Challenges of Practical Implementation of Internet of Things in Agriculture

The present study considered the internet of things major work in agriculture grassland. The initiation of Internet brought a new viewpoint to all the businesses. The conventional models were refurbished and enhanced for large-scale adoption. Advancements in technology lead to the Internet of things, which is an extension of the network of computers to the network of smart devices.In this study the awareness of Internet of Things (IoT) in the field of agriculture. IoT is a revolutionary technology that represents the future of computing and communications. It provides a complete review of its framework, considerations and implications in implementation. The paper intends to brief the reader about the IoT technology and its operational requirements in agricultural practices.The major need of IOT in agriculture is that the world population is set to touch 9.6 billion by 2050. So, to feed this much population, the farming industry must embrace IoT. Against the challenges such as extreme weather conditions and rising climate change, and environmental impact resulting from intensive farming practices, the demand for more food has to be met.The working of Agriculture IoT is discussed along with some real-world examples. The use of IoT in the fields and orchards will help the farmers reap the benefits of its various technologies.The major scope of our research is IOT in agriculture is highly recommended and is very effective when looking into the long term benefits like good production and automation. When agriculture is integrated with IOT the data collected in the process will be highly efficient in making more progress towards the improvement of this field which can save many from financial troubles. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Agriculture IoT, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Smart Agriculture, Implementation, Cloud Computing, Big Data, FarmBot DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/9-7-02 Publication date: December 31st 201

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Renal Stones and Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a common cause of renal stones and nephrocalcinosis in children. Distal RTA can be either acquired or congenital because of a genetic defect. Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant inherited neurocutaneous syndrome with variable renal involvement. We describe a case of a six-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis complex who developed distal RTA and renal stones

Frequency of types of parturition and their relationship with maternal characteristics: a cross-sectional analysis

Background: The pathways that are involved for the duration of pregnancy and type of parturition are extremely complex, involving maternal as well as fetal systems. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of types of parturition and their relationship with maternal characteristics among pregnant female patients.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was conducted among 195 healthy pregnant females at Obstetrics and Gynaecological Department of Hamdard Hospital, Karachi, from 1st March 2019 to 31st August 2019. After taking written informed consent from the participants, the relevant data were gathered with the help of a structured questionnaire designed specifically for the study. Statistical package for social sciences was used for data entry while the chi-square test was applied for inferential analysis. The duration of the study was six months. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Descriptive analysis was performed by generating means and standard deviations for continuous variables while frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. A Chi-square test was applied to perform the inferential analysis while the significance level was set at 0.05.Results: A total of 195 pregnant females were included in the study, whose mean age was 29.29±5.22 years. The study results showed that BMI before pregnancy (p=0.021), rest is taken during pregnancy (p=0.034) and gravida status (p=0.047) were all significantly associated with the type of parturition among the study participants, but spacing in pregnancies and parity were not.Conclusions: Maternal characteristics were found to be significantly associated with the type of parturition among pregnant females. For gynecologists the maternal characteristics identified in this study may serve as a useful indicator of the type of parturition expected in their patients

Sociodemographic factors associated with IgG and IgM seroprevalence for human cytomegalovirus infection in adult populations of Pakistan: A seroprevalence survey

Background: The seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection ranges from 30 to 90 % in developed countries. Reliable estimates of HCMV seroprevalence are not available for Pakistan. This study determined the seroprevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with HCMV infection in adult populations of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A seroprevalence survey was conducted on 1000 adults, including residents of two semi-urban communities, and visitors to a government and a private hospital. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted. Sera were analysed for HCMV-specific IgG and IgM. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparing sociodemographic variables against seropositivity of HCMV-IgG or IgM. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed for IgG seroprevalence and adjusted odds ratios were computed. Results: The seroprevalence of HCMV-IgG and IgM was 93.2 and 4.3 % respectively. 95.3 % of individuals who were IgM seropositive were also seropositive for IgG. Around 6 % (15/250) of women of childbearing age remained uninfected and were therefore susceptible to primary infection. HCMV-IgG seroprevalence was associated with being female (p = 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.002) and crowding index (p = 0.003) and also with lower levels of both education (p \u3c 0.001) and income (p = 0.008). Seroprevalence also differed significantly by marital status (p = 0.008) and sampling location (p \u3c 0.001). A logistic regression model for HCMV-IgG seroprevalence showed associations with being female (OR = 1.89; 95 % CI: 1.10–3.25), increasing age (OR = 3.95; 95 % CI: 1.79–8.71) and decreasing income (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI: 0.54–0.96). A strong association was observed between increased seroprevalence of HCMV-IgM and decreasing household size (p = 0.008).Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HCMV is very high in Pakistan, although 6 % of women of childbearing age remain at risk of primary infection. The IgM seropositivity observed in some individuals living in small household size (1–3 individuals) with persistent HCMV infection could have resulted from a recurrent HCMV infection. Future longitudinal research in pregnant women and neonates is required to study the trends in HCMV seroprevalence over time in Pakistan for the development of a potential HCMV prevention and vaccination programme

To tackle symptoms of computer vision syndrome in era of COVID-19

With the emergence of a novel coronavirus, there has been an increase in the use of electronic gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and mobile phones. There has been an emphasis on social distancing and work from home. Therefore, people are switched to online mode, whether it is office work or education. Both adults and children are getting dependent on electronic devices, which has led to increased symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS). Here, we address the symptoms that can occur with enhanced use of digital media and how that could be tackled

