Self-employment in Brazil and its determinants: a spatial analysis

In this paper, we intend to identify some factors underlying the different rates of participation of self-employed workers in Brazilian municipalities. In contrast with previous analysis, our study is sensitive to the spatial dimension of self-employment in Brazil. Relying on geo-referenced data from areal units, our approach avoids the restrictive assumptions of independence between area effects. Two different approaches to spatial analysis are exploited, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Spatial Econometrics. We show that substantial geographical heterogeneity in rates of self-employment exists within Brazil. The results point to the presence of clusters of municipalities with similar rates of participation of self-employment in the economy. The fitting of a spatial lag model to the data demonstrates that significant part of variation in self-employment is explained by spatial dependence. In addition, the municipality's degree of urbanization, rate of employment in the secondary sector as well as GDP per capita among others, indeed influences its rate of self-employment. We conclude that spatial analysis can provide useful insights in analyzing self-employment in Brazil.Brazil; self-employment

Identificação por "Multiplex PCR" do sorotipo monofásico e atípico Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorotipo 1,4,[5],12:i:-, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: freqüência e resistência antimicrobiana

Salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. By serological identification, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman Salmonella strains isolated in São Paulo State, during 1991-2000. A total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to H:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through PCR analysis and were further assigned as S. Typhimurium. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 36.3% of the 369 PCR-negative strains tested, including the multiresistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin.Salmonella spp. é o agente etiológico da salmonelose, zoonose mundialmente distribuída e responsável por surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos e doenças clínicas. Sorologicamente, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorotipo 1,4,[5],12:i:- correspondeu a 8,8% e 1,6% das cepas de Salmonella de origem humana e não-humana, respectivamente, isoladas no Estado de São Paulo, no decênio 1991-2000. Aproximadamente 28,6% destas cepas amplificaram o fragmento correspondente a H:1,2 (fase flagelar dois) em testes de PCR e foram, então, identificadas como S. Typhimurium. Das 369 cepas negativas em PCR, 36,3% apresentou resistência antimicrobiana, incluindo multirresistência a ampicilina, cloranfenicol, sulfonamidas, tetraciclina e estreptomicina

Qualidade do Ensino em Matemática: Determinantes do Desempenho de Alunos em Escolas Publicas Estaduais Mineiras

Este artigo analisa os determinantes do desempenho de alunos em Matemática nas séries finais do primeiro e segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio em Minas Gerais no ano de 2003. Modelos hierárquicos em três níveis são utilizados. No primeiro nível, nós incluímos muitos atributos de alunos e de seu background familiar; no segundo, algumas características das escolas, principalmente o culto-aluno; no terceiro, variáveis referentes ao município onde a escola se localiza. Quatro fontes de dados são utilizadas: Sistema de Avaliação de Ensino (SIMAVE), Sistema de Informação Custo Aluno (SICA), Censo Escolar e o de Indicadores de Responsabilidade Social de Minas Gerais (IMRS), todos para 2003. Os resultados mostram que, para todas as séries, a escolaridade da mãe e a presença de, no mínimo vinte livros em caso, contribuem positivamente para o desempenho do aluno em Matemática. Para o Ensino fundamental, é importante, também, realizar a tarefa de matemática em casa. Para a 3a série do Ensino Médio, não alocar tempo para tarefas domésticas contribui positivamente para o resultado nos testes de Matemática.Educação, Qualidade, Modelos Hierárquicos

A Mediação do livro de imagem no projeto palavras andantes em Londrina

Discusses the picture book as a device for reading mediation can provide interest and love for books and for children's literature. It aims to analyze the activity of storytelling as gender mediation and to encourage reading and the way mediators / counters Walkers Words Project Londrina City Hall using the picture book. To achieve this proposal used the generative interview narrative. Through a case study it was found that although the mediators develop the activity of narrative stories skillfully using different strategies, they still have difficulties in working with works without words as is the case of the picture book. Given the above, this research shows that the picture book is set up as a possibility that mediators have to bring in children pleasure and aesthetic experience. It concludes that this genre favors the appropriation of literary texts and contributes to the formation of readers

A Mediação do livro de imagem no projeto palavras andantes em Londrina

Discusses the picture book as a device for reading mediation can provide interest and love for books and for children's literature. It aims to analyze the activity of storytelling as gender mediation and to encourage reading and the way mediators / counters Walkers Words Project Londrina City Hall using the picture book. To achieve this proposal used the generative interview narrative. Through a case study it was found that although the mediators develop the activity of narrative stories skillfully using different strategies, they still have difficulties in working with works without words as is the case of the picture book. Given the above, this research shows that the picture book is set up as a possibility that mediators have to bring in children pleasure and aesthetic experience. It concludes that this genre favors the appropriation of literary texts and contributes to the formation of readers

