and are divided into specific aspects of the different subjects involved and into general aspects of the ongoing experience

Bilingual education

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el aprendizaje y uso de lenguas extranjeras, sobre todo del inglés, es algo cada vez más presente en nuestras vidas, tanto como factor socializador como educativo. Los programas bilingües son algo relativamente nuevo en la educación, lo que no significa necesariamente que no existan estudios sobre ellos, pues más bien ocurre lo contrario. Aún así, son muchas las posturas respectivas a este tema, pues hay quién no termina de confiar en la eficacia de estos programas. Por este motivo, he decidido realizar este trabajo, así conoceré más sobre el bilingüismo y podré aportar algo más de información a la temática.ABSTRACT Currently, the learning and use of foreign languages, especially English, is something that is increasingly present in our lives, both as a socializing and educational factor. Bilingual programs are something relatively new in education, which does not necessarily mean that there are no studies about them, because the opposite is true. As the effectiveness of these programme is still questioned, there are many positions on this issue. For this reason, I have decided to do this survey, so I will learn more about bilingualism and I will be able to contribute with some more information to the subject.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Primari

Estudo da perfusão renal em transplantados renais pela ultra-sonografia vascular com power doppler e sua correlação com a reserva funcional renal estimulada com aminoácidos intra-venoso /

Orientador: José Gastão Rocha de CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna. Defesa: Curitiba, 2003Inclui bibliografia e anexo

Testing transpiration rates of juvenile Aleppo pine trees using the heat ratio method under laboratory conditions

Tree transpiration considerably contributes to evaporative fluxes to the atmosphere in terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate transpiration quantification provides relevant information about forest water use and may benefit adaptive forest management, especially in a global change context. Tree transpiration can be measured by several methods, and sap flow measurements are one of the most valued. However, species-specific validations of these techniques are required to avoid undesirable bias. This is especially relevant in species with low transpiration rates where errors may be relevant, such as Aleppo pine trees (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Moreover, another significant source of uncertainty in sap flow measurements is probe misalignment. Hence, the aim of this study was to correlate transpiration rates estimated by sap flow probes using the heat ratio method (THRM) and load cells to independently monitor water transpiration in juvenile Aleppo pine trees. The corrections to improve transpiration measures, including misalignment correction, were applied to THRM results to test if the accuracy of results improved. These measurements were recorded in greenhouse under controlled conditions to implement different environmental conditions. The environmental variables that ruled the experiment, mainly vapour pressure deficit and soil water availability, spanned in a wide range of values. The results showed an accurate linear correspondence between TOBS and THRM for low and medium values, but moderate underestimations at high transpiration rates were observed. These underestimations were partly removed when applying probe misalignment correction. This study supports the notion that HRM offers accurate Aleppo pine transpiration estimations with low and medium values under a variety of abiotic conditions, which also has implications for HRM application in other isohydric species. The results also support the interest in the use of probe misalignment correction to estimate transpiration, mainly when high transpiration values are recorded. The results of this study can be considered as a preliminary approach for future research in order to improve the estimates of the transpiration rates of the Aleppo pine under the limiting conditions of the Mediterranean.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund through research projects “BLUEWATER-HYDROMED” (PID2019-111332RB-C21 MICINN/FEDER), “INERTIA_HYDROMED” (PID2019-111332RB-C22 MICINN/FEDER) and “VERSUS” (CGL2015-67466-R MICINN/FEDER), “IMAGINA– PROMETEOII/2019/110” funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. A.M. Sabater was supported by a European Social Fund and the Generalitat Valenciana with a PhD contract (ACIF/2018/279). The CEAM Foundation is supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain)

Aplicación de la teoría de la optimidad al consonantismo del habla del concejo de Casares de Las Hurdes

La novedosa Teoría de la Optimidad recoge, mediante de una serie de restricciones, todos los fenómenos lingüísticos que nos ofrecen los planos de la lengua y los aplica a todas las variedades dialectales y hablas de todo el mundo. A través de este trabajo, y tomando como base el modelo optimalista del profesor Cutillas Espinosa (2003), se pretende determinar cuáles son las codas silábicas que permanecen y cuáles sus realizaciones en el habla espontánea del concejo de Casares de Las Hurdes, situado en el norte de la provincia de Cáceres, con el fin de formalizar los fenómenos, en cuanto a estructura silábica, característicos de esta área.The innovative Optimality Theory collects, using restrictions, all linguistic changes of languages and applies them to the dialects of the World. This study, following Cutillas Espinosa’s optimality model, will deal with syllable codas, which ones are still present and what are and their realizations in the spontaneous speech in the region of Las Hurdes, North of Cáceres, in order to categorize the typical changes in this area.peerReviewe

Integrated approach to foreign language in the building engineering degree at the Universidad Politécnica Madrid

