In Vitro Evaluation of Enzymatic and Antifungal Activities of SoilActinomycetes Isolates and Their Molecular Identifcation by PCR

Background: Human cutaneous infection caused by a homogeneous group of keratinophilic fungi called dermatophytes. These fungi are the most common infectious agents in humans that are free of any population and geographic area. Microsporum canis is a cause of dermatophytosis (Tinea) in recent years in Iran and atypical strain has been isolated in Iran. Its cases occur sporadically due to M. canis transmission from puppies and cats to humans. Since this pathogenic dermatophyte is eukaryotes, chemical treatment with antifungal drugs may also affect host tissue cells. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to fnd a new antifungal agent of soil-Actinomycetes from Kerman province against M. canis and Actinomycete isolates were identifed by PCR. Materials and Methods: A number of hundred Actinomycete isolated strains were evaluated from soil of Kerman province, for their antagonistic activity against the M. canis. M. canis of the Persian Type Culture Collection (PTCC) was obtained from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). Electron microscope studies of these isolates were performed based on the physiological properties of these antagonists including lipase, amylase, protease and chitinase activities according to the relevant protocols and were identifed using gene 16SrDNA. Results: In this study the most antagonist of Actinomycete isolates with antifungal activity against M. canis isolates of L1, D5, Ks1m, Km2, Kn1, Ks8 and Ks1 were shown in vitro. Electron microscopic studies showed that some fungal strains form spores, mycelia and spore chain. Nucleotide analysis showed that Ks8 had maximum homology (98%) to Streptomyces zaomyceticus strain xsd08149 and L1 displayed 100% homology to Streptomyces sp. HVG6 using 16SrDNA studies. Conclusions: Our fndings showed that Streptomyces has antifungal effects against M. canis

FLOW INJECTION DETERMINATION OF NITRITE BY GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS

A simple, rapid and sensitive flow injection based spectrophotometric method has been applied for the determination of nitrite. The method is based on the fast reaction of nitrite with metoclopramide hydrochloride in acidic solutions to produce a diazonium cation which is subsequently coupled with graphene quantum dot, and forms a yellow colored azo product. The product absorbs electromagnetic radiation at 423 nm (λmax). The dependency of absorbance to various instrumental and chemical parameters was investigated and the optimum condition was selected to prepare nitrite calibration graph. Beer\u27s law was obeyed in the range of 0.02-7 μg mL-1. Various concentrations of nitrite were selected, and precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated. The obtained relative standard deviations and recoveries as percent were in the range of 1.5-6.1% and 97.8-99.2%, respectively. The method was successfully applied on the determination of nitrite in various water, sausage and cheese samples

The effects of oral trehalose on glycaemia, inflammation, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide of 2 glucose molecules, which has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent to reduce blood glucose and ameliorate diabetes-related complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of medium-term trehalose treatment in patients with T2D. Material and methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 40 patients with T2D was undertaken; 20 ingested trehalose 3.3 g/day and 20 placebo (sucrose), for 3 months. Parameters of glycaemic indices, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), mood status, and quality of life were measured. Results: CRP was significantly lower with trehalose treatment (-0.62 ±0.3 mg/l, p = 0.02); however, no differences in glycaemic indices of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-7.1 ±10.7 mg/dl, p = 0.15), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.1 ±0.4%, p = 0.73), insulin (0.73 ±0.8 μU/ml, p = 0.39), or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (0.19 ±0.33, p = 0.56) were seen between groups after 12 weeks. Depression and stress scores were lower with trehalose compared to the placebo group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively), whilst the quality-of-life score was higher with trehalose compared to placebo (p = 0.03) at the end of study. Between-group differences in these indices did not reach statistical significance (-2.36 ±1.20, -2.21 ±1.39 and 3.00 ±1.76 for depression, stress, and quality-of-life score, respectively) (p > 0.05). The pro-oxidant antioxidant balance (PAB) did not differ between groups (-4.6 ±12.8, p = 0.72). Conclusions: 12 weeks of treatment with 3.3 g/day of oral trehalose significantly improves CRP as a marker of inflammation, with potential favourable effects on quality of life, depression, and stress levels, but overall glycaemic control and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance were unaltered during this time frame.</p

The effects of oral trehalose on glycaemia, inflammation, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide of 2 glucose molecules, which has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent to reduce blood glucose and ameliorate diabetes-related complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of medium-term trehalose treatment in patients with T2D. Material and methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 40 patients with T2D was undertaken; 20 ingested trehalose 3.3 g/day and 20 placebo (sucrose), for 3 months. Parameters of glycaemic indices, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), mood status, and quality of life were measured. Results: CRP was significantly lower with trehalose treatment (-0.62 ±0.3 mg/l, p = 0.02); however, no differences in glycaemic indices of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-7.1 ±10.7 mg/dl, p = 0.15), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.1 ±0.4%, p = 0.73), insulin (0.73 ±0.8 μU/ml, p = 0.39), or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (0.19 ±0.33, p = 0.56) were seen between groups after 12 weeks. Depression and stress scores were lower with trehalose compared to the placebo group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively), whilst the quality-of-life score was higher with trehalose compared to placebo (p = 0.03) at the end of study. Between-group differences in these indices did not reach statistical significance (-2.36 ±1.20, -2.21 ±1.39 and 3.00 ±1.76 for depression, stress, and quality-of-life score, respectively) (p > 0.05). The pro-oxidant antioxidant balance (PAB) did not differ between groups (-4.6 ±12.8, p = 0.72). Conclusions: 12 weeks of treatment with 3.3 g/day of oral trehalose significantly improves CRP as a marker of inflammation, with potential favourable effects on quality of life, depression, and stress levels, but overall glycaemic control and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance were unaltered during this time frame.</p