Para uma periodização da pré-história recente do norte de Portugal: da segunda metade do 4º milénio aos finais do 3º milénio AC

Tendo como base novas premissas e novos dados resultantes de projetos de investigação desenvolvidos para a Pré-história Recente, em diferente áreas do Norte de Portugal, as autoras revisitam as diferentes periodizações elaboradas para o período compreendido entre a segunda metade do 4º e os finais do 3º milénios AC (os chamados Neolítico Médio/Final, Calcolítico e Bronze Antigo ou Inicial). A uma ampla escala de análise, reflete-se sobre as bases duma futura periodização conjunta para a região, destacando-se, na longa duração, continuidades e mudanças culturais.Based on new premises and new data resulting from research projects developed for Late Prehistory in different areas of Northern Portugal, the authors review the different periodization’s elaborated for the period between the second half of the fourth and the end of the third millennia BC (the so-called Middle/Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age). A broad scale of analysis reflects on the basis of a future joint periodization for the region, highlighting, in the long run, cultural continuities and changesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Two new species of Synidotea (Crustacea, Isopoda, Valvifera) from Brazil

No presente trabalho são descritas duas novas espécies de isópodes marinhos pertencentes ao gênero Synidotea Harger, 1878, i.e., Synidotea littoralis sp. n. e Synidotea brunnea sp. n.. As espécies foram coletadas nos Estados de Alagoas (S. littoralis sp. n.), Bahia e Espírito Santo (S. brunnea sp. n.), entre algas, na região entre-marés.Two new species of marine isopods referred to the genus Synidotea Harger, 1878, are described from Brazil. The species are Synidotea littoralis sp. n. and Synidotea brunnea sp. n. Both species were collected in the intertidal zone, from amongst seaweeds

Incident light orientation lets C4 monocotyledonous leaves make light work differently

Photosynthesis is an important driver of ecosystem sustainability in the face of climate change. Monocotyledonous crop species with C4 photosynthesis such as maize (Zea mays L; corn) and sugar cane are crucial for future food security and biofuel crop requirements, while C4 pasture grasses such as Paspalum are central to natural ecosystems. The global demand for corn will exceed that for wheat and rice by 2020, making it the world's most important crop. Light-driven photosynthesis supports plant biomass production, but plants have also evolved safety valve mechanisms that attenuate the absorption of potentially lethal levels of excess light. The array of survival responses that enables leaves to evade photoinhibition is complex and involves chloroplast and leaf movement as well as the molecular rearrangements that facilitate thermal energy dissipation. Here we report a novel morphological mechanism that allows C4 monocotyledonous leaves to regulate photosynthesis independently on each surface with respect to incident light allowing better adaptation to water deficits and light stress. We show that under abaxial illumination as occurs when monocotyledonous leaves curl in response to water stress the stomata close and photosynthetic metabolism shuts down on the adaxial surface of C4 leaves but these parameters increase in function to the abaxial surface. We discuss how this regulation confers a survival advantage to the C4 relative to C3 leaves which are unable to regulate their dorso-ventral functions in relation to light

Envolvimento extracurricular e ajustamento académico: um estudo com estudantes de engenharia da Universidade do Minho

O ajustamento académico tem sido conceptualizado como um processo complexo e multidimensional que envolve múltiplos factores tanto de natureza intrapessoal como de natureza contextual. Entre estes, o envolvimento em actividades extracurriculares tem sido apontado como um importante factor na adaptação ou integração dos estudantes ao novo contexto universitário. O presente estudo pretende analisar em que medida o envolvimento dos estudantes em actividades extracurriculares é promotor da adaptação e rendimento académicos. Os 62 estudantes de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho, responderam no final do 2º semestre do ano lectivo 1999/2000 ao Questionário de Vivências Académicas e a um questionário de caracterização sócio-demográfica e de caracterização do tipo de envolvimento académico. Algumas diferenças foram observadas, tendo em conta o tipo de envolvimento extracurricular dos alunos, em aspectos relacionados com o rendimento e com algumas dimensões das suas vivências académicas

Autonomy and collage adjustment: A study with 1st-year Portuguese college students

