Sources of get information and related factors during pregnancy among Afghan migrant women in Iran

Aim: The present study aims to investigate the sources of information and its related factors among pregnant Afghan migrant women who reside in southeast Tehran Province, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 280 pregnant Afghan women who received care at the prenatal clinics of selected healthcare centres in southeast Tehran Province (Iran) in 2018 enrolled in this study. Data were collected by continuous sampling by a questionnaire that asked about demographic, obstetric and sources of information used during pregnancy. Results: The most important sources of information accessed by pregnant Afghan women were healthcare providers (65.1), family and friends (47.55), the Internet (32.1) and media (18.9). There was statistically a significant relationship between sources of information and education level, number of children, length of residence in Iran, place of birth and insurance status. © 2020 The Authors. School of Nursing and midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

The relationship between health life style and spermogram Indicators among infertile men: preliminary data

OBJECTIVE: Inappropriate life style has destructive effects on sperm quality and, male fertility, so that lifestyle modification may improve spermogram indexes preliminary data. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health life style and spermogram Indicators among infertile men. This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 infertile men. The data were collected through the socio-demographic and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaires Descriptive statistics independent t-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data through SPSS. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) of total score of the health promoting lifestyle was (2.39�±�0.39). The highest mean score was in Health Responsibility subscale (2.51�±�0.52) and the lowest mean score was in the nutrition subscale (2.24�±�0.44). Stress management showed significantly correlated with sperm morphology (p�=�0.025). Also, spiritual growth with the Sperm concentration (p�<�0.001), and sperm motility (p�=�0.004) were statistically correlated, and health responsibility dimensions were statistically correlated with the Sperm concentration (p�=�0.003) and sperm motility (p�=�0.002). Considering that the mean of total score of the health promoting lifestyle and its correlation with some of spermogram indicators shows a need for improving lifestyle in infertile men who referred to infertility clinics

Examining the experience of childbirth and its predictors among women who have recently given birth

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the experience of childbirth and its predictors among women who have recently given birth. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on 225 women at 22 Bahman Hospital in Khaf City, Iran. The samples were selected by the continuous sampling method from August to November 2018. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, fertility information, pregnancy experience scale, satisfaction from birth environment inventory and the childbirth experience questionnaire. Results: The mean score of childbirth experience was 55.73. According to the regression model, the husband's education, receiving regular care during pregnancy, the person giving birth, presence of a companion, receiving spinal anaesthesia, perineal conditions, being uplifted and hassled about the pregnancy and satisfaction with the birth environment were the predictors of childbirth experience. The regression model showed 39.8 of the change in outcome variable was predicted by independent variables. © 2020 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

Barriers to Physical Activity in Pregnant Women: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-method Study (Study Protocol)

Background: Gaining insight into the obstacles holding women from engaging in physical activity during pregnancy is crucial for planning future interventions to enhance their physical activity during this period. This research aims to identify barriers to physical activity among pregnant women using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The study protocol is explained in this article. Methods: This research employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The project will be implemented in two separate phases. In the first phase, a quantitative cross-sectional study will be conducted on 358 eligible pregnant women aged 18-45 years living in Babol City, Iran. Quantitative data collection will involve using the barriers to physical activity during pregnancy scale (BPAPS) and questionnaires gathering demographic and obstetric data. The qualitative investigation will employ individual semi-structured interviews utilizing a content analysis approach. Ultimately, incorporating qualitative data will inform the interpretation of quantitative findings. Results: The results will be presented in alignment with the study objectives. Initially, the mean score of BPAPS and its subscales, along with the correlation between demographic and obstetric variables, will be reported. Subsequently, the qualitative phase will encompass the reporting of categories and the main themes. Finally, the quantitative phase findings will be interpreted, incorporating insights gained from the qualitative phase. Conclusion: Since regular physical activity during pregnancy has many benefits for maternal and fetal health, the study’s findings after its implementation can play a vital role in strategic planning to address women’s false beliefs and misconceptions regarding physical activity during pregnancy. In addition, this study will contribute to designing interventions to remove barriers to physical activity and encourag

