Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC is a kind of fuel cell using methanol as a fuel for electric producing. Methanol is low cost chemical substance and it is less harmful than that of hydrogen fuel. From these reasons it can be commercial product. The electrocatalytic reaction of methanol fuel uses Pt-Ru metals as the most efficient catalyst. In addition, the property of membrane and system designation are also effect to the fuel cell efficient. Because of low power of methanol fuel cell therefore, direct methanol fuel cell is proper to use for the energy source of small electrical devices and vehicles etc

The application of ECL reaction of Ru(bpy)32+

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, DSSC

A dye sensitized solar cell is a new type of solar cell. The operating system of this solar cell type is similar to plant’s photosynthesis process. The sensitizer is available for absorption light and transfer electrons to nanocrystalline metal oxide semiconductor. The ruthenium(II) complexes with polypyridyl ligands are usually used as the sensitizers in solar cell. At the present time, the complex of [Ru(2,2',2'’-(COOH)3- terpy)(NCS)3] is the most efficient sensitizer. The total photon to current conversion efficiency was approximately 10% at AM = 1.5

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of violanthrone in dimethyl sulfoxide

Violanthrone is an anthraquinone vat dye, which is resistant to photochemical damage. Most previous work has concentrated on its chemiluminescence properties. In this report, electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of violanthrone has been investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.1M of tetraethylammonium bromide as electrolyte. Violanthrone luminesces in the potential range between 0.0V and -4:0 V. At the sweep rate 1000 mV/s, the intensity of the violanthrone ECL is about 2% of that of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) ion under the same conditions. It was found that bromine was also produced during the ex- periment, leading to the conclusion that the luminescence arises from the reaction between radical anion of violanthrone and molecular bromine. The mechanism is discussed in detail

ZnO/Cassava Starch‐Based Hydrogel Composite for Effective Treatment of Dye‐Contaminated Wastewater

Abstract Industrial expansion has increased the discharge of contaminated wastewater. Wastewater can be treated by adsorption with petroleum‐based hydrogels but the materials are not biodegradable and therefore cause secondary toxic waste. In this work, hydrogel composites are prepared based on non‐biodegradable polyacrylamide and biodegradable materials of cassava starch (CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of CS content on the porous structure is studied. The highest water absorption capacity of 74 g g−1 is obtained from a hydrogel 30 wt% of CS. Within 4 h, the hydrogel effectively adsorbs the cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet, and the anionic dyes congo red and reactive orange. The maximum adsorption capacity toward MB is 993 mg g−1. Experimental data indicate a monolayer adsorption via chemisorption. Silica‐coated ZnO photocatalyst particles are synthesized via a sol–gel method and coated on the outer surface of the hydrogel. Under sunlight, the hydrogel composite degrades almost 90% of adsorbed dye. The hydrogel composite is capable of effective photodegradation for at least three cycles under artificial UV irradiation and four cycles under sunlight, but adsorption capacity remains higher than 80% at the eighth cycle. The hydrogel composite also shows antibacterial activities, indicating an additional beneficial property for industrial wastewater treatment

Phases transformations and magnetic properties in the Fe-Co-Sb ternary system

La transformation de phase des alliages ternaires dans le système ternaire de Fe-Co-Sb est propriétés magnétiques de ces alliages ont été étudiées. Une solution solide existe dans tous le domaine CoSb - Fe0.56Sb0.44 par substitution aux sites 2a et l occupation des sites 2d par les ions Fe excédentaires ce qui stabilise la structure non stoechiomètrique. La substitution de Co par Fe dans la skutterudite CoSb3 (D02) est limitée à Fe = 5 at.%. Entre CoSb et Fe0.56Sb0.44, les alliages sont un comportement de spin-glass et spin-glass re-entrant. Pour 0 < x < 0.2, les composes Co1-xFexSb3 montrent un comportement comme semiconducteur semimagnétiques. Les ions Fe3+, en configuration bas-spin sont couplés par une interaction d échanger entre plus proche voisin antiferromagnétique | J | /kB ~20.5 KPhase transformation in some vertical sections and magnetic properties of ternary alloys in Fe-Co-Sb ternary system has studied. The solid solution is formed between CoSb and Fe0.56Sb0.44 by substituting atoms at 2a and occupying voids at 2d sites which stabilizes the non-stoichiometric structure. Fe = 5 at.% is the limit of solid solution of D02 phase. The magnetic properties of samples between CoSb and Fe0.56Sb0.44 show spin-glass and reentrant spin-glass behavior. Co1-xFexSb3 for 0 < x < 0.2 shows the semimagnetic semiconductor in which the Fe3+ ions in a low-spin state are coupled by an antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange interaction | J | /kB ~ 20.5 KMONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dependence of defect concentration, optical and photocatalytic properties of β-Ni(OH)2/ZnO and NiO/ZnO composite powders on phase transformation

β-Ni(OH)2/ZnO composite powders were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 15 h whereas NiO/ZnO composite powders formed after the as-prepared powders were calcined at 800 °C for 1 h in air. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to characterize the phase, particle shape as well as size and optical properties, respectively. In this system, it was found that ZnO is a major phase while β-Ni(OH)2 and NiO are a minor phases. The altered particle shape of ZnO was influenced by addition of Ni(CH3COO)2·6H2O whereas the particle shape of the minor phase was changed due to the calcination process. The optical band gap decreased when the amount of minor phase increased. For photocatalytic study, it was found that 6 mol% β-Ni(OH)2/ZnO composite powders exhibited the best decolorization of methylene blue aqueous solution

Photocatalytic degradation of dye by Ag/ZnO prepared by reduction of Tollen’s reagent and the ecotoxicity of degraded products

A heterostructure of Ag/ZnO powder was prepared by a reduction of Ag(NH3) 2 + ions in a basic solution or Tollen’s reagent. From this method, the existence of a metallic Ag coating on the ZnO surface was confirmed by transmission electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag/ZnO powders was investigated by analyzing the degradation of an aqueous methylene blue solution under a blacklight irradiation. Furthermore, the parameters, including Ag content, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration and pH, were also studied. After the methylene blue solution was irradiated for 30min under a blacklight illumination, total mineralization was not observed as the presence of some carbon compound species was indicated in a mass spectrum. Furthermore, the toxicity of the treated methylene blue solution produced by the Ag/ZnO powders was also investigated by a test for the inhibition of the growth of Chlorella vulgaris