Infiltração marginal em restaurações classe V com materiais adesivos - estudo "in vitro"-

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias da SaudeCavidades classe V, totalmente expulsivas, em forma de "V", foram preparadas nas faces vestibulares de 50 pré-molares, simulando lesões de erosão-abrasão. Os corpos de prova foram restaurados com: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose e Z100; Vitremer; VariGlass VLC; Ketac-Fil e Vitrebond, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose e Z100. Para avaliar a microinfiltração na interface dente-restauração os corpos de prova sofreram uma ciclagem térmica, totalizando 2000 ciclos, e foram imersos em uma solução aquosa de Rhodamina B a 0,1%. Os níveis de infiltração marginal mostraram-se, consideravelmente, elevados. Dos cinco sistemas restauradores adesivos estudados, pode-se considerar que o desempenho do cimento de ionômero de vidro Ketac-Fil, quanto à capacidade de selamento marginal, foi melhor em comparação ao dos outros materiais empregados neste estudo in vitro

Sincronização de acenos em caranguejos chama-maré (UCA Leptodactyla, Crustacea : Ocypodidae)

Resumo: Os caranguejos chama-maré (Uca spp., Crustacea: Ocypodidae) são conhecidos por apresentarem um extremo dimorfismo sexual e pelo marcante comportamento de exibição de sinais executado pelos machos. Esses sinais são chamados de acenos e são caracterizados pelo movimento do maior quelípode. O aceno é usado essencialmente em dois contextos: na defesa do território entre os machos e em exibições visuais de corte às fêmeas, sugerindo que a presença da fêmea e a densidade de machos sejam fatores sociais que influenciam o comportamento de aceno. Para três espécies de Uca existem evidencias de que os machos podem sincronizar seus acenos com seus vizinhos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos que desencadeiam e estimulam esse comportamento de sincronia e como o contexto social influencia a execução dos acenos. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar se o comportamento de sincronização de acenos também ocorre na espécie Uca leptodactyla, bem como, entender a influência da presença da fêmea e de diferentes densidades de machos sobre o comportamento de acenos. Para isso, um experimento foi realizado em uma região de baixio na baía de Guaratuba-PR, Brasil. Machos foram acondicionados em parcelas fixadas no baixio e durante a maré baixa tiveram as suas atividades filmadas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a existência de um padrão sincrônico nos acenos dos machos de U. leptodactyla. Sendo assim, U. leptodactyla é a quarta espécie do gênero Uca em que a sincronização foi verificada. A sincronização de acenos foi observada tanto na presença quanto na ausência da fêmea. Contudo, os eventos de sincronização e altas taxas de acenos foram mais frequentes quando a fêmea estava presente. A taxa de acenos foi positivamente relacionada ao tamanho do território, sugerindo que o comportamento de aceno pode estar associado à manutenção do território. No entanto, a sincronização e a taxa de execução de acenos não apresentaram variações ao longo das diferentes densidades. Esses resultados demonstram o papel do comportamento de aceno em Uca atuando como um sinal relacionado à manutenção do território e à atração das fêmeas, evidenciando a importância da transmissão desse sinal no contexto social e no sistema reprodutivo altamente competitivo em Uca

Mining requests in Brazil’s Indigenous Lands finally removed, but the battle continues

Mining causes intense socio-environmental impacts and threatens Indigenous peoples in Brazil, exposing them to violence, contagious diseases, mercury contamination, and loss of livelihoods. Recent collaborative efforts by society achieved positive advances against mining in Indigenous Lands (ILs). Notably, the National Mining Agency (ANM) has revoked thousands of mining requests that encroached upon ILs for decades, marking a historic but underpublicized milestone. However, in recent months, the National Congress has approved a series of counter-attacks against Indigenous rights. Despite these advancements, it is imperative for society to sustain pressure in combating illegal mining in ILs and the ongoing attacks by ruralist and mining groups, who have a long history of undermining Indigenous rights

Trajetorias: a dataset of environmental, epidemiological, and economic indicators for the Brazilian Amazon

