Evaluation of anti-smoking television advertising on tobacco control among urban community population in Chongqing, China

Background China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world. Considering the constantly growing urban proportion, persuasive tobacco control measures are important in urban communities. Television, as one of the most pervasive mass media, can be used for this purpose. Methods The anti-smoking advertisement was carried out in five different time slots per day from 15 May to 15 June in 2011 across 12 channels of Chongqing TV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the main municipal areas of Chongqing. A questionnaire was administered in late June to 1,342 native residents aged 18–45, who were selected via street intercept survey. Results Respondents who recognized the advertisement (32.77 %) were more likely to know or believe that smoking cigarettes caused impotence than those who did not recognize the advertisement (26.11 %). According to 25.5 % of smokers, the anti-smoking TV advertising made them consider quitting smoking. However, females (51.7 %) were less likely to be affected by the advertisement to stop and think about quitting smoking compared to males (65.6 %) (OR = 0.517, 95 % CI [0.281–0.950]). In addition, respondents aged 26–35 years (67.4 %) were more likely to try to persuade others to quit smoking than those aged 18–25 years (36.3 %) (OR = 0.457, 95 % CI [0.215–0.974]). Furthermore, non-smokers (87.4 %) were more likely to find the advertisement relevant than smokers (74.8 %) (OR = 2.34, 95 % CI [1.19–4.61]). Conclusions This study showed that this advertisement did not show significant differences on smoking-related knowledge and attitude between non-smokers who had seen the ad and those who had not. Thus, this form may not be the right tool to facilitate change in non-smokers. The ad should instead be focused on the smoking population. Gender, smoking status, and age influenced the effect of anti-smoking TV advertising on the general population in China

Static Experimental Study on Flame Retardant and Explosion Suppression Performances of Fire Resistant Diesel Fuel

AbstractTo assess the flame retardant and explosion suppression performances of fire resistant diesel fuel, static experiments with ordinary diesel fuel (Diesel fuel 1, D1 for short) and fire resistant diesel fuel (Diesel fuel 2, D2 for short) detonated by explosives were performed in this study. The explosion process and surface temperature of the fireballs were recorded using a high-speed camera and an infrared thermal imager. Meanwhile, the overpressures of the explosion shock waves of the two diesels were also recorded using pressure sensors embedded in the ground. The experimental results show that the diesel fuels are dispersed and ignited to produce explosion fireball when explosive is detonated in fuel tank. At the same time, part of diesel fuel produces pool fire on the ground. The pool fire of D1 lasts about 3000ms, while D2 lasting only about 700ms. The maximum temperature and the duration of high temperature of D1 explosion fireball are 1558.8°C and 1392ms respectively, which are 1.11 and 1.29 times those of D2. In the position of 2 m far from the vertical projection point of the explosion center, the overpressure of the explosion shock wave of D1 is 53.30kPa, while that of D2 is 31.60kPa. Moreover, the overpressures of D1 are also higher in the other location of the pressure area. Therefore, it is proved that the explosive power of D2 is significantly lower than that of D1, and the flame retardant and explosion suppression performances of D2 is better than those of D1

The effect of TrkA signaling pathway on the expressions of TRPC1，TRPC3 in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat treated by electroacupuncture

