Confluence of the right internal iliac vein into a compressed left common iliac vein

The authors describe the abnormal confluence of the right internal iliac vein into a left common iliac vein compressed by the overlying right common iliac artery. The prevalence of this combination of abnormalities, evaluated in cadavers and in living subjects by CT, was 0.9%. The possible obstacle to venous pelvic return by these anomalies is pointed out

Defining and Evaluating a Decision Support System (DSS) for the Precise Pest Management of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata, at the Farm Level

A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed and evaluated to control the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedermann), by incorporating a semi-automatic pest monitoring and a precision targeting approach in multi-varietal orchards. The DSS consists of three algorithms. DSS1, based on the degree days calculation, defines when the traps should be deployed in the field initiating the medfly population monitoring. DSS2 defines the areas to be treated and the type of treatment based on the number of adult medfly captures, harvesting time, and phenological stage of the host cultivar. DSS3 defines the spraying procedure considering the technical registration properties of the selected insecticide (e.g., withholding period and efficacy duration time) and weather conditions. The DSS was tested in commercial orchard conditions near Rome, central Italy, with a randomized complete blocks experimental design, comparing DSS-assisted and conventional management. In the DSS-assisted plots, a semi-automatic adult medfly monitoring system was deployed, composed of real-time, wireless electronic traps. The output of the functioning DSS is a map of spraying recommendation, reporting the areas to be treated and the treatment type (bait or cover insecticide spraying). The farmer was left free to follow, or not, the DSS indications. The first medfly captures were observed on June 30, whereas the DD threshold was reached on July 3 when the DSS started to operate. The field test produced 29 DSS decisions from July 3 to September 1 and confirmed that medfly management using the DSS substantially reduced the number of pesticide applications, the treated area, and the volumes of pesticide utilization. No significant differences in infested fruit were observed between DSS-assisted and conventional management. The level of acceptance of the DSS by the farmer was 78%. This evidence confirmed the requirement of fully involving farmers and pest managers during the evaluation process of DSS

Plantar lymphatic network

Abstract: Anatomicaldescriptions of the lymphatic system of the foot are still imprecise. In the present report we aim to elucidate theanatomical substrate of the plantar lymphatic network in order to improve thecurrent clinical practice on the foot. For the study 25 human cadaveric and 8 fetuses to term lower limbs wereemployed. All cadavers were subjected to injections procedures, formalized,immersed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide and finally dissected. On 6 of thefetal samples, the diaphanization Spatelholz technique was followed. The superficial lymphatic network of the soleis morphologically divided into three plexuses: anterior, medium and posterior,with the medium differing from the rest. The anterior plexus presents lymphaticvessels forming scarce polygonal figures of considerable size which convergetowards the medial edge constituting ascending trunks. The middle plexus ischaracterized by the presence of transversal interconnected trunks, whichextend from one edge to the other of the sole. The posterior plexus presentedpolygonal figures of smaller size and greater number than the anterior plexusand also forms ascending trunks that are directed to the dorsal surface of thefoot. These observations evidenced thatthe plantar lymphatic network display important differences among the caliberof the lymphatic vessels as well as in the communication and morphologicalshape of their plexus. A comparative distribution and organization between thelymphatic and the venous networks is offered

Chylous cyst-venous shunt for the management of central conducting lymphatic anomaly

We present the case of a 45-year-old man who had presented with ubiquitous chylous reflux that manifested as a bilateral inguinal chylous cutaneous fistula and a voluminous right cervical chylous cyst. He had difficulty breathing owing to compression of the airway. Anastomosis of the chylous cyst wall with the external jugular vein was performed using a valvular vein segment to prevent blood reflux. Postoperatively, anticoagulant therapy was initiated. We found this derivative surgical procedure to be an effective and minimally invasive technique for complex lymphatic anomalies

Anatomical variations of the thoracic duct : a preliminary report in adult and fetal specimens

Abstract: The study aim is to evaluate anatomical variations of the thoracic duct using a specialized sequential injection procedure. The different types, frequencies, and anatomical topography were recorded and evaluated using 12 adult and 16 fetus specimens. By employing a perfusion pump device, cadavers were sequentially perfused with acrylic colored latex first through the internal marginal vein, then the thoracic duct at the interazygous-aortic recess, and finally through the posterior tibial artery. After perfusion, thoracic ducts were identified, partially dissected, and cadavers fixed by soaking in an aqueous solution of 5% formalin (v/v). Finally, further dissection and detailed photography were performed. Plexus shapes at different levels were clearly evident in 80% of the adult specimens. Whereas the presence of the cisterna chyli was detected in 100% of fetuses as an ampule dilatation at the beginning of the thoracic duct, in only one adult specimen was a dilatation found at the lumbar lymphatic trunk level. Functionally it is not known whether these modified anatomical features (plexus shapes) have served to compensate (as a derivative pathway) for lymphatic hypertension in life as a reflection of lymphatic system challenges and subsequent growth in the adult specimens

Quantum particles in a moving potential

We study the behavior of a quantum particle, trapped in localized potential, when the trapping potential starts suddenly to move with constant velocity. In one dimension we have reproduced the results obtained by (Granot and Marchewka 2009 EPL 86 20007), for an attractive delta function, using an approach based on a spectral decomposition, rather than on the propagator. We have also considered the cases of Pöschl-Teller and simple harmonic oscillator potentials (in one dimension) and to the hydrogen atom (in three dimensions). In this last case we have calculated explicitly the leading contribution to the ionization probability for the hydrogen atom due to a sudden movement.Fil: Ahumada Centeno, Miguel. Universidad de Colima. Facultad de Ciencias; MéxicoFil: Amore, Paolo. Universidad de Colima. Facultad de Ciencias. Centro Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas; MéxicoFil: Fernández, Francisco Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Manzanares Martinez, Jesus. Universidad de Sonora; Méxic

Anatomical variations of the thoracic duct: a preliminary report in adults and fetal specimens

The study aim is to evaluate anatomical variations of the thoracic duct using a specialized sequential injection procedure. The different types, frequencies, and anatomical topography were recorded and evaluated using 12 adult and 16 fetus specimens. By employing a perfusion pump device, cadavers were sequentially perfused with acrylic colored latex first through the internal marginal vein, then the thoracic duct at the interazygous-aortic recess, and finally through the posterior tibial artery. After perfusion, thoracic ducts were identified, partially dissected, and cadavers fixed by soaking in an aqueous solution of 5% formalin (v/v). Finally, further dissection and detailed photography were performed. Plexus shapes at different levels were clearly evident in 80% of the adult specimens. Whereas the presence of the cisterna chyli was detected in 100% of fetuses as an ampule dilatation at the beginning of the thoracic duct, in only one adult specimen was a dilatation found at the lumbar lymphatic trunk level. Functionally it is not known whether these modified anatomical features (plexus shapes) have served to compensate (as a derivative pathway) for lymphatic hypertension in life as a reflection of lymphatic system challenges and subsequent growth in the adult specimens.Fil: Amore, Miguel A.. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Bernárdez, R.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Enríquez, R.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Granja, S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Romeo, Horacio Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin