The impact of using technology on the performance of dairy production: traditional management, compost barn and free stall

Purpose: This theoretical application seeks to analyze the contribution of the use of differentiated technologies and systems in the formation of the results of the dairy activity of three rural properties, which use different productive systems and are located in the Northwest region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Calculation of costs of the three properties using the absorption costing method, in order to know the respective results in each production system analyzed. Methodology: To achieve the objective of the study, financial control sheets were prepared, based on these data, the management cost indicators for each property were determined, namely: contribution margin, breakeven point, operational safety margin, income statement and some investment indicators, thus enabling the comparison of results in traditional production, composting granaries and free stalls. Results: The results indicate that the compost barn method obtained the highest productivity per matrix, the highest average price and the second lowest cost per liter, and, therefore, the highest average profit per liter and per area (hectare) for dairy production among the three. properties analyzed, with an average result per liter of R $0.27 and per area (hectare) R$ 10,030.52. In comparison with other studies carried out in the area, the results indicate that the region under research was a determining factor. Contributions of the Study: The research made it possible for external users to verify which production method achieved the highest productivity and profitability in the region and in the properties analyzed. In addition, for the producers participating in the research, it was possible to evaluate the return on the activity based on a complete determination of costs, considering that their controls before the development of the study were strongly based on intuition or on previous experiences, without due control. and evaluation

O impacto do uso da tecnologia no desempenho da produção leiteira: manejo tradicional, compost barn e free stall

Objetivo: Esta aplicação teórica busca analisar a contribuição do uso de tecnologias e sistemas de produção diferenciados na formação dos resultados da atividade leiteira de três propriedades rurais, que utilizam diferentes sistemas produtivos e estão localizadas na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se para a apuração de custos das três propriedades o método de custeio por absorção e variável, afim de conhecer os respectivos resultados em cada sistema de produção analisado. Metodologia: Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, foram elaboradas, a partir da coleta de dados planilhas de controle financeiro, e com base nestas, apurou-se os indicadores gerenciais de custos de cada propriedade, sendo eles: margem de contribuição, ponto de equilíbrio, margem de segurança operacional, demonstração do resultado e alguns indicadores de investimentos, possibilitando assim a comparação dos resultados na produção tradicional, compost barn e free stall. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que o método compost barn obteve a maior produtividade por matriz, o maior preço médio e o segundo menor custo por litro, e, portanto, o maior lucro médio por litro e por área (hectare) destinado a produção leiteira entre as três propriedades analisadas, sendo seu resultado médio por litro de R$0,27 e por área (hectare) R$ 10.030,52. Em comparação com outros estudos realizados na área, os resultados indicam que a região em pesquisa foi um fator determinante. Contribuições do Estudo: A pesquisa possibilitou aos usuários externos verificar qual método de produção alcançou maior produtividade e lucratividade na região e nas propriedades analisadas. Além disso, para os produtores participantes da pesquisa, permitiu avaliar o retorno da atividade a partir de uma completa apuração de custos, tendo em vista que seus controles antes do desenvolvimento do estudo eram fortemente baseados na intuição ou em experiências anteriores, sem um devido controle e avaliação

Sunlight exposure exerts immunomodulatory effects to reduce multiple sclerosis severity

Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease risk is associated with reduced sunexposure. This study assessed the relationship between measures of sun exposure (vitamin D [vitD], latitude) and MS severity in the setting of two multicenter cohort studies (n(NationMS) = 946, n(BIONAT) = 990). Additionally, effect-modification by medication and photosensitivity-associated MC1R variants was assessed. High serum vitD was associated with a reduced MS severity score (MSSS), reduced risk for relapses, and lower disability accumulation over time. Low latitude was associated with higher vitD, lower MSSS, fewer gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and lower disability accumulation. The association of latitude with disability was lacking in IFN-beta-treated patients. In carriers of MC1R:rs1805008(T), who reported increased sensitivity toward sunlight, lower latitude was associated with higher MRI activity, whereas for noncarriers there was less MRI activity at lower latitudes. In a further exploratory approach, the effect of ultraviolet (UV)-phototherapy on the transcriptome of immune cells of MS patients was assessed using samples from an earlier study. Phototherapy induced a vitD and type I IFN signature that was most apparent in monocytes but that could also be detected in B and T cells. In summary, our study suggests benefidal effects of sun exposure on established MS, as demonstrated by a correlative network between the three factors: Latitude, vitD, and disease severity. However, sun exposure might be detrimental for photosensitive patients. Furthermore, a direct induction of type I IFNs through sun exposure could be another mechanism of UV-mediated immune-modulation in MS