Objective: We investigate the effect of TrkA signaling pathway on the expressions of transient receptor potential channel in 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) lesioned rat treated by electroacupuncture and to explore the role of trkA signaling pathway and TRP subfamily in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which would reveals the mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) neuroprotective effect. Methods:  The experimental models were established by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the left medial forebrain bundle (MFB).TrkA signaling pathway inhibitor K252a was infected into MFB through two small burr holes in the skull to block trkA signal.The change of TRPC1 and TRPC3 expressions was detected by use of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR as well as TUNEL for cell apoptosis. Results:  The expressions of TRPC1 and TRPC3 in the substantia nigra (SN) of the 6-OHDA lesioned rat were significantly reduced. Compared with PD model group, TRPC1 and TRPC3 expressions were significantly increased in the EA group. There was no statistically significance in TRPC1 and TRPC3 expressions between K252a and PD model groups (P> 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells in SN increased 54.5% in the PD model rats, while positive apoptotic cells were significantly reduced in the EA group. There was no statistically significance in apoptotic cells between K252a and PD model groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:  TRPC1 and TRPC3 expressions downregulated in the SN of the 6-OHDA lesioned rat, which was accompanied by apoptosis increase in the SN. EA treatment could reverse this effect, and trkA signaling pathway inhibitors K252a can attenuate the neuroprotective effect of EA. It suggested that TRPC1 and TRPC3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and certain TRPC subfamily expressions change may be associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Its expression might be subject to trkA signaling pathway, and this signal pathway may be the regulation target for EA neuroprotection.目的 观察trkA信号通路调控对电针处理的6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)损伤大鼠黑质瞬时受体势通道亚族TRPC1、TRPC3表达的影响，探讨trkA信号通路及TRPC1、TRPC3在帕金森病(PD)发病机制中的作用，揭示电针干预发挥神经保护效应的机制。方法 采用6-OHDA偏侧毁损方法建立PD大鼠模型，利用trkA信号通路抑制剂K252a立体定向注入左侧大鼠前脑束阻断trkA信号，用免疫组织化学法和RT-PCR法检测大鼠黑质区TRPC1、TRPC3基因表达的变化，并利用TUNEL检测黑质区细胞的凋亡情况。结果 模型组大鼠黑质区TRPC1和TRPC3基因表达显著减少，电针组大鼠黑质区TRPC1和TRPC3 基因表达较模型组显著增加；K252a组大鼠黑质区TRPC1、TRPC3表达明显减少，与模型组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与电针组比较，模型组大鼠黑质区凋亡阳性细胞数目增加54.5%，电针组凋亡阳性细胞显著减少；而K252a组凋亡阳性细胞数目与模型组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 6-OHDA损伤大鼠黑质区TRPC1、TRPC3基因表达下调，同时黑质区细胞凋亡增加。电针干预能够逆转这一变化，trkA信号通路抑制剂K252a能削弱电针的神经保护作用。TRPC某些亚族基因如TRPC1、TRPC3可能在PD的发病中扮演重要角色。TRPC1、TRPC3的表达可能受trkA信号通路的调控，该信号通路可能是电针治疗PD发挥神经保护作用的重要调节靶点

Management of intractable epistaxis in patients who received radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

To report clinical manifestations, bleeding point localization, and outcomes of management in 16 patients with 16 instances of intractable epistaxis after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Retrospective chart review of 16 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mean age 52.06 ± 14.37 years) with 16 instances of intractable epistaxis during the past 5 years, whose diagnosis was confirmed by angiography (n = 10) or MRI/CT imaging studies and clinical manifestations (n = 6). The mean radiation dose to the affected carotid artery was 101.37 ± 34.85 Gy. Bleeding points were detected in the internal carotid artery (n = 8) or external carotid artery (n = 8). Detachable balloons were used in one affected artery for vascular occlusion; six were treated using an absorbable gelatin sponge (n = 4) or microcoils (diameter 1 mm) (n = 2). Endovascular embolization was successful in seven radiation carotid blowout syndromes with cessation of hemorrhage. One patient underwent external carotid artery ligation and one patient recovered without treatment. The clinical follow-up was 3 months. Therapeutic endovascular embolization of intractable epistaxis is both efficient and safe. It should be considered as the primary treatment modality in intractable epistaxis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Comparison of endostatin(endostar)and avastin's inhibition effect on mice choroidal neovascularization

AIM:To observe the inhibition effect of endostatin(endostar)on mice choroidal neovascularization model(CNV)and compare with the Avastin.<p>METHODS: Using 532nm laser photocoagulation to establish a mouse model of CNV. We observed the formation of CNV by histopathological examination after 2wk later. Forty successful models of mice were randomly divided into control group(group 1, 10 rats), normal saline group(group 2, 10 rats), endostatin group(group 3, 10 rats)and avastin group(group 4, 10 rats). The drugs were injected into the mice' vitreous after photocoagulation 2wk later. Then 1wk later, we took the mice eyeballs to perform the HE and immunohistochemical staining to observe. The statistical analysis of ANOVA was done by SPSS 16.0 and the LSD-<i>t</i> test was used for multiple samples, taking <i>P</i><0.05 as the test standards.<p>RESULTS: Two weeks later, HE histopathological examination was done, light microscope showed large amount of new vessels' formation, the positive rate for CNV was 72.8%. The blank control group compared with the normal saline group <i>P</i>>0.05, had no inhibitory effect on CNV; endostatin treated group compared with control group, <i>P</i><0.05, had a certain inhibitory effect; avastin group compared with the control group, <i>P</i><0.05, had an inhibitory effect on CNV; the LSD-<i>t</i> was performed on Avastin group and endostatin group, <i>P</i><0.05, which were statistically significant. We thought that the two drugs have different inhibitory effect on mice' CNV, because <i>(-overx)</i>_Avastin=26.90,<i>(-overx)</i>_endostatin=29.13,<i>(-overx)</i>_Avastin<<i>(-overx)</i>_endostatin, we can infer that endostar had lower inhibitory effect on mice CNV than Avastin.<p>CONCLUSION: Laser-induced CNV animal models of colored mice C57BL/6J is of short time and high rate establishment and it is an ideal model for CNV study. Endostar has certain inhibitory effect on CNV, and it is likely to become one of the important drugs for CNV-related diseases in the future