O mediador e a mediação de literatura para crianças surdas

Discusses the mediation of reading and children's literature as fator as inclusion and accessibility for deaf children. It discusses how mediation can contribute to the enhancement of the autonomy and dignity of deaf children. Highlights the reading mediator's role as facilitator of the relationship between the reader and the text, pointing out that reading is a right for all. It lists the possibilities of children's literature, the discovery of meanings from the look, the perceptions and experiences of the reader. States that mediation with picture books can provide interest and love for books and literature. Through a field study and generative interview of narrative aimed to highlight the mediation through picture books to encourage reading for deaf children, and mention the difficulties that deaf children face in the reading of the universe; identify the activities that promote the reading of ownership by deaf children; list the strategies and mediating skills to provide reading for deaf children and submit the picture books as possibility of mediation for deaf children. It breaks of the beginning that the mediators face difficulties in the deaf children's insert in the universe of the reading and that the image book would be a possibility to overcome them. Stresses that the responsibility of the mediator to encourage the development of deaf children critically conscious and ethics is possible and also necessary. It concludes that mediation with picture books may constitute action to encourage reading for deaf childrenDiscute a mediação da leitura e da literatura infantil como fator de inclusão e de acessibilidade para as crianças surdas. Aborda como a mediação pode contribuir na valorização da autonomia e dignidade das crianças surdas. Destaca o papel do mediador de leitura como facilitador da relação entre o leitor e o texto, salientando que ler é um direito de todos. Elenca as possibilidades da literatura infantil, da descoberta dos significados a partir do olhar, das percepções e experiências do leitor. Afirma que a mediação com livros de imagem pode propiciar o interesse e o gosto pelos livros e pela literatura. Por intermédio de um estudo de campo e da entrevista gerativa de narrativa objetivou-se evidenciar a mediação por meio de livros de imagem como incentivo à leitura para crianças surdas, além de mencionar as dificuldades que as crianças surdas enfrentam no universo da leitura; identificar as atividades que propiciam a apropriação da leitura pelas crianças surdas; elencar as estratégias e habilidades do mediador para propiciar a leitura para as crianças surdas e apresentar os livros de imagem como possibilidade de mediação para as crianças surdas. Parte do princípio de que os mediadores enfrentam dificuldades na inserção das crianças surdas no universo da leitura e de que o livro de imagem seria uma possibilidade de superá-las. Enfatiza que a responsabilidade do mediador em favorecer o desenvolvimento das crianças surdas de maneira crítica, consciente e ética é possível e, também, necessária. Conclui que a mediação com livros de imagem pode se constituir em ação de incentivo à leitura para crianças surdas

Temporal variation of bacterial population and response to physical and chemical parameters along a petrochemical industry wastewater treatment plant

The petrochemical industry has played a considerable role in generation and release of waste in the environment. Activated sludge and facultative lagoons are commonly used for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment due to their low-cost and minimal need for operational requirements. Microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are responsible for most nutrient removal. In this study, microbiological and physicochemical parameters were used to estimate changes in bacterial community in a petrochemical industrial WWTP. The activated sludge was the place with higher heterotrophic bacterial quantification. Denitrifying bacteria was reduced at least 5.3 times throughout all collections samples. We observe a decrease in the total Kjeldahl nitrogen, oxygen demand and phosphate throughout the WWTP. In this work, we also use Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for bacteria isolates identification comparing with 16S rDNA sequencing. The MALDITOF MS allowed the identification of 93% of the isolates and only 5% show different results from 16S rDNA sequencing showing that the MALDI-TOF MS can be a tool for identifying environmental bacteria. The observation of microbial community dynamics in the WWTP is important in order to understand the functioning of the ecological structure formed in a specific environment

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma : a case report

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare, benign, slow-growing odontogenic tumor, generally asymptomatic and more prevalent in children and adolescents. We report a case of AFO in the mandible of an eight-yearold Caucasian male patient, and review the literature. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling extending from the deciduous second molar to the retromolar triangle, covered with normal mucosa. A panoramic radiograph showed a large, well-demarcated radiolucency with radiopaque areas. The provisional diagnosis was of AFO, and so an incisional biopsy was performed. Histologically, the lesion was composed of connective tissue resembling the dental papilla, with epithelial strands or islands, as well as denticles and amorphous masses of enamel and dentin consistent with a diagnosis of AFO. Surgical excision and curettage of the lesion were performed. The patient has been monitored for eight years and the lesion has not recurred

Imagined frontiers: educational experiences and the construction of plans for the future by a group of lower- and middle-class youngsters

This article is about the results of a study focusing on processes through which adolescents from different social groups build their plans for the future in terms of schools and jobs. From interviews with 14 youngsters and their families, it was possible to make it clear that these plans for the future are closely related to their families' (ascending or descending) social history, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to the structure of assets these families have, and that all this results in a clear adjustment between the plans and the chances to make them come true. This convergence is only threatened by schools' verdicts, which may impose different perceptions about the future than the ones built in family relations. The implications of these results will be discussed at the end of the text.O artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou focalizar os processos pelos quais adolescentes de diferentes grupos sociais constroem disposições quanto ao futuro em relação à escola e ao trabalho. A partir de entrevistas com 14 jovens e suas famílias foi possível mostrar que as disposições quanto ao futuro são tributárias, por um lado, do sentido da trajetória social do grupo familiar (ascendente ou descendente) e, por outro, da estrutura dos patrimônios, material e simbólico, de que dispõem essas famílias, gerando, ao final, um ajustamento claro entre disposições e chances de torná-las realidade. Essa congruência só é ameaçada pelo veredito escolar que pode impor percepções diferentes de futuro daquelas construídas na relação com a família. As implicações desses resultados são discutidas ao final.40142