Determination of factors associated with critical weight loss in oral cavity carcinoma patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction  Critical weight loss is defined as an unintentional weight loss of ≥ 5% at 1 month or ≥ 10% at 6 months from the start of treatment. Critical weight loss leads to deterioration of the immune function and reduced tolerance to treatment (surgery ± radiochemotherapy) as well as increased complication rates. Objective  Critical weight loss, defined as a weight loss of ≥ 5% after 1 month or ≥ 10% after 6 months from the start of treatment, is not uncommon in head and neck cancer patients. We aimed to assess the factors associated with critical weight loss during the treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods  A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Aga Khan University Hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan, on 125 patients. Patients receiving adjuvant therapy were considered exposed, and the outcome was critical weight loss. Results  The mean age of presentation was 46.9 ± 12.8 years in patients undergoing surgery and adjuvant therapy, with 119 (79.3%) of them being male and 31 (20.7%) female. One hundred and twelve patients (81.3%) developed critical weight loss at 6 months from the start of treatment, and the only significant variable associated with critical weight loss was the stage of the disease ( p  = 0.03). Conclusion  A large proportion of patients with oral cancer developed critical weight loss requiring a need for intervention. The overall stage of the disease is a significant predictor of critical weight loss in patients undergoing treatment

An Ensemble Learning Method for Emotion Charting Using Multimodal Physiological Signals

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Evaluation of Lumber Spine Stenosis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlating with Its Clinical Manifestation

Lumber spine stenosis (LSS) is one of the major reasons of spinal surgery all over the globe. Despite using standard Diagnostic tools for LSS, the clinical and imaging findings often do not correlate. Over past years, the central spinal canal stenosis is assumed to be the diagnoses of lower back pain, while other anatomical stenosis (i.e lateral recess stenosis) not gaining as much attention. This fact assumed to be the reason for failed back surgery. In this context numerous studies in past have done. The aim of this study is to verify the clinical manifestation of LSS correlation to its Diagnostic find. To evaluate the lumbar spine stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging & correlating with its clinical manifestations. The duration of study was three months. Study was done at Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan. A cross-sectional analytical study included 120 patients. According our study the patients comes with lumber spine stenosis at different levels. At L4L5 presents 39 (32.5%) patients, 47(39.2%) patients reveal at the level of L5S1, 14 (11.7%) patients at L2L3, and only 3 (2.5%) patients appear at the level of L1L2, 19 (15.8%) patients show stenosis at L3L4 Then we correlate the pain intensity with all lumber spine levels and the results are 35 (29.2%) patients are absent and 85 (70.8%) presents at the level of L4L5. On the level of L5S1 pain intensity is absent in 81 (67.5%) patients, & present in 39 (32.5) patients. On the level of L2L3 106 (83.5%) absent and 14 (11.7%) patients are present pain intensity.  On the level of L1L2 117 (97.5%) absent of pain intensity and only 3 (2.5%) patients are present with pain intensity. The study concluded that the clinical manifestation of lumber spine stenosis to devise the management plan for the patient for better diagnoses in magnetic resonance imaging in LSS. Keywords: Lumber spine stenosis, manifestation, MRI DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-10 Publication date:June 30th 202

Sonographic Correlation of Fetal Foot Length as a Reliable Parameter for Estimation of Gestational Age in 2ND and 3RD Trimester

Objective: To sonographic correlation fetal foot length as a reliable parameter for estimation of gestational age in 2nd and 3rd trimester. Study Design: An analytical cross-sectional prospective study was performed. Settings: The study was performed in Meer Children and family clinic, Tajpora Lahore. Period: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 October, 2021 to 15 January, 2021. Material & Methods: The present study is conducted in the in the Meer Children and Family Clinic Tajpura Lahore .In pregnant women attending the OPD during 2nd and 3rd trimester for routine checkups. The present study done in 60 normal pregnant women who were sure about their last menstrual period, have regular menstrual cycle, not experienced any vaginal bleeding. Ultrasonographic fetal foot length measurements was done without previous knowledge of gestational age and then the gestational age confirmed by biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and head circumference . Results: The present study is conducted in 63 pragnent women between 15 to 35 weeks  of gestational age attending the OPD for 2nd and 3rd trimester routine checkups the  in the Meer Children and Family Clinic Tajpura Lahore . Sonographically we calculated foot length from 15 to 35 weeks of gestation. In our study to Early  age at which fetal foot length could be seen and measured sonographically was found to be 15 weeks of  gestation age. In 27 weeks of gestational age and mean foot length 83.67 with std. deviation 5.718 and std. Error Mean -720 and the mean value of foot length by gestational age is 93.33 with std. deviation and std. error mean 338.740 and 42.677 respectivly.  Along with foot length bipraietal diameter(BPD),Abdominal circumference(AC),head circumference(HC) also measured for comparison. Conclusion: In the normal growing fetus the fetal foot length increases with increasing gestational age. Fetal foot length is a good parameter for gestational age especially in cases of femur achondroplasia, dolichocephaly or brachycephaly and in cases who are not sure about their L.M.P. Fetal foot length is  used as an investigational implement  to measured  of gestational age in the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fetal foot length was especially useful when other parameters did not correctly estimate gestational age, e.g., in cases of short-limb dwarfism hydrocephalus or anencephaly. Keywords: Gestational age, Fetal foot length, Ultrasonographically age estimation DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-04 Publication date:September 30th 202