Trends in daily temperature and precipitation extremes over Georgia, 1971–2010

Annual changes to climate extreme indices in Georgia (Southern Caucasus) from 1971 to 2010 are studied using homogenized daily minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation series. Fourteen extreme temperature and 11 extreme precipitation indices are selected from the list of core climate extreme indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization – Commission for Climatology (WMO-CCL) and the research project on Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Trends in the extreme indices are studied for 10 minimum and 11 maximum temperature and 24 precipitation series for the period 1971–2010. Between 1971 and 2010 most of the temperature extremes show significant warming trends. In 2010 there are 13.3 fewer frost days than in 1971. Within the same time frame there are 13.6 more summer days and 7.0 more tropical nights. A large number of stations show significant warming trends for monthly minimum and maximum temperature as well as for cold and warm days and nights throughout the study area, whereas warm extremes and night-time based temperature indices show greater trends than cold extremes and daytime indices. Additionally, the warm spell duration indicator indicates a significant increase in the frequency of warm spells between 1971 and 2010. Cold spells show an insignificant increase with low spatial coherence. Maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation, the number of very heavy precipitation days, very wet and extremely wet days as well as the simple daily intensity index all show an increase in Georgia, although all trends manifest a low spatial coherence. The contribution of very heavy and extremely heavy precipitation to total precipitation increased between 1971 and 2010, whereas the number of wet days decreases

Psychological well-being of infertile women and its relationship with demographic factors and fertility history: a cross-sectional study

Background: Infertility leads to a wide range of psychological injuries that may reduce psychological well-being. This study aimed to determine the psychological well-being of infertile women and its relation with demographic factors and fertility history. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 infertile women referred to three infertility centres, Tehran, Iran. The sampling was continuous. We collected data from a self-generated demographic and fertility questionnaire and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB). Data analysis was done by independent t-test, one way ANOVA. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between demographic variables including age, occupation of each couple, spousal�s education, economic status and place of residence with PWB, but the mean score of PWB was significantly different in women's educational levels (P = 0.03). There was also a significant difference between the mean score of PWB among different groups in the duration of marriage (P = 0.01). Fertility characteristics variables include the duration of infertility, duration of treatment of infertility, and current treatment were not the relation with PWB. However, the mean score of PWB in the number of IVF (P = 0.003) and the failed IVF pregnancies (P = 0.01) had a significant statistical difference. Conclusion: The results showed that PWB related to several variables. Paying attention to these variables can help in the preparation and development of counseling or educational programs. © 2021, The Author(s)

Perceived risk of COVID-19 acquisition and maternal mental distress

Background Pregnant women are a high-risk population for mental health effects during a pandemic. Objective This study aims to examine the association of perceived risk toward COVID-19 viral infection acquisition and maternal mental distress. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a total of 392 pregnant women were recruited. Data gathered using the perceived stress scale, State-Trait anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory, and protective behaviour were assessed. Linear regression analysis was applied in both unadjusted and adjusted models to assess the association between the exposure and outcome variables. Results In all five unadjusted and adjusted models, the perceived risk of COVID-19 acquisition remained a highly significant predictor for stress, anxiety factor 1 and 2, depression, and protective behaviours (P<0.001). Conclusion COVID-19 may be an important additional stress source for pregnant women. © 2021 MA Healthcare Lt

Lake Spray Aerosol Emissions Alter Nitrogen Partitioning in the Great Lakes Region

We develop an improved, wind- driven lake spray aerosol (LSA) emissions parameterization that resolves particle size and size- independent chemical composition, and investigate the impact of these emissions on regional chemistry in the Great Lakes region. We conduct Weather Research and Forecasting model with online Chemistry simulations for November 2015, a time period with high LSA emissions. LSA particles emitted from the surface of the Great Lakes increase particulate NO3- by 37% over the Great Lakes and by 13% over land, primarily due to heterogeneous reactions between CaCO3 and HNO3. Cations emitted from lake spray affect the thermodynamic equilibrium, reducing particulate NH4+ by 16% over the Great Lakes and by 7% over the surrounding land. This also influences gas- phase species in the region, decreasing nitric acid by up to 32% over lakes. Overall, these simulations suggest that understanding LSA and its impact on other air pollutants is important for determining health and climate effects in the Great Lakes region.Key PointsParameterized wind- dependent lake spray aerosol emission fluxes based on laboratory observationsHeterogeneous reactions of CaCO3 with HNO3 increase nitrate aerosolLake spray emissions of Ca2+ ions leads to an increase in particulate nitrate and a reduction in particulate ammoniumPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168375/1/grl62532_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168375/2/2021GL093727-sup-0001-Supporting_Information_SI-S01.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168375/3/grl62532.pd