The Trajetorias dataset is a harmonized set of environmental, epidemiological, and poverty indicators for all municipalities of the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). This dataset is the result of a scientific synthesis research initiative conducted by scientists from several natural and social sciences fields, consolidating multidisciplinary indicators into a coherent dataset for integrated and interdisciplinary studies of the Brazilian Amazon. The dataset allows the investigation of the association between the Amazonian agrarian systems and their impacts on environmental and epidemiological changes, furthermore enhancing the possibilities for understanding, in a more integrated and consistent way, the scenarios that affect the Amazonian biome and its inhabitants.This work was funded by the Brazilian Research Council (CNPQ MCTIC-SÍNTESE EM BIODIVERSIDADE E SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS-SINBIOSE, process 442357/2019-2). We are grateful to the Synthesis Center on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (SinBiose), funded by the Brazilian Research Council, for providing the opportunity for the development of this work. CC, AM, RML, and AD are also grateful to the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) for providing the intellectual environment that stimulated the conception of the present work, as part of the project Development, environmental degradation, and disease spread in the Brazilian Amazon led by Andres Baeza and Mercedes Pascual. We would like to extend a special thanks to Professor Francisco de Assis Costa, from the Pará Federal University (UFPA) for sharing his data on the technological trajectories in the municipalities of the Amazon biome and for his generous discussions and support. We also extend our special thanks to Alexandre Gontijo, Flavio Coelho and Marcelle Chagas, for fruitful discussions during the project.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 15 autors/es: Ana C. Rorato, Ana Paula Dal’Asta, Raquel Martins Lana, Ricardo B. N. dos Santos, Maria Isabel S. Escada, Camila M. Vogt, Tatiana Campos Neves, Milton Barbosa, Cecilia S. Andreazzi, Izabel C. dos Reis, Danilo A. Fernandes, Mônica da Silva-Nunes, Anielli R. de Souza, Antonio M. V. Monteiro & Claudia T. Codeço "Postprint (published version

Remoção de placa bacteriana pela escovação elétrica e manual em crianças

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of plaque control performed with electric and manual toothbrushes. Fifteen children with primary dentition and 14 children with mixed dentition were divided in two groups and randomly assigned to utilize a manual or an electric toothbrush. In the first session, professional plaque removal was performed, and the children spent 24 hours without brushing their teeth. In the second session, plaque was disclosed and assessed on all facial and lingual surfaces. After that, all children brushed their teeth with the predetermined toothbrush. The next procedure was the disclosure and measurement of residual plaque. After a period of 7 days, the children switched the kind of toothbrush, and the same procedures were repeated. According to the statistical analysis of the results, there were no significant differences concerning plaque removal when the toothbrushes were utilized by children with mixed dentition. On the other hand, the electric toothbrush promoted significantly greater plaque removal on the lingual surfaces of teeth from children with primary dentition.A proposta deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da remoção de placa bacteriana pelas escovações elétrica e manual. Quinze crianças portadoras de dentadura decídua e 14 crianças portadoras de dentadura mista foram divididas em dois grupos e, aleatoriamente, designadas a utilizar a escova manual ou a escova elétrica. Na primeira sessão, foi realizada completa remoção de placa bacteriana e após, as crianças permaneceram 24 horas sem escovar os dentes. Na segunda sessão, foi feita revelação de placa bacteriana e computação de seu índice para todas as faces vestibulares e linguais dos dentes. Depois, todos os participantes escovaram os dentes com a escova predeterminada. A próxima etapa foi a revelação e medição da placa residual. Decorridos 7 dias, as crianças trocaram para a outra escova dental e os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados. De acordo com os resultados, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na remoção de placa bacteriana quando as escovas foram usadas por crianças em fase de dentição mista. No entanto, a escova elétrica removeu significativamente mais placa bacteriana nas faces linguais das crianças com dentição decídua

Environmental vulnerability assessment of Brazilian Amazon Indigenous Lands

Amazonian Indigenous Lands (ILs) are human-environment systems facing a multitude of environmental threats. Yet, the resulting vulnerability of these systems are to date unknown. We adopt the theoretical vulnerability framework of the IPCC to assess the environmental vulnerability of Brazilian Amazon ILs for two periods (2001–2010 and 2011–2019) and overall (2001–2019). Vulnerability is deemed a function of exposure (EX), sensitivity (SE) and adaptive capacity (AC) of a system to threats. Sensitivity (threats within IL) and exposure (threats in IL's buffer zones) indicators are changes in forest cover, economic activities, and road access, quantified using data of deforestation, forest degradation, land-use, fire, roads and mining. Adaptive capacity indicators represent Indigenous self-organization, education and access to knowledge, land ownership, external incomes, and institutional arrangement. We find a concentration of ILs with high vulnerability in the Arc of Deforestation and South, and advancing in Pará and Roraima states. A strong relationship (Spearman r = 0.79) between EX and SE indicates the strong pressure exerted by external processes. An increase in EX (73.9% of the ILs) and in SE (64.8% of the ILs) in 2011–2019 compared to 2001–2010 signals a worrying rise in vulnerability recently. We advise the adoption of policies by the State, such as combating illegal activities, and strengthening National Policy for Environmental and Territorial Management of ILs. Herein, our vulnerability quantification can prioritize help to certain ILs, and the understanding of the contribution of the underlying dimensions can direct these policies, possibly according to the vulnerability profile of each IL

Safety profile, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of a nanostructured lipid carrier containing oil and butter from Astrocaryum vulgare: in vitro studies

