9 research outputs found

    Évaluation de l’impact du rejet des dĂ©chets phosphates dans la mer sur la biodiversitĂ© marine dans trois localitĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres au Togo Ă  partir des biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif chez Sphyraena barracuda (HECKEL, 1843)

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    La pollution due aux rejets des déchets phosphatés à Kpémé par la Société Nouvelle des Phosphates du Togo (SNPT), concerne aussi les zones environnantes. Nous avons voulu dans ce travail déterminer l’impact de cette pollution dans ces zones sur la biodiversité marine. Les teneurs en métaux lourds toxiques (Cd et Pb) dans les organes de poissons à Gbodjomé (zone de référence), Agbodrafo, Goumoukopé et Aného sont déterminées par spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique à la flamme ; de même que certains biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats ont montré une altération des enzymes antioxydantes, du système de la glutathion et une induction de la peroxydation lipidique due à la présence du Cd et du Pb qui provoquent un stress oxydatif chez les poissons, et donc chez les espèces de la biodiversité marine de la côte togolaise des zones concernées. Les résultats de la présente étude indiquent que les zones environnantes sont touchées par le rejet des déchets à Kpémé et les impacts sur la biodiversité marine diminuent au fur et à mesure qu’on s’éloigne des sites de rejets vers l’aval à cause du sens d’écoulement de la mer. Aussi, peut-on déduire que les biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif sont des indicateurs de la pollution aquatique.Mots clés: Déchets phosphatés, pollution, Cd, Pb, bioaccumulatio

    Induction du stress oxydatif chez l’homme suite Ă  la bioconcentration des Ă©lĂ©ments traces mĂ©talliques (cadmium et plomb) par voie trophique Ă  KpĂ©mĂ© (Sud du Togo)

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    La pollution due aux rejets des déchets phosphatés à Kpémé par l’usine de la SNPT au Togo, provoque la bioaccumulation du Cd et du Pb par les produits de mer et agricoles consommés par l’homme qui est ainsi contaminé. Nous avons voulu par cette étude déterminer l’impact de la bioaccumulation du Cd et du Pb sur le stress oxydatif dans cette zone, chez l’homme. Les teneurs en métaux lourds toxiques (Cd et Pb) sont déterminées dans le sang humain à Gbodjomé (zone de référence) et à Kpémé où les populations consomment des aliments contaminés, par spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique à l’électrothermie; de même que certains biomarqueurs (MDA et FRAP) du stress oxydatif. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats ont montré une peroxydation lipidique et une baisse du potentiel total antioxydant du plasma sanguin à cause de la présence du Cd et du Pb, qui provoquent un stress oxydatif dans l’organisme humain qui présente une disponibilité à la bioaccumulation de ces métaux à Kpémé. Les biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif chez l’homme peuvent être donc des indicateurs de l’exposition des sujets aux éléments traces métalliques dans les zones de pollution environnementale.Mots clés: SNPT, bioaccumulation, sang humain, MDA, FRA

    Qualite des soins du site operatoire en chirurgie orthopedique et traumatologique au chu Sylvanus Olympio (so)

