Interleukin 35 levels in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients with moderate chronic periodontitis

Introduction: Periodontitis is a common disease in patients with diabetes. There is a significant relationship between hyperglycemic degree and severity of periodontitis, but the base of mechanism of this relationship has not been fully defined. Considering the important role of cytokines in periodontal pathogenesis and considering that there has been no study on the comparison of interleukin 35 (IL-35) in these diseases, the aim of this study was to determine the level of this salivary cytokine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis. Material & Methods: Totally, 88 subjects (44 female, 44 males) with a mean age of 42.5±10.5 years old participated in this case control study. The subjects were divided into four groups and each group included 22 subjects: Group 1: generalized moderate chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, Group 2: generalized moderate chronic periodontitis patients without diabetes, Group 3: diabetic patients with normal periodontium, Group 4: healthy periodontium and non-diabetic group (control) Then saliva were collected and centrifuged, the amount of IL-35 was determined with commercial ELISA kit. Data were analyzed . ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to compare the groups. Results: The Mean±SD of IL-35 was significantly higher in the control group (22.59±8.36, p0.05). Conclusion: The salivary IL-35 level is decreased in both periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. However, diabetes mellitus does not exacerbate this decline in patients with periodontitis

Radiographic assessment of maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness in edentulous posterior maxilla

Background and aim: Given the importance of evaluating the maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness (LWT) to avoid complications during surgery, the aim of this study was to examine LWT as well as the effect of residual ridge height (RH), edentulous region, type of edentulism, age and gender on it. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2016, 150 samples of the CBCT imaging archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Babol, Iran, were evaluated retrospectively. In the coronal section, RH and LWT (at 3, 7, 10 and 15 mm from the lowest point of the sinus floor) were measured in NNT software in millimeters. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v22 software through independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test and ANOVA. Results: In 150 assessed images, by increasing the wall distance from the floor, the mean sinus lateral wall thickness was increased (p=0.01). There was no relationship between gender and age with the sinus lateral wall thickness (p>0.05). RH showed a significant relationship with LWT so that the higher the RH, the greater the LWT (p<0.05). It was also observed that the mean LWT was 1.31±0.3 mm in the partial edentulism and 0.95±0.26 mm in the complete edentulism (p<0.05). The maximum thickness was found in the first molar and the minimum values were in the second premolar and the second molar. Conclusion: Due to the impact of residual ridge height and type of edentulism on LWT and anatomical variations observed in the maxillary sinus, CBCT assessment is recommended before surgery such as sinus lifting in this are

Comparing Cerumen Bacterial Flora in Acute Otitis Externa Patients and Healthy Controls

Introduction: In spite of the fact that acute otitis media is a systemic and symptomatic disease with sever otalgia, otitis media with effusion (OME) is an asymptomatic and silent disease. OME is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children and has adverse effects on speech development and cognitive skills. Results: Among 1001 children under study, 57 subjects (5.7%) were diagnosed with OME, more than 50% of which were asymptomatic. Periodic otalgia and turning up television volume were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Regarding the improved knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of OME especially in younger children, hearing problems or cognitive and linguistic skills retardation may be avoided by promoting general information