Los niveles de autonomía psicológica de los alumnos desempeñan un papel importante en su ajuste a las presiones y desafíos de la vida universitaria. En este sentido, el presente estudio analiza las relaciones entre los niveles de autonomía de los estudiantes en su entrada en la Enseñanza Superior y la calidad de su ajuste académico al final del primer año. Se aplicó el Iowa Developing Autonomy Inventory (IDAI; Hood y Jackson, 1983) en el inicio del año lectivo, y el Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA; Almeida, Soares y Ferreira, 2000) al final de ese año, a una muestra de 420 alumnos de primer año de la Universidade do Minho. Los resultados revelan que los alumnos poseen percepciones bastante positivas en cuanto a sus niveles de autonomía en las áreas de Gestión del tiempo, Movilidad e Interdependencia, y niveles más bajos en la Gestión del dinero, observándose algunas oscilaciones en función del género. Por otro lado, los alumnos cuya entrada en la Enseñanza Superior no implicó su abandono del hogar familiar, especialmente los de sexo masculino, presentan niveles más elevados de ajuste académico. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que el ajuste académico se encuentra asociado a los niveles de autonomía de los alumnos, en particular en lo que concierne a la Gestión del tiempo, Independencia emocional de sus compañeros e Interdependencia.Students’ psychological autonomy levels play an important role in their adjustment to the pressures and challenges of college life. In this sense, the present descriptive study analyzes the relationships between autonomy levels reached by students at the moment they entered Higher Education and the quality of their academic adjustment at the end of 1st academic year. It was applied the Iowa Developing Autonomy Inventory (IDAI), in the beginning of 1st semester, and the Academic Experiences Questionnaire (AEQ) at the end of that academic year, to a sample of 420 1st year University of Minho students’. Results show that students had quite positive results in what concerns to Time management, Mobility and Interdependence, and lower results in Money management. It was observed some gender effects. On the other hand, the students whose entrance in the Higher Education did not imply family separation, especially male students, present higher levels of academic adjustment. Finally, results suggest that academic adjustment was associated to students’ levels of autonomy, in particular in what concerns to Time management, Peer emotional independence and Interdependence

Envolvimento académico : confronto de expectativas e comportamentos em universitários do 1º ano

No presente trabalho analisam-se as expectativas dos estudantes acerca do seu envolvimento em diversas dimensões associadas à vida académica, assim como os comportamentos vivenciados uns meses após essa entrada tomando as mesmas dimensões. A amostra considerada é formada por 314 estudantes do 1º ano de três agrupamentos de cursos (Ciências e Engenharia; Ciências Económicas; e Ciências Sociais e Humanas) da Universidade do Minho. Estes alunos responderam, no início do ano e a meados do 2º semestre, ao Questionário de Envolvimento Académico (QEA; Soares & Almeida, 2001) nas suas versões de expectativas (Versão A) e comportamentos (Versão B). Os resultados sugerem níveis elevados de expectativas iniciais dos es- tudantes no momento da sua entrada na Universidade, registando-se uma diminuição significativa de tais índices no segundo momento da avaliação, em particular nas subescalas de envolvimento institucional e de envolvimento vocacional. Algumas oscilações nos resultados foram encontradas tomando os alunos de acordo com o agrupamento do curso frequentado, com o género, os níveis escolares dos pais ou o facto de frequentarem ou não um curso de 1º opção.This paper analyses students’ initial expectations concerning personal investment in different domains of academic life, as well as behaviours some months later in those same dimensions. The sample included 314 first year students of the University of Minho from three graduations areas: science and engineering, economic sciences, and social sciences and humanities. A questionnaire of academic involvement (QEA; Soares & Almeida, 2001) was applied to students at entrance (expectations version) and at middle of first semester (behaviours version). Results suggest higher levels of initial expectations at the entrance in the university, and a significant decrease of those levels some months later, namely in the institutional and vocational subscales. Some significant changes have been found considering the domain and option of graduation studies, gender and academic level of parents.Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian - Programa de Apoio a Projectos de Pesquisa no Domínio Educativo (2001/04) - projecto “Transição, adaptação e sucesso académico de jovens no Ensino Superior

Distribution of herpetofauna in caves of Portuguese karst massifs

Amphibians are frequently found exploring subterranean environments. Even though in Europe there are already some reports of amphibians present in subterranean habitats, in Portugal there is a major lack of knowledge of these ecosystems, namely in the karst region. Considering the relevance of amphibians and their current conservational status, it is important to assess their presence in every potential habitat. In order to provide further knowledge over this subject a preliminary survey was carried out in two Portuguese karst massifs, Estremenho and Sicó. A total of 24 caves were surveyed and as result three species (Tarentola mauritanica; Salamandra salamandra and Pleorodeles waltl) were found in Estremenho karst massif, and two species (Triturus marmoratus and Bufo bufo) were observed in Sicó karst massif. Furthermore, evidences were found that P. waltl uses caves for reproduction, which had only been reported once in Spain. This allowed perceiving that herpetofauna species occupy caves of Portuguese karst massifs and are also using them as reproduction sites