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    Objectif : cette Ă©tude avait pour objectif de dĂ©crire les diffĂ©rentes pratiques en matiĂšre de soins du site opĂ©ratoire dans le service de traumatologie-orthopĂ©die afin d’en amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ©.Patients et mĂ©thodes : C’était une Ă©tude transversale descriptive ayant portĂ©e sur des patients opĂ©rĂ©s dans le service de chirurgie traumatologique et orthopĂ©dique du CHU SO du 1er janvier au 30 juin 2013. Les variables analysĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© celles relatives aux donnĂ©es dĂ©mographiques, aux antĂ©cĂ©dents des patients et aux paramĂštres liĂ©s aux soins prĂ©, per et postopĂ©ratoires.RĂ©sultats : L’étude a concernĂ© 37 patients dont 27 Ă©taient de sexe masculin soit une sexratio M/F de 2,7. Avant l’admission des patients en salle d’opĂ©ration, le site Ă  opĂ©rern’est pas prĂ©parĂ© la veille. Au bloc opĂ©ratoire, les ostĂ©osynthĂšses de fĂ©mur avec 24,3% et du tibia, 13,5% ont Ă©tĂ© les interventions les plus frĂ©quemment rĂ©alisĂ©es et ont majoritairement durĂ© au moins une heure trente minutes ; la ceftriaxone Ă  raison de 2g, a étĂ© utilisĂ©e en prophylaxie ; le drainage et le lavage de la plaie opĂ©ratoire en fin d’intervention n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© systĂ©matiques mais variaient selon les opĂ©rateurs et le type de chirurgie pratiquĂ© ; les compresses majoritairement utilisĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© de petit format (40 cm x 40 cm). En salle d’hospitalisation, seuls les soins mĂ©dicamenteux ont Ă©tĂ© plus ou moins systĂ©matisĂ©s ; le reste des pratiques Ă©tait variable selon les consignes donnĂ©es par chaque opĂ©rateur.Conclusion : La pratique des soins du site opĂ©ratoire dans le service de traumatologie orthopĂ©die du CHU Sylvanus Olympio n’est pas systĂ©matisĂ©e. Cependant, les patients s’en sortent avec des suites opĂ©ratoires simples. Toutefois, la petite taille de l’échantillon et la courte durĂ©e de l’étude, ne permettant pas d’analyser avec objectivité l’issue des gestes chirurgicaux effectuĂ©s. Il est nĂ©cessaire que la pratique des soins s’amĂ©liore par la mise sur pied et le respect des protocoles uniformes et la formation continue du personnel.Mots clĂ©s : soins, site opĂ©ratoire, Togo.ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to describe the different practices about the surgical site care in orthopaedics department to improve quality.Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study focused on patients having surgery in Trauma and Orthopaedic department of SO teaching hospital from 1st January to 30th June 2013. The variables analyzed were those related to demographics, patient’s histories and parameters related to the period before, during and after operation.Results: The study included 37 patients of which 27 were male with a sex ratio M / F of 2.7. Before the admission of patients in the operating room, the site for operation was not prepared the day before. In the operating room, the femur osteosynthesis with 24.3% and tibia, 13.5% were the most frequently performed operations and mostly lasted at least one hour thirty minutes; ceftriaxone at a rate of 2g was used in prophylaxis; drainage and wound washing at the end of the procedure were not systematic but varied among operators and the type of surgery performed; the compresses used predominantly were a small size (40 cm x 40 cm). In hospitalization room, only medication treatment was more or less systematized; the remaining practices were variable according to instructions given by each operator.Conclusion: The practice of surgical site care in orthopaedic trauma unit of SO teaching hospital is not systematic. However, patients will come away with an uneventful postoperative course. However, the small sample size and short duration of the study didn’t allowed objective analysis of the outcome of surgical procedures performed; it is necessary to improve care practice by the establishment and respect uniform protocols and continuing program of staff education.Keywords: care, surgical site, Togo

    Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires mineures dans la prefecture de Dankpen (Togo)

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    Ethnobotanic survey was carried in eleven localities (10 villages and Guerin-Kouka town) in Dankpen district (Bassar) on minor food plants threatened of disappearance. 67 minor food plants identified weresharing up in 16 families. Dioscoreaceae (16 local varieties), Poaceae (16 local varieties) and Fabaceae (15 local varieties) are the most significant families with crop plants (83.58%) and spontaneous woodyplants (16.42%). Unequal partition of plants are distinguish in Possao (68.65%), Kloukpon (62.68%), Nandouta (41.79%) and Kpabol (32.83) villages. Men and women are concerned on plants managementand plants transformation or produce sale is the work of women. Ecological and economic factors explain low fuel consumption of minor food plants. Under consumption is related to the changes of food practices which become less authentic in rural and urban localities. Consciousness-raising campaign on minor food plants nutritional values and management is necessary in district of Dankpen or in Togo

