On the section conjecture of Grothendieck

For a given arithmetic scheme, in this paper we will introduce and discuss the monodromy action on a universal cover of the \'etale fundamental group and the monodromy action on an \emph{sp}-completion constructed by the graph functor, respectively; then by these results we will give a proof of the section conjecture of Grothendieck for arithmetic schemes.Comment: 22 pages. Made Changes in Page 4, Def 2.3; Page 5, "essential equal". Deleted Page 6, footnote. Removed Typos: "integral scheme" changed into "integral variety (-ies)" in Remark 5.8, Theorem 5.9, Lemma 5.10, and Page 15, section

The Specializations in a Scheme

In this paper we will obtain some further properties for specializations in a scheme. Using these results, we will take a picture for a scheme and a picture for a morphism of schemes. In particular, we will prove that every morphism of schemes is specialization-preserving and of norm not greater than one (under some condition); a necessary and sufficient condition will be given for an injective morphism of irreducible schemes.Comment: Revised. 14 page

On the etale fundamental groups of arithmetic schemes

In this paper we will give the computation of the etale fundamental group of an arithmetic scheme.Comment: 11 pages. Made changes in: Section 1.1, Page 2; Section 2.2, Page 3; Section 2.3, Page

Affine Structures on a Ringed Space and Schemes

In this paper we will first introduce the notion of affine structures on a ringed space and then obtain several properties. Affine structures on a ringed space, arising mainly from complex analytical spaces of algebraic schemes over number fields, behave like differential structures on a smooth manifold. As one does for differential manifolds, we will use pseudogroups of affine transformations to define affine atlases on a ringed space. An atlas on a space is said to be an affine structure if it is maximal. An affine structure is admissible if there is a sheaf on the underlying space such that they are coincide on all affine charts, which are in deed affine open sets of a scheme. In a rigour manner, a scheme is defined to be a ringed space with a specified affine structure if the affine structures are in action in some special cases such as analytical spaces of algebraic schemes. Particularly, by the whole of affine structures on a space, we will obtain respectively necessary and sufficient conditions that two spaces are homeomorphic and that two schemes are isomorphic, which are the two main theorems of the paper. It follows that the whole of affine structures on a space and a scheme, as local data, encode and reflect the global properties of the space and the scheme, respectively.Comment: Final version. 22 pages. to appear in Chinese Ann of Math, Series

On the transcendental Galois extensions

In this paper the transcendental Galois extensions of a field will be introduced as counterparts to algebraic Galois ones. There exist several types of transcendental Galois extensions of a given field, from the weakest one to the strongest one, such as Galois, tame Galois, strong Galois, and absolute Galois. The four Galois extensions are distinct from each other in general but coincide with each other for cases of algebraic extensions. The transcendental Galois extensions arise from higher relative dimensional Galois covers of arithmetic schemes. In the paper we will obtain several properties of Galois extensions in virtue of conjugation and quasi-galois and will draw a comparison between the Galois extensions. Strong Galois is more accessible. It will be proved that a purely transcendental extension is strong Galois.Comment: 13 pages. Revised versio

Notes on the section conjecture of Grothendieck

In this short note, we will give the key point of the section conjecture of Grothendieck, that is reformulated by monodromy actions. Here, we will also give the result of the section conjecture for algebraic schemes over a number field.Comment: 5 page

On the unramified extension of an arithmetic function field in several variables

In this paper we will give a scheme-theoretic discussion on the unramified extensions of an arithmetic function field in several variables. The notion of unramified discussed here is parallel to that in algebraic number theory and for the case of classical varieties, coincides with that in Lang's theory of unramified class fields of a function field in several variables. It is twofold for us to introduce the notion of unramified. One is for the computation of the \'{e}tale fundamental group of an arithmetic scheme; the other is for an ideal-theoretic theory of unramified class fields over an arithmetic function field in several variables. Fortunately, in the paper we will also have operations on unramified extensions such as base changes, composites, subfields, transitivity, etc. It will be proved that a purely transcendental extension over the rational field has a trivial unramified extension. As an application, it will be seen that the affine scheme of a ring over the ring of integers in several variables has a trivial \'{e}tale fundamental group.Comment: 13 page

On the arithmetic fundamental groups

In this paper we will define a qc fundamental group for an arithmetic scheme by quasi-galois closed covers. Then we will give a computation for such a group and will prove that the etale fundamental group of an arithmetic scheme is a normal subgroup in our qc fundamental group, which make up the main theorem of the paper. Hence, our group gives us a prior estimate of the etale fundamental group. The quotient group reflects the topological properties of the scheme.Comment: 14 pages. Made changes in: convention 1.1; section 1.2; Definition 1.1; Remark 1.

On the existence of geometric models for function fields in several variables

In this paper we will give an explicit construction of the geometric model for a prescribed extension of a function field in several variables over a number field. As a by-product, we will also prove the existence of quasi-galois closed covers of arithmetic schemes (in eprint arXiv:0907.0842).Comment: 9 pages. Made changes in: Section 2.1, Page 3; Section 3.1, Page

On the \'etale fundamental groups of arithmetic schemes, revised

In this paper we will give a computation of the \'{e}tale fundamental group of an integral arithmetic scheme. For such a scheme, we will prove that the \'{e}tale fundamental group is naturally isomorphic to the Galois group of the maximal formally unramified extension over the function field. It consists of the main theorem of the paper. Here, formally unramified will be proved to be arithmetically unramified which is defined in an evident manner and coincides with that in algebraic number theory. Hence, formally unramified has an arithmetic sense. At the same time, such a computation coincides with the known result for a normal noetherian scheme.Comment: Revised. 23 page