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare)is a fruit native to the Amazon region. Extracts from the peel and pulp are thought of as promising treatments for bacterial infections. The primary constituents of Tucumã oil and butter possess unsaturated carbon chains that are susceptible to oxidation by light or heat. The oils have high volatility and low aqueous solubility that limits their use without a vehicle. Nanotechnology refers to techniques to solve these problems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), for example, protect fixed oils degradation by heat or light, as well as from oxidation and evaporation, ensuring greater stability and function, thereby prolonging the useful life of the final product. Study objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of an NLC containing Tucumã butter and oil soasto improve the solubility and photosensitivity of the compounds, generating better pharmacological efficacy. Materials and methods: The NLC was assessed for stability for 60 days. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononucleated cells was determined in culture using assays for cell viability, DNA damage, oxidative metabolism and damage to human erythrocytes. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity according to standardized protocols. Results: The Tucumã NLC remained stable throughout the evaluated period, with pH between 5.22–5.35, monodisperse distribution (PDI<0.3) and average particle size of 170.7 ± 3nm. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the NLC is safe and modulates inflammatory processes, demonstrated by increased cell viability and nitric oxide levels. There was low hemolytic activity of the NLC against human erythrocytes almost concentrations tested. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that NLC containing Tucumã oil and butter showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against organisms that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. They may be alternative solutions to public health problems related to bacterial infections

Correlation of lifetime progress of atherosclerosis and morphologic markers of severity in humans: new tools for a more sensitive evaluation

OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphological features of atherosclerosis in the aortas of autopsied patients (ranging from young adults to the elderly), thus providing new tools for a more sensitive morphological evaluation. METHOD: We collected 141 aorta samples. We assessed the macroscopic degree of atherosclerosis, thickness of the intima and media, lipid and collagen depositions in the intima, and the infiltration of mast cells into the layers of the aorta. We correlated the findings with gender, age, race and cause of death. RESULTS: The degree of atherosclerosis was significantly higher in the elderly. The aorta was thicker in the elderly and in cases with a cardiovascular cause of death. The thickness of the intima was significantly greater in the elderly, in males and in cases with a cardiovascular cause of death. The lipid content in the intima of the aorta was significantly higher in Caucasians. Older people and men had a significantly higher number of mast cells. CONCLUSION: A macroscopic evaluation is a good indicator of the severity of atherosclerosis, but a more detailed analysis, namely evaluating the thickness of the layers of the aorta and the number of mast cells, may further elucidate the changes in the constituents of this vessel

AVALIAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE: UMA PESQUISA COM USUÁRIOS DE UNIDADES BÁSICAS VINCULADAS AO PROGRAMA PRÓ-PET SAÚDE

A atual pesquisa objetivou avaliar o impacto do programa PRÓ-PET-Saúde na qualidade dos serviços prestados e na satisfação dos usuários dos serviços de saúde básica da cidade de Santa Maria, estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva com 373 usuários de dez Unidades Básicas de Sáude (UBS) vinculadas ao PRÓ-PET-Saúde, por meio de uma adaptação da Escala SERVQUAL proposta por Parasuraman, Zeithaml e Berry (1998) para avaliação dos serviços e da Escala de Satisfação de Oliver (1997) para averiguar a satisfação dos usuários. Na análise das médias e desvios-padrões entre cada UBS pesquisada, identificou-se que, de modo geral, as UBS foram bem avaliadas. Com relação ao impacto do perfil dos usuários, verificou-se que esse perfil gerou um impacto significativo na avaliação sobre os serviços prestados pelas UBS. Dessa forma, os resultados encontrados podem servir de base para a constante melhoria dos serviços públicos de saúde ofertados pelas UBS atuantes no PRÓ-PET-Saúde em Santa Maria/RS, pois revelou a avaliação dos usuários sobre diversos aspectos no atendimento

Ethical considerations related to drone use for environment and health research: A scoping review protocol

Introduction: The use of drones in environment and health research is a relatively new phenomenon. A principal research activity drones are used for is environmental monitoring, which can raise concerns in local communities. Existing ethical guidance for researchers is often not specific to drone technology and practices vary between research settings. Therefore, this scoping review aims to gather the evidence available on ethical considerations surrounding drone use as perceived by local communities, ethical considerations reported on by researchers implementing drone research, and published ethical guidance related to drone deployment. Methods and analysis: This scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. The literature search will be conducted using academic databases and grey literature sources. After pilot testing the inclusion criteria and data extraction tool, two researchers will double-screen and then chart available evidence independently. A content analysis will be carried out to identify patterns of categories or terms used to describe ethical considerations related to drone usage for environmental monitoring in the literature using the R Package RQDA. Discrepancies in any phase of the project will be solved through consensus between the two reviewers. If consensus cannot be reached, a third arbitrator will be consulted. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required; only secondary data will be used. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/a78et). The results will be disseminated through publication in a scientific journal and will be used to inform drone field campaigns in the Wellcome Trust funded HARMONIZE project. HARMONIZE aims to develop cost-effective and reproducible digital infrastructure for stakeholders in climate change hotspots in Latin America & the Caribbean and will use drone technology to collect data on fine scale landscape changes