    Tap water is one of the drivers that establish and assembly the lactic acid bacterium biota during sourdough preparation

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    This study aimed at assessing the effect of tap water on the: (i) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population of a traditional and mature sourdough; and (ii) establishment of LAB community during sourdough preparation. Ten tap water, collected from Italian regions characterized by cultural heritage in leavened baked goods, were used as ingredient for propagating or preparing firm (type I) sourdoughs. The same type and batch of flour, recipe, fermentation temperature and time were used for propagation/preparation, being water the only variable parameter. During nine days of propagation of a traditional and mature Apulian sourdough, LAB cell density did not differ, and the LAB species/strain composition hardly changed, regardless of the water. When the different tap water were used for preparing the corresponding sourdoughs, the values of pH became lower than 4.5 after two to four fermentations. The type of water affected the assembly of the LAB biome. As shown by Principal Components Analysis, LAB population in the sourdoughs and chemical and microbiological features of water used for their preparation partly overlapped. Several correlations were found between sourdough microbiota and water features. These data open the way to future researches about the use of various types of water in bakery industry

    Completeness of malaria indicator data reporting via the District Health Information Software 2 in Kenya, 2011–2015

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    BackgroundHealth facility-based data reported through routine health information systems form the primary data source for programmatic monitoring and evaluation in most developing countries. The adoption of District Health Information Software (DHIS2) has contributed to improved availability of routine health facility-based data in many low-income countries. An assessment of malaria indicators data reported by health facilities in Kenya during the first 5 years of implementation of DHIS2, from January 2011 to December 2015, was conducted. Methods Data on 19 malaria indicators reported monthly by health facilities were extracted from the online Kenya DHIS2 database. Completeness of reporting was analysed for each of the 19 malaria indicators and expressed as the percentage of data values actually reported over the expected number; all health facilities were expected to report data for each indicator for all 12 months in a year. Results Malaria indicators data were analysed for 6235 public and 3143 private health facilities. Between 2011 and 2015, completeness of reporting in the public sector increased significantly for confirmed malaria cases across all age categories (26.5andndash;41.9%, p andlt; 0.0001, in children aged andlt;5 years; 30.6andndash;51.4%, p andlt; 0.0001, in persons aged andge;5 years). Completeness of reporting of new antenatal care (ANC) clients increased from 53.7 to 70.5%, p andlt; 0.0001). Completeness of reporting of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) decreased from 64.8 to 53.7%, p andlt; 0.0001 for dose 1 and from 64.6 to 53.4%, p andlt; 0.0001 for dose 2. Data on malaria tests performed and test results were not available in DHIS2 from 2011 to 2014. In 2015, sparse data on microscopy (11.5% for children aged andlt;5 years; 11.8% for persons aged andge;5 years) and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (8.1% for all ages) were reported. In the private sector, completeness of reporting increased significantly for confirmed malaria cases across all age categories (16.7andndash;23.1%, p andlt; 0.0001, in children aged andlt;5 years; 19.4andndash;28.6%, p andlt; 0.0001, in persons aged andge;5 years). Completeness of reporting also improved for new ANC clients (16.2andndash;23.6%, p andlt; 0.0001), and for IPTp doses 1 and 2 (16.6andndash;20.2%, p andlt; 0.0001 and 15.5andndash;20.5%, p andlt; 0.0001, respectively). In 2015, less than 3% of data values for malaria tests performed were reported in DHIS2 from the private sector. Conclusions There have been sustained improvements in the completeness of data reported for most key malaria indicators since the adoption of DHIS2 in Kenya in 2011. However, major data gaps were identified for the malaria-test indicator and overall low reporting across all indicators from private health facilities. A package of proven DHIS2 implementation interventions and performance-based incentives should be considered to improve private-sector data reporting.</p
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