Una reconsideración del modelo Balassa-Samuelson en la zona euro

En este trabajo analizamos, en un conjunto de países de la eurozona, si se han verificado dos de las premisas en las que se basa el modelo Balassa-Samuelson: la equiparación de los salarios en el sector comerciable y no comerciable, y el cumplimiento de la PPA en el sector expuesto al comercio internacional. En términos generales, nuestros resultados indican que ninguna de las dos hipótesis se ha cumplido en el periodo analizado (1973-2003). Por ello, ampliamos el marco de estudio del modelo y contrastamos si dentro de cada país ha existido una relación de cointegración entre los precios, las productividades y los salarios relativos. Analizamos, además, la existencia de una relación de largo plazo entre los tipos de cambio reales, los tipos de cambio reales en el sector comerciable, y la diferencia de productividades y de salarios relativos con respecto a Alemania. Mientras que los salarios resultan escasamente significativos en ambas relaciones, la evolución de los precios en el sector comerciable recibe un amplio respaldo empírico como variable explicativa de los tipos de cambio reales.tipos de cambio reales, productividad, no comerciables, cointegración

Desarrollo de un programa de mentorías de matemáticas para los alumnos de grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

Programa de mentorías por parte de alumnos de cursos superiores a alumnos de primer curso del Grado en Economía en asignaturas de matemáticas que les permita mejorar su motivación y los resultados logrados

Activos, productos y mercados financieros: entre todos y para todos

Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesFALSEsubmitte

Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: The PREFIT project

Objectives Reference values are necessary for classifying children, for health screening, and for early prevention as many non-communicable diseases aggravate during growth and development. While physical fitness reference standards are available in children aged 6 and older, such information is lacking in preschool children. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to provide sex-and age-specific physical fitness reference standards for Spanish preschool children; and (2) to study sex differences across this age period and to characterise fitness performance throughout the preschool period. Design Cross-sectional. Methods A total of 3179 preschool children (1678 boys) aged 2.8–6.4 years old from Spain were included in the present study. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT battery. Results Age- and sex-specific percentiles for the physical fitness components are provided. Boys performed better than girls in the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility tests over the whole preschool period studied and for the different percentiles. In contrast, girls performed slightly better than boys in the balance test. Older children had better performance in all fitness tests than their younger counterparts. Conclusions Our study provides age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference standards in preschool children allowing interpretation of fitness assessment. Sexual dimorphism in fitness tests exists already at preschool age, and these differences become larger with age. These findings will help health, sport, and school professionals to identify preschool children with a high/very low fitness level, to examine changes in fitness over time, and to analyse those changes obtained due to intervention effects

Innovación en las enseñanzas universitarias: experiencias presentadas en las III Jornadas de Innovación Educativa de la ULL

En este libro se recoge un conjunto de experiencias de innovación educativa desarrolladas en la ULL en el curso 2011-12. Se abordan distintos ámbitos y ramas del conocimiento, y ocupan temáticas variadas que han sido desarrolladas con rigor, y con un claro potencial para su extrapolación a efectos de la mejora educativa en el ámbito universitario. Esta publicación constituye una primera edición de una serie que irá recogiendo las experiencias de innovación educativa de la ULL. Este es un paso relevante para su impulso en nuestra institución, como lo es el de su vinculación con la investigación educativa, para potenciar su publicación en las revistas científicas en este ámbito cada vez más pujante y relevante para las universidades. Sobre todo representan el deseo y el compromiso del profesorado de la ULL para la mejora del proceso educativo mediante la investigación, la evaluación y la reflexión compartida de nuestras prácticas y planteamientos docentes

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS NIVELES DE PRECIOS Y LOS NIVELES DE RENTA Y PRODUCTIVIDAD EN LOS PAÍSES DE LA ZONA DEL EURO: IMPLICACIONES DE LA CONVERGENCIA REAL SOBRE LOS DIFERENCIALES DE INFLACIÓN

. En este trabajo hemos contrastado en un conjunto de países que hoy forman parte de la zona del euro si, en primer lugar, dentro de cada uno de ellos la renta per cápita y la productividad relativa del sector expuesto al comercio internacional han presentado una relación positiva de largo plazo (en el periodo 1970-2002) con los precios relativos de los servicios no comerciables. En segundo lugar, hemos analizado si sus diferencias de renta per cápita y de productividad relativa, con respecto a Alemania, han mostrado una relación positiva de largo plazo con sus tipos de cambio reales. Para contrastar ambas relaciones hemos utilizado un análisis de cointegración basado en la metodología de Johansen, complementado con la aplicación de tests que permiten detectar la existencia de cointegración en presencia de cambio estructural. Los resultados obtenidos confirman, en general, el papel desempeñado por la productividad relativa a la hora de explicar los precios de los servicios no comerciables dentro de cada país, mientras que la evidencia a favor de la renta es más débil. Por lo que respecta a los tipos de cambio reales, tanto las diferencias de productividad relativa como de renta per cápita con respecto a Alemania presentan, en general, el signo positivo esperado, aunque no en todos los países resultan significativas.renta, productividad, precios, tipos de cambio reales, no comerciables.

Desarrollo de un programa de mentorías de matemáticas para los alumnos de grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

Programa de mentorías por parte de alumnos de cursos superiores a alumnos de primer curso del Grado en Economía en asignaturas de matemáticas que les permita mejorar su motivación y los resultados logrados

Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: The PREFIT project

Objectives. Reference values are necessary for classifying children, for health screening, and for early prevention as many non-communicable diseases aggravate during growth and development. While physical fitness reference standards are available in children aged 6 and older, such information is lacking in preschool children. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to provide sex-and age-specific physical fitness reference standards for Spanish preschool children; and (2) to study sex differences across this age period and to characterise fitness performance throughout the preschool period. Design. Cross-sectional. Methods. A total of 3179 preschool children (1678 boys) aged 2.8–6.4 years old from Spain were included in the present study. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT battery. Results. Age- and sex-specific percentiles for the physical fitness components are provided. Boys performed better than girls in the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility tests over the whole preschool period studied and for the different percentiles. In contrast, girls performed slightly better than boys in the balance test. Older children had better performance in all fitness tests than their younger counterparts. Conclusions. Our study provides age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference standards in preschool children allowing interpretation of fitness assessment. Sexual dimorphism in fitness tests exists already at preschool age, and these differences become larger with age. These findings will help health, sport, and school professionals to identify preschool children with a high/very low fitness level, to examine changes in fitness over time, and to analyse those changes obtained due to intervention effects

Further empirical evidence on block transactions below the MBR: the Spanish market

There is a relatively unknown market for partial control or corporate influence in Spanish listed firms, where the control transaction size is below the legal threshold that triggers a mandatory tender offer, as this kind of deal looks for exercising some degree of control, but not a full control. The goal of this paper is to go further in its empirical analysis by exploring its distinguishing features, using as the criterion to define its transactions obtaining a seat in the board of directors. We find that these deals are mainly located in the segment of the market of large trades where the rules for private negotiations are easier to implement; the size of the block is relatively large and it is negotiated as a whole block. Besides, the most common buyer has no previous stake in the firm. We find no evidence that the buyers pay, in median, for a seat on the board of directors, but the variability of the premiums for those blocks is higher and shows that buyers that had no control position in the target firm pay more for being among largest shareholders (partial control) and less for not being among them (influence).Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Pública y PolíticaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu