Artificial intelligence investigation of three silicates bioceramics-magnetite bio-nanocomposite: Hyperthermia and biomedical applications

Objective(s): Bioactive silicate ceramics have favorable features for applying as off-the-shelf bone and artificial tissue. Calcium silicate can enhance the generation of an immediate bond with host bone without an intervening rough surface in the bone layer. However, the silicate bioceramics have some drawback regarding their mechanical properties and chemical stabilities. Materials and Methods: In this study, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as reinforcement were added to the three silicate bioceramics to investigate the physical and mechanical properties as well as their magnetic behavior as a case study and compare with other calcium silicate nanocomposite which are excellent candidates for hyperthermia applications. Then the artificial neural network (ANN) applied to the previous data to predict the mechanical and biological behavior of the bio-nanocomposite as output parameters. A predicted model was enhanced using ANN to measure the optimum size and reinforcement amount of the magnetite bio-nanocomposite. The results of the fabricated bio-nanocomposite were extracted experimentally corresponding to different MNPs weight fractions compared to the predicted model. Results: The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM) technique were used to compare the porosity and porous tissue microstructure. Thereafter, an analytical solution is presented to express explicitly the physical and mechanical responses of the bulk/scaffold bio-nanocomposite. Conclusion: The obtained results showed the potential application of these calculations and analyses in a wide range of numerical studies. The comparison presented within the test and predicted values showed that the modeling outcomes were close to testing values

Mathematically and experimentally defined porous bone scaffold produced for bone substitute application

Objective (s): Artificial bone implants have been studied as a possible bone replacement for fractured and destroyed facial tissue; the techniques employed to determine the success of the dental implants. The stability, porosity and resistance of the bone implant which is subjected to varying forces and stresses within the surrounding bone is a subject of interest among the dentists. Materials and Methods: An experimental analysis was conducted on bio-nanocomposite scaffold using space holder methods. The reaction of the bio-nanocomposites deformation under load was determined using Abaqus software. Thereafter, an analytical solution was presented to express explicitly the deformation responses of the artificial bone implant. Results: It was seen that the vibrational behavior and mechanical performance of the sample containing 15 wt% additives have shown better mechanical characteristic compared to the pure specimen. On the other hand, the additive weight fraction has a significant effect on the compression test and porosity value. Also, the elastic modulus of the samples increases more than two times with the addition of additive (from 60 MPa to 145 MPa). From the results, it can be concluded that the highest vibration variation is seen in the sample with lower MNPs percentages.Conclusion: By observing the results of the stresses, it was seen that the stresses were in a small value in the bio-nanocomposites with highest amount of reinforcement

Mechanochemical synthesis evaluation of nanocrystalline bone-derived bioceramic powder using for bone tissue engineering

Introduction: Bone tissue engineering proposes a suitable way to regenerate lost bones. Different materials have been considered for use in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a significant success of bioceramics as a bone tissue repairing biomaterial. Among different bioceramic materials, recent interest has been risen on fluorinated hydroxyapatites, (FHA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F x (OH) 2−x ). Fluorine ions can promote apatite formation and improve the stability of HA in the biological environments. Therefore, they have been developed for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize the FHA nanopowder via mechanochemical (MC) methods. Materials and Methods: Natural hydroxyapatite (NHA) 95.7 wt.% and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) powder 4.3 wt.% were used for synthesis of FHA. MC reaction was performed in the planetary milling balls using a porcelain cup and alumina balls. Ratio of balls to reactant materials was 15:1 at 400 rpm rotation speed. The structures of the powdered particles formed at different milling times were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Fabrication of FHA from natural sources like bovine bone achieved after 8 h ball milling with pure nanopowder. Conclusion: F− ion enhances the crystallization and mechanical properties of HA in formation of bone. The produced FHA was in nano-scale, and its crystal size was about 80-90 nm with sphere distribution in shape and size. FHA powder is a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

Electrospun of polymer/bioceramic nanocomposite as a new soft tissue for biomedical applications

Iranian Gum Tragacanth (IGT) is among the most natural polymers which has interesting properties such as nontoxic nature, biodegradability and high resistance to bacterial attacks making it applicable for tissue scaffolds, protective clothing, and wound healing. In the current work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/IGT nanocomposite fibre is prepared by using the electrospinning (ELS) technique in an aqueous solution with different volume ratios of 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10. To enhance the chemical and mechanical stability of the produced samples, different amounts of nanoclay powder (1% and 3%) are added also to the solution. The blended nanofibres are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and bioactivity evaluation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions. The FTIR analysis indicated that PVA and IGT may have H+ bonding interactions. The results revealed that with a higher amount of IGT, a superior degradation as well as a higher chemical and biological stability could be obtained in the nanobiocomposite blend fibres. Furthermore, the blend nanofibre samples of 80/20 and 3% nanoclay powder exhibit a significant improvement during evaluation of its properties

An in vitro evaluation of novel NHA/zircon plasma coating on 316L stainless steel dental implant

The surface characteristics of an implant that influence the speed and strength of osseointegration include crystal structure and bioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of a novel natural hydroxyapatite/zircon (NHA/zircon) nanobiocomposite coating on 316L stainless steel (SS) dental implants soaking in simulated body fluid. A novel NHA/zircon nanobiocomposite was fabricated with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 wt% of zircon in NHA using ball mill for 1 h. The composite mixture was coated on SS implants using a plasma spray method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate surface morphology, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze phase composition and crystallinity (Xc). Further, calcium ion release was measured to evaluate the coated nanobiocomposite samples. The prepared NHA/zircon coating had a nanoscale morphological structure with a mean crystallite size of 30–40 nm in diameter and a bone-like composition, which is similar to that of the biological apatite of a bone. For the prepared NHA powder, high bioactivity was observed owing to the formation of apatite crystals on its surface. Both minimum crystallinity (Xc=41.1%) and maximum bioactivity occurred in the sample containing 10 wt% of zircon because of minimum Xc and maximum biodegradation of the coating sample

Electrospun Polycaprolactone/lignin-based Nanocomposite as a Novel Tissue Scaffold for Biomedical Applications

Background: Biopolymer scaffolds have received great interest in academic and industrial environment because of their supreme characteristics like biological, mechanical, chemical, and cost saving in the biomedical science. There are various attempts for incorporation of biopolymers with cheap natural micro- or nanoparticles like lignin (Lig), alginate, and gums to prepare new materials with enhanced properties. Methods: In this work, the electrospinning (ELS) technique as a promising cost-effective method for producing polymeric scaffold fibers was used, which mimics extracellular matrix structure for soft tissue engineering applications. Nanocomposites of Lig and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold produced with ELS technique. Nanocomposite containings (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of Lig were prepared with addition of Lig powder into the PCL solution while stirring at the room temperature. The bioactivity, swelling properties, morphological and mechanical tests were conducted for all the samples to investigate the nanocomposite scaffold features. Results: The results showed that scaffold with 10 wt.% Lig have appropriate porosity, biodegradation, minimum fiber diameter, optimum pore size as well as enhanced tensile strength, and young modulus compared with pure PCL. Degradation test performed through immersion of samples in the phosphate-buffer saline showed that degradation of PCL nanocomposites could accelerate up to 10% due to the addition of Lig. Conclusions: Electrospun PCL-Lig scaffold enhanced the biological response of the cells with the mechanical signals. The prepared nanocomposite scaffold can choose for potential candidate in the biomedical science

Coating the magnesium implants with reinforced nanocomposite nanoparticles for use in orthopedic applications

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The use of calcium silicate coatings has extensively increased due to properties such as biocompatibility and proper bioactivity response. The present study was aimed to investigate the bioactivity of wollastonite-hydroxyapatite (WS-HA) bio-nanocomposite for the treatment of orthopedic implant coatings by adding magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to the matrix. The bio-nanocomposite was coated on Mg substrate for 40 min at 40 V using electrophoretic deposition (EPD), following which the heat treatment was performed at 550–650 °C for 1 h. The coatings were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 28 days to detect and confirm apatite-like layer formation Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to evaluate the concentration of calcium and silicon ions