The European Union has been promoting linguistic diversity for many years as one of its main educational goals. This is an element that facilitates student mobility and student exchanges between different universities and countries and enriches the education of young undergraduates. In particular,a higher degree of competence in the English language is becoming essential for engineers, architects and researchers in general, as English has become the lingua franca that opens up horizons to internationalisation and the transfer of knowledge in today’s world. Many experts point to the Integrated Approach to Contents and Foreign Languages System as being an option that has certain benefits over the traditional method of teaching a second language that is exclusively based on specific subjects. This system advocates teaching the different subjects in the syllabus in a language other than one’s mother tongue, without prioritising knowledge of the language over the subject. This was the idea that in the 2009/10 academic year gave rise to the Second Language Integration Programme (SLI Programme) at the Escuela Arquitectura Tecnica in the Universidad Politecnica Madrid (EUATM-UPM), just at the beginning of the tuition of the new Building Engineering Degree, which had been adapted to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) model. This programme is an interdisciplinary initiative for the set of subjects taught during the semester and is coordinated through the Assistant Director Office for Educational Innovation. The SLI Programme has a dual goal; to familiarise students with the specific English terminology of the subject being taught, and at the same time improve their communication skills in English. A total of thirty lecturers are taking part in the teaching of eleven first year subjects and twelve in the second year, with around 120 students who have voluntarily enrolled in a special group in each semester. During the 2010/2011 academic year the degree of acceptance and the results of the SLI Programme are being monitored. Tools have been designed to aid interdisciplinary coordination and to analyse satisfaction, such as coordination records and surveys. The results currently available refer to the first semester of the year and are divided into specific aspects of the different subjects involved and into general aspects of the ongoing experience

El momento del parto, un acontecimiento para disfrutar

La atención al parto en nuestro Sistema de Salud se lleva a cabo en los hospitales, los cuales están dotados con medios cada vez más sofisticados, lo que permite garantizar una adecuada asistencia al parto especialmente en los casos de riesgo que presentan o pueden presentar complicaciones. Pero también la atención al parto normal se ha visto afectada por la intervención médica creciente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar las alternativas existentes que se pueden realizar durante el proceso del parto, evitando la excesiva tecnificación, así como explicar la posibilidad que tienen las mujeres de disfrutar de su parto y de ser las protagonistas en la toma de decisiones. Se siguió un diseño de carácter descriptivo basado en una revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases datos, limitando los años de la búsqueda entre el 2000 y 2013, con el análisis de una muestra de los artículos originales publicados. Como conclusión se destaca la posibilidad de disfrutar de un parto digno, íntimo, humanizado y lo más fisiológico posible. Es fundamental que la mujer pueda ser partícipe de la toma de decisiones, sintiéndose protagonista durante todo el proceso del parto

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING

Nowadays, there is a great interest in hydrogen production because of its chemical uses in industry and its utilization as a clean fuel in high energetic efficiency systems like fuel cells. At present, fossil fuels (natural gas, naphtha, coal …) are the main feedstock for hydrogen production, but they have the inconvenience of a net increase of CO2 emissions and other environmental problems. The use of different types of biomass, among them waste streams, should be considered. In the present work, aqueous-phase reforming (APR) process will be studied. The APR process has some advantages in comparison to the current steam reforming methods: - Energy consumption is reduced because the water and oxygenated hydrocarbons are not vaporized. - The oxygenated compounds obtained can be safely handled and stored as they are non flammable neither toxic. - The process occurs at temperatures and pressures where the water-gas shift reaction is favoured allowing to produce hydrogen with low amounts of CO. - The decomposition reactions of carbohydrates, when they are heated at high temperatures, are minimized because APR process is performed at low temperatures (around 227 ºC). - APR process allows a continuous hydrogen production in a single step at low temperatures. - A membrane technology can be coupled to the APR process, as both are conducted at high pressures, in order to obtain a hydrogen rich effluent removing the carbon dioxide. A Pt-Al2O3 research catalyst will be synthesised as it has a high selectivity to hydrogen production. The experiments will be carried out with ethylene glycol at 227 ºC and pressures of 26.5 to 50 bar. The effect of pressure and catalyst weight/ethylene glycol flow rate (W/methglycol) ratio will be studied. The system consists of a stainless steel fixed-bed tubular reactor (9 mm id). A mixture of catalyst and sand will be placed into the reactor bed over a porous plate. When the liquid flow exits the stream is degasified and cooled at atmospheric pressure obtaining a gaseous phase, which will be analyzed in a microGC, and a condensed phase with water and non reacted ethylene glycol. The results will show the effect of pressure and W/methglycol on the gas yields and carbon conversion to gas. REFERENCES: R.D. Cortright, R.R. Davda, J.A. Dumesic, Nature 418 (2002) 964. G.W. Huber, J.W. Shabaker, S.T. Evans, J. A. Dumesic, Appl. Catal. B 62 (2006) 226. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) (Research Project Ref. No. CTQ2007-62841)

Development and Characterization of Probiotic Beers with Saccharomyces boulardii as an Alternative to Conventional Brewer’s Yeast

The development of new non-dairy probiotic foods is interesting, given lactose intolerance, milk allergies, and the growing trend of vegetarianism. In this paper, beer has been used as a probiotic delivery matrix, using Saccharomyces boulardii as an alternative to conventional brewer’s yeast. The strain was able to grow in worts prepared with hops containing different alpha-acid concentrations, attaining in all cases a final cell concentration above 1·108 cells mL−1. Some differences were found in the physicochemical parameters of beers brewed with S. boulardii compared to those brewed with a standard brewer’s yeast. Probiotic beers turned out to be less cloudy, which could help with a possible filtering step; less alcoholic in some cases; a healthier alternative; and with a slightly lower pH, interesting for the reduction of spoilage risk. Thirty volatile compounds were determined in the samples, and, in general, the beers brewed with the probiotic yeast presented significantly higher concentrations for the majority of the studied volatile compounds. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was successfully performed to differentiate the beers obtained in terms of their volatile composition. Probiotic and standard beers were also subjected to sensory analysis, and they presented similar results in their overall impression