Tris(2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3)(terephthalato-κO)zinc(II)

The title compound, [Zn(C8H4O4)(C5H8N2)3], has a neutral monomeric structure in which one terephthalate dianion and three 2-ethyl-1H-imidazole ligands coordinate to the ZnII ion in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The methyl group of one of the ethyl groups is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.66 (2) and 0.34 (2). In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network by inter­molecular N—H⋯O interactions involving the uncoordinated carboxyl­ate O atoms

Experimental study of THGEM detector with mini-rim

The gas gain and energy resolution of single and double THGEM detectors (5{\times}5cm2 effective area) with mini-rims (rim is less than 10{\mu}m) were studied. The maximum gain can reach 5{\times}103 and 2{\times}105 for single and double THGEM respectively, while the energy resolution of 5.9 keV X-ray varied from 18% to 28% for both single and double THGEM detectors of different hole sizes and thicknesses.All the experiments were investigated in mixture of noble gases(argon,neon) and small content of other gases(iso-butane,methane) at atmospheric pressure.Comment: 4pages,6figures, it has been submitted to Chinese Physics

Assessing the concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in China's main deciduous fruits

AbstractTo assess levels of contamination and human health risk, we analyzed the concentrations of the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in China's main deciduous fruits — apple, pear, peach, grape, and jujube. The concentration order of the heavy metals was Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. In 97.5% of the samples, heavy metal concentrations were within the maximum permissible limits. Among the fruits studied, the heavy metal concentrations in jujube and peach proved to be the highest, and those in grape proved to be the lowest. Only 2.2% of the samples were polluted by Ni, only 0.4% of the samples were polluted by Pb, and no samples were polluted by Cd or Cr. Compared with the other fruits, the combined heavy metal pollution was significantly higher (P<0.05) in peach and significantly lower (P<0.05) in grape. For the combined heavy metal pollution, 96.9% of the samples were at safe level, 2.32% at warning level, 0.65% at light level, and 0.13% at moderate level. In the fruits studied, the contribution of heavy metals to the daily intake rates (DIR) followed the order of Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The highest DIR came from apple, while the lowest DIR came from grape. For each of the heavy metals, the total DIR from five studied fruits corresponded to no more than 1.1% of the tolerable daily intake, indicating that no significant adverse health effects are expected from the heavy metals and the fruits studied. The target hazard quotients and the total target hazard quotients demonstrated that none of the analyzed heavy metals may pose risk to consumers through the fruits studied. The highest risk was posed by apple, followed in decreasing order by peach and pear, jujube, and grape. We suggest that the main deciduous fruits (apple, pear, peach, grape, and jujube) of China's main producing areas are safe to eat

Anisotropic Magnetotransport and Exotic Longitudinal Linear Magnetoresistance in WTe2 Crystals

WTe2 semimetal, as a typical layered transition-metal dichalcogenide, has recently attracted much attention due to the extremely large, non-saturating parabolic magnetoresistance in perpendicular field. Here, we report a systematic study of the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance in WTe2 single crystal. The violation of the Kohler rule and a significant anisotropic magnetotransport behavior in different magnetic field directions are observed. Surprisingly, when the applied field is parallel to the tungsten chains of WTe2, an exotic large longitudinal linear magnetoresistance as high as 1200% at 15 T and 2 K is identified. Violation of the Kohler rule in transverse magnetoresistance can be understood based on a dual effect of the excitons formation and thermal activation, while large longitudinal linear magnetoresistance reflects perfectly the scattering and nesting of quasi-1D nature of this balanced hole-electron system. Our work will stimulate studies of such double-carrier correlated material